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Volume 26, Issue 5-6
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Hisashi MISAWA1971 Volume 26 Issue 5-6 Pages 183-191
Published: June 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the mechanism of bacterio-hemagglutination mediated by fimbriae, thermodynamic studies were carried out on the inhibition of this reaction by mannose and on the agglutination of mannan by fimbriate strains by means of a twin conduction calorimeter (TCC). Concomitantly, chemical analysis was carried out on the absorption of mannose onto hemagglutinating agents. The results obtained are as follows.
Experiments were performed on the absorption of aldoses onto bacterial cells of Shigella flexneri or red blood cells of guinea pig. They revealed that only D-mannose could be absorbed onto cells of fimbriate strains.
Of the polysaccharides tested for the agglutinability, only mannan was found to be able to aggregate with fimbriate cells. (This phenomenon was designated in this report as Shigella-mannan agglutination.) This type of agglutination was also completely inhibited by mannose.
Calorimetrically, the reaction of purified fimbriae with mannose was shown to be of the endothermic type, while that of intact cells with mannose was of the exothermic type. Moreover, even in the reaction of fimbriate cells with the red blood cells of guinea pig, the true contact of the fimbriae with the surfaces of the red blood cells was assumed to be of the endothermic type.
In this experiments on the reaction of mannan with bacterial cells of S. flexneri, an endothermic curve was recorded in the reaction with fimbriate strains. On the contrary, a curve of exothermic type of reaction was recorded with non-fimbriate cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (1221K) -
Tsutomu WATANABE, Katomi SUGAWARA, Mitsuru WATANABE1971 Volume 26 Issue 5-6 Pages 192-199
Published: June 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The development of rifampicin-resistant (RFPr) mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 and Staphylococcus aureus 209P showed to be of streptomycin type.
2. The frequencies of development of one-step high RFPr mutants were about 10-8 in LT-2 and about 10-7 in 209P.
3. Mutation to one-step high RFPr mutants in LT-2 was induced by ultraviolet irradiation (UV). The RFPr mutation was regarded as recessive, because of the presence of a long lag required for the phenotypic expression.
4. One-step high RFPr mutants were rather unstable genetically in both LT-2 and 209P.
5. The one-step high RFPr mutants used in the present study were assumed not to have been developed due to the reduced permeability to RFP, because their resistance was not affected by EDTA. EDTA did not appreciably influence the detection of one-step high RFPr mutants of LT-2 induced by UV.
6. The one-step high RFPr mutants of LT-2 and 209P showed reduced growth rates, as compared with the wild type strains.
7. The one-step high RFPr mutants of LT-2 and 209P were less virulent to mice than the wild type strains.
8. The one-step high RFPr mutants of 209P produced less α-hemolysin, less coagulase, and less yellow, pigment than the wild type strain.View full abstractDownload PDF (964K) -
Hisao IZAWA, Toshihiko NAGABAYASHI, Yuzo KAZUNO, Masao SOEKAWA1971 Volume 26 Issue 5-6 Pages 200-204
Published: June 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 20% reduction in hatchability continued in a hatchery for about 2 months. Bacteria identified as Serratia marcescens were isolated uniformly from all the samples collected from dead embryos. Bacterial isolates were derived from the feces, but not from any reproductive organ of layer hen in the affected hatchery.
The Serratia isolate was lethal to embryonating hen's eggs, but not pathogenic for chicks or mice. Bacteria were recovered from the feces of birds with experimental infection.
The agglutinating titers of serum samples against Serratia antigen were 1:80 to 1:640 in layer hens which had laid unhatched eggs, 1:20 to 1:80 in experimentally infected chickens, and 1:5 or less in a majority of serum stock obtained from various regions.
The occurrence of death among chick embryos in this hatchery could be attributed to the transmission of Serratia marcescens from carrier hens through contaminated feces to the eggs that they laid. The source of the infection is unknown.View full abstractDownload PDF (540K) -
Katsuya KOIDE1971 Volume 26 Issue 5-6 Pages 205-213
Published: June 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present studies are concerned with the cytodynamics, morphology and immunological nature of rosette-forming cells (RFCs) appearing in the peripheral blood and spleen of chickens following the immunization against sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). All the experiments were performed by the immunocyto-adherence technique. The results obtained were described and discussed in relation to the possible functions of RFCs in immune response.
1. There was no significant difference in the cytodynamics and cytological characteristics of RFCs between the peripheral blood and spleen. First, large blast-like cells surrounded by several layers of erythrocytes (RFC-type 1) appeared. They were followed by plasmocyte-like cells surrounded similarly by several layers of erythrocytes (RFC-type 2), and then by small lymphocytes surrounded by one or two layers of erythrocytes (RFC-type 3). RFCs of the last type remained in small numbers until one to two months later.
2. No RFCs were observed in bursectomized birds lacking in humoral antibody-producting capacity. In contrast, RFCs appeared in thymectomized birds with no cell-mediated immunity, showing essentially the same cytodynamics and morphology as those of the normal bird. It was, therefore, confirmed that RFCs were originated from bursa-dependent immunocompetent cells.
3. The rosette formation of RFC-types 1 and 2 was remarkably suppressed, whereas that of RFC-type 3 was not affected by such inhibitors of metabolism concerning energy production as sodium azide, fluoroacetate, and dinitrophenol. The addition of complement induced a striking decrease in number of RFC-types 1 and 2, and a slight decrease in number of RFC-type 3. These findings suggest that there may be a distinct difference in the mechanism of rosette formation and entity of antibody or antibodylike receptors between RFC-types 1 and 2 as a group and the other RFC-type.
4. Only a few RFCs were detected from the peripheral lymphocytes and splenic lymphoid cells of unsensitized normal birds after the cells were treated with anti-SRBC chicken serum in vitro or in vivo. Accordingly, it was ascertained that the rosette formation was not due to cytophilic antibody adsorbed onto these cells.
From the results mentioned above, it may be concluded that RFC-types 1 and 2 are actively antibody-producing and releasing cells, while RFC-type 3 is a primed cell not having reached the stage of releasing antibody, or a memory cell playing an essential role in the secondary response.View full abstractDownload PDF (4618K) -
I. Detoxification of Habu Venom with FormalinSeiji SADAHIRO1971 Volume 26 Issue 5-6 Pages 214-221
Published: June 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. A 1% solution of crude Habu venom was added with formalin initially at 0.2% and then at concentrations increased by 0.2% on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th day. The mixture was kept at 37C and at a constant pH of 7.0. The lethal toxicity and the hemorrhagic activity were determined at certain intervals by intravenous injection into mice and intracutaneous injection into rabbits, respectively. The venom solution treated with formalin became a completely nontoxic within 14 days.
2. To the dialysis residue of the formol-toxoid thus prepared were added a half volume each of 0.1M AlCl3 and 0.1M Na3PO4 in this order listed. The resulting suspension was adjusted to pH 6.0 with sodium hydroxide. The adsorbed formol-toxoid thus prepared was injected subcutaneously into guinea pigs. Individual serum specimens were titrated for antilethal as well as antihemorrhagic (anti-HR 1 and anti-HR 2) potencies.
3. The immunized animals produced antibodies against both HR 1 and HR 2; the titers of which reached to 10 and 7u/ml, respectively, after the 3rd injection. On the other hand, the antilethal titer was below the level of detection.
4. Some of the immunized animals were challenged with the crude venom 6 weeks after the 6th injection, and observed for local symptoms 24 hours later. Control animals showed severe hemorrhage caused by such a small dose of the venom as 30mcg. On the contrary, the immunized animals were protected satisfactorily against the challenge with 300∼1, 000mcg of the venom.View full abstractDownload PDF (3362K) -
Nobutake KIMURA, Koji YOSHIDA, Akio KOBAYASHI1971 Volume 26 Issue 5-6 Pages 222-227
Published: June 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSQuantitative and qualitative studies were carried out on the fecal flora of constipated persons. The costive feces had the same microflora as the normal feces, except that it showed a significantly low Lactobacillus count.
Fifteen constipated persons were fed 5∼15g of roasted wheat germ daily and examined for changes in the microflora, moisture contents, pH value, and Eh value of the feces. Wheat germ exerted an influence on the microflora, causing an increase in lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, and a decrease in other organisms. The moisture content of the feces increased by 10∼20% and the pH value decreased from 6.71 to 6.29.View full abstractDownload PDF (615K) -
1971 Volume 26 Issue 5-6 Pages 228-234
Published: June 25, 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1015K)
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