Japanese Journal of Breeding
Online ISSN : 2185-291X
Print ISSN : 0536-3683
ISSN-L : 0536-3683
Volume 36, Issue 2
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
  • Kazuhiko NODA, Minako TAKAYAMA
    1986 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 91-99
    Published: June 01, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Spike primordia of triploid hybrids between H.vulgare and H.bulbosum (4X) showed higher rate of chromosome elimination (7.8%) than root meristems of the hybrids (0.1%). Callus induction was tried from these meristematic cells, and the relationship between physiological change of cells brought by callus condition and the rate of chromosome elimination was examined. B-5 medium (GAMBORG, 1975) with NAA 2. 5 ppm was better for callus induction from spike primordia than B-5 media with hormone combinations : NAA XBAP or 2, 4-D X-BAP. Cytological observations of callus showed that chromosome number of callus cells derlved from spike primordia increased rather than decreased. Factor(s) which taised the rate of chromosome elimination in spike primordia might be lost in callus condition.
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  • Tadayoshi TANIMOTO, Takeshi MATSUMOTO
    1986 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 100-111
    Published: June 01, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Morphological characters related to the vegetative organs, and peroxidase and esterase isozyme patterns were investigated for cluster analyses in 38 strains of taro and three of C.gigantea in Japan. Chromosome numbers of the strains were also determined. There were large variations in the morphological characters and the isozyme patterns among the taro strains. In contrast, few morphological variations and no zymographic variations were observed among the strains of C.gigantea. The small clusters based on the isozyme patterns corresponded more closely to the cultivar groups defined by KUMAZAWA et al. (1956) than those based on the morphological characters. Three strains were markedly distant from the clusters of their groups and they could have been included in the other cultivar groups. Diploid (2n=28) and triploid forms (2n=42) were found in taro, whereas only diploid ones (2n=28) in C.gigantea. These two forms could not be clearly separated by the method mentioned above. There are numerous discrepancies in the classification of the Japanese taro cultivars. KUMAZAWA et al. (1956) classified the largest number of strains based on the largest number of characters related to the morphology of the vegetative and flowering organs, on the texture of corms, and the chromosome number. In the present study, the classification by cluster analysis based on the isozyme patterns agreed well with that of KUMAZAWA's cultivar groups, unlike the classification based on the morphological characters. This finding suggests that KUMAZAWA's classification system for the cultivar groups is supported chemotaxonomically, and that cluster analysis based on two isozyme patterns is a suitable method for assigning the strains into the cultivar groups.
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  • Toshiaki YAMADA
    1986 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 112-121
    Published: June 01, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Inheritance of quantitative resistance of IR26 was studied through the analysis of 5 populations, P1, P2, F1, F2 and F3, derived from the cross Kinmaze/IR26, and an effective means of selection for the resistance was presented. Experimental results showed that IR 26 exhibited a non-specific resistance to all the five bacterial groups existing in Japan. According to the analysis of variance, the resistances of the F3 lines originating from IR26 differed non-specifically, and the strains from the bacterial groups I to V differed in aggressiveness but not in virulence. Selection experiments for the resistance in the F2 generation indicated that individual selection was effective and the selection by using a single bacterial group resulted in significant improvements not only in the resistance to the relevant bacterial group but also in the resistances to all the others. The selection of plants non-specifically resistant to all the bacterial groups could be obtained without the inoculation of all the bacterial groups. This was attributable to the fact that the quantitative resistances to the bacterial groups I to v originating from IR26 had a high heritability each and were highly correlated with each other both genotypically and phenotypically. Experimental results also showed that a strain with a relatively strong aggressiveness was best for the selection, and the degree of aggressiveness of a strain to a hybrid population could be estimated by that to the resistant parent.
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  • Yasuo MATSUZAWA, Masao SARASHIMA
    1986 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 122-130
    Published: June 01, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Cytological and morphological observations were made on the intergeneric new hybrids between Raphanus sativus and Brassica nigra and the derived progenies. Chromosomes of Fl hybrids in the meiosis of the pollen mother cells (PMC) were amphihaploid except for an amphidiploid plant (NiR F1-3) in B, nigraxR. sativus. Amphihaploids showed the pairing type of (0-4)II+(9-17)I at metaphase I(MI) and the chromosome number of most of the PMCS at metaphase II(MII) ranged from 5 to 12 with a modal value of 8 or 9. An amphidiploid plant showed a relatively regular meiosis with 17II at MI and PMCS With 17 chromosomes at MII. The morphology of the amphihaploids was intermediate between that of the parent cultivars except for the presence of white flowers. Due to the meiotic abnormalities, amphihaploids failed to produce viable pollen and seed. An amphidiploid of NiR F1-3 was very large and showed seed fertility. Backcrossed generations with R.sativus and B, nigra were sesquidiploids of BRR (2n=26) and BBR (2n=25) showing pairing types of 9 II+8I and 8II+9I at MI, respectively. The BRR plants preserved their seed fertility not only in open pollination but in further backcrossing to two cultivars of R. sativus. Derived plants were euploid (2n=18) or hyperploid (2n=19-22). Prevailing occurrence of univalents and bivalents in both amphiploids and derived progenies suggested the occurrence of more frequent autosyndetic pairings than allosyndetic ones at MI. Subsequently new alloplasmic radish lines, viz. R, sativus with B, nigra cytoplasm were bred. These lines produced fertile seeds in the next backcrossing to R. sativus.
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  • Kazunori YABE, Takeshi NISHIO, Kenji TAKAYANAGI
    1986 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 131-137
    Published: June 01, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Mesophyll protoplasts of butterbur (Fuki) were prepared in the enzyme solution containing 0.l% Pectolyase Y 23, 0.5% Cellulase Onozuka RS, 0.5% Driselase and 0.5M mannitol at 27°C for 120 min with shaking at the rate of 80 str/min. Purified protoplasts were cultured in the medium containing diluted MURASHIGE & SKooG's (MS) salts, vitamins, and various concentration of auxins and cytokinins at 1×105 cells/ml. The culture was kept at 25°C. After about one or one and a half months, cell colonles were transplanted onto the agar medium containing 1/4 MS salts, 1/2 MS vitamins, 1mg/l NAA. 0.5 mg/l BA, 1% sucrose and 0.8% agar. Calluses of 2∼5 mm in diameter were transferred on the agar medium of MS with 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar supplemented with various concentration of NAA and BA to induce shoot. After 6 month-culture, whole plants were obtained.
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  • Masashi HIRAI, Itaru KOZAKI, Ichiro KAJlURA
    1986 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 138-146
    Published: June 01, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Isozyme of glutamate oxalacetate aminotransferase (GOT) in the trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata Raf.) was analyzed. Locally collected mature trees had a typical genotype of MP and SM at Got-1 and Got-2 loci, respectively. Although the trifoliate is known as an apomict (nucellar polymbryony), some of the seedlings were homozygous at Got-1 and/or Got-2, and these were assumed to be inbred ones. Average height of the inbred seedlings was much lower than that of the apomicts. A part of the inbred seedlings flowered precociously. Some of the morphologically or physiologically distinctive strains, includin*" Iarge-ffowered strains, were assumed to arise from inbreeding of the trifoliate orange. Some differences in pollen morphology between inbred and apomict-propagated strains were observed with scanning electron microscopy.
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  • Takakazu YAMAMOTO, Minoru NISHIMURA
    1986 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 147-154
    Published: June 01, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Studies were conducted to clarify the relationship between the root activity and the tolerance to the sterility type of cool injury in rice, Oryza sativa L. Several varieties were selected on the basis of variations in their tolerance to the steril;ty type of cool injury. The amount of bleeding water from the stem was measured under different temperature conditions in the late vegetative growth stage. It was found that the amount of blcedlng water per stem section area varied with the temperature conditions ; the higher the temperature, the larger the amount was. It was also found that the amount of bleeding water per stem section area under the 10w temperature condition was highly correlated with the degree of tolerance to the sterility type of cool injury of the varieties. Furthermore, to measure the amount of bleeding water more easily, the shoot of a main stem was cut at the hight of 10cm above the ground, and the roots were washed off with running water. The main stem arranged in this way was fixed in a test tube by a piece of cotton. By measuring the amount of water lost in the test tube which was almost equivalent to the amount of bleeding water under the low temperature condition, it was found that the amount of water lost per dry matter weight of treated roots was closely related to the degree of tolerance to the sterility type of cool injury of the varieties. These results suggest that the degree of tolerance to the sterility type of cool injury of the varieties can be tested by measuring the amount of bleeding water in the late vegetative growth stage.
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  • Harufumi MINAMI, Hyoji NAMAI
    1986 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 155-162
    Published: June 01, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum MOENCH) which is an entomophilous and cross-pollinated crop, can be classified into two ecotypes in a broad sense ; summer and late-summer types. The summer type cultivars are generally non-sensitive to day length, whereas the late-summer type cultivars are sensitive to short day. The former is assumed to have differentiated from the latter. In the previous paper (Minami and Namai 1986), we demonstrated that the late-summer type cultivars in the Kyushu region (low latitude ; 31-34 have a considerably wide potential for genetic variation from early to late flowering in the long day summer season as well as a potential capacity to differentiate to the summer type cultivars. In the present paper, we clarified the process of differentiation of the summer type cultivars from the late-summer type cultivars through ecological genetlc studies dealing with the effects of mass selection and harvesting date on the genetic structure of the flowering time in the progeny populations, during the period 1981∼1984.
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  • Yutaka TAKAGI, Takumi MATSUO, Hidetoshi KISHIKAWA
    1986 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 163-176
    Published: June 01, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The experiment was carried out to make clear the inheritance of oleic acid and linolenic acid content in soybean seed oil. The materials used were cultivar Orihime (P1) and Matsuura (P2) as parents and their hybrid populations i. e. F1, F2, B1 and B2. The partitioning method developed by POWERS Was applied. The parental varieties were supposed to differ by two gene pairs. Namely, Orihime (P1) was symbolized as AAbb having 44.0% of oleic acid content, so was Matsuura (P2) as aaBB having 51.5%, and F1 as AaBb having 45. 6%. The mean and standard deviation for single determination were estimated in the population of AABb and Aabb in B1, AaBB and aaBb in B2, AABB and aabb in F2, A good fitness was found between observed and expected frequency distributions for oleic acid content in B1, F2 and B2 populations, hence these data supported the hypothesis of genotypes mentioned above. These two pairs of genes are controlling oleic acid content additively with a slight partial dominance towards low content. AABB expresses lower content of oleic acid of 32.7%, and aabb higher content of 56.6%. Application of the method of HAYMAN showed that the action of additive genes was more important than that of dominance gene. Significant additive by dominance epistasis was also recognized. A negative correlation was found between oleic acid and linoleic acid content (r=-0.988). It might be suggested that the same genes are controlling contents of both oleic and linoleic acid.
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  • Minoru NIIZEKI, Ken-ichi SAITO
    1986 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 177-180
    Published: June 01, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A system was established for achieving plant regeneration from callus protoplasts of birdsfoot trefoil. Lotus corniculatus L. A fresh callus was incubated in an enzyme mixture contalnlng 4% Cellulase "Onozuka" RS, 1% Macerozyme R-10, 0.2% Pectolyase Y-23, 0.7M mannitol at pH 5.8 for 3∼4 hr, to liberate the protoplasts. The protoplasts in the modified 8p medium (KAO and MICHAYLUK 1975) divided within 7 days and formed cell clusters and subsequently colonies. The colonies were transferred to the medium of MURASHIGE and SKOOG (1962) supplemented with l-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and kinetin and solidified with agar. The calli thus fomed were again trans-ferred to the medium of MILLER (1963) with different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 6-benzyladenine (BA). After 1 month many adventitious buds were formed. The most suitable medium for the adventitious bud formation contained 1.5 mg/l IAA and 1, 5 mg/l BA. These adventitious buds developed to complete plantlets on the medium of NITSCH and NITSCH (1969) Iacking growth regulator.
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  • Kazunari NOMURA, Kenji ISHII
    1986 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 181-184
    Published: June 01, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Reactions of rice protoplasts to conidia and to mycelial components of blast fungus strains were investigated. Conidia germinated and the hyphae extended to form colonies without contact with protoplasts. Cell wall-rich components fractionated from cultured mycelia exerted a injurious effects on the protoplasts. The reaction was similar to that observed in the early stage of the infection of the inner epidermal cells of the leaf sheath.
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  • Takuro TAGUCHI, Toshiaki KAMEYA
    1986 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 185-189
    Published: June 01, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Protoplasts from leaf mesophyll cells of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) and chinese cabbage (B. catnpestris L.) were fused by dextran. Calli exhibiting vigorous growth were selected from the dextran treated protoplasts and plants were regenerated from them after about 3 months of culture. The data of plant and leaf morphology, chromosome number and acid phosphatase isozyme patterns indicate that these plants are interspecific hybrids. This is the first example of production of somatic hybrids between heading type vegetables.
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  • Hiroshi IKEHASHI
    1986 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 190-192
    Published: June 01, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Chao Hua HU
    1986 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 193-197
    Published: June 01, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Toyokazu HOSHI
    1986 Volume 36 Issue 2 Pages 198-201
    Published: June 01, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: May 16, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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