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Volume 46, Issue 3
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Hiroaki Kisaka, Mayumi Kisaka, Toshiaki Kameya1996 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 221-226
Published: September 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe production of the asymmetric hybrid plants between 5-methyltryptophan-resistant (5MT-resistant) O. sativa and 5MT-sensitive D. carota was reported previously. Al-though morphology of the somatic hybrid plants closely resembled that of the parental carrot plants, all of the somatic hybrids were resistant to 5MT. In the present study, we investigated the expression of resistance to 5MT in cells of these somatic hybrids. The calli induced from hybrid plants and their parents grew in medium that contained a high concentration of 5MT when those calli were supplied with anthranilic acid or tryptophan. However, chorismic acid was not effective in reducing the inhibition of celn growth by 5MT. The activities of anthranilate synthase and tryp-tophan synthetase of cells of the somatic hybrids and 5MT-resistant O. sativa were about 5 times and 2 times as high as those of cells of 5MT-sensitive D. carota, respectively. These results indicated that anthranilate synthase was involved in the mechanism of resistance to 5MT. However, anthranilate synthase activities of the somatic hybrids and 5MT-resistant O. sativa were quite sensitive to feedback inhibition by tryptophan, as was that of 5MT-sensitive D. carota. Northern hybridization using a gene for anthrani-late synthase as probe revealed that levels of expression of the gene in the somatic hybrids and 5MT-resistant O. sati-va were higher than that of 5MT-sensitive D. carota.View full abstractDownload PDF (1101K) -
Yoshiro Mano, Haruhiko Nakazumi, Kazuyoshi Takeda1996 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 227-233
Published: September 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of 6, 712 barley varieties and 368 isogenic lines were germinated in 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 % NaCl solution to select the salt tolerant varieties and to evaluate the effects of some major genes on salt tolerance. In general, the varieties from China and Korea were more tolerant than the varieties from Turkey and Japan. When the varieties were grouped by several agromorphological characters, the six-rowed, naked, Oriental type of nonbrittle rachis and non-uzu type groups were more tolerant than the two-rowed, covered, Occidental type and uzu or semi-brachytic type counterparts, respectively. Comparing between isogenic pairs, it was revealed that the six-rowed (v), naked (n) and nonuzu (UZ ) types were more tolerant than their counterparts. These findings indicated that v, n and uz genes affected salt tolerance. A high correlation between the reactions to NaCl and polyethylene glycol treatments revealed that salt stress on germination was mainly due to the osmotic stlress. Many of the highly salt tolerant varieties were Chinese six-rowed ones, while most of the highly sensitive varieties were from West Asia with two-rowed and black lemma. Some of the most tolerant varieties could germinate even in sea water. Salt tolerance at the germination stage was independent of the salt tolerance of seedl ingsView full abstractDownload PDF (855K) -
Kiyoyuki Miura, Hitoshi Araki1996 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 235-239
Published: September 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe conditions of low temperature treatuent for the induction of secondary dormancy in Kasalath seeds were investi-gated. Secondary dormancy was induced if the seeds kept imbibed at 10°C: and 15°C for more than 10 days, but not at 5°C for even 20 davs in Kasalath seeds. The effective temperatures for the induction of secondary dormancy ranged from 8°C to 19°C. As a result of screening of varieties for secondary dormancy in 81 varieties originating from Japan, China, Philippines, India, Korea, Italy, Romania, 8 varieties originating from India were found to have the ability to go through secondary dormancy. Secondary dormancy of dehusked seeds was induced by low temperature treatment (15°C, 16 days). The secondary dormancy of the dehusked seeds was broken by peeling of pericarp and testa and treatuent with a sodium hypochlorite solution (2.5%, 10 min). These results suggested that the pericarp and the testa played an important role in the induction of secondary dormancy at low temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (712K) -
Kaori Teramoto1996 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 241-243
Published: September 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simplified method for selection for eating quality in early generations of rice involved the deternrtination of the Mg/K ratio of brown rice by extraction with dilute hydrochloric acid (0.36 N) in several cultivars. Grains were extracted with hydrochloric acid for 60 minutes at room temperature, collected and washed immediately with distilled water. Ger-minability of grains after this procedure exceeded 80 %. Chemical analyses showed that 15-17 % of total K and 8-10 % of total Mg could be extracted by the proposed methodView full abstractDownload PDF (460K) -
K. N. Watanabe, M Orrillo, S Perez, J Crusadol, J A Watanabe1996 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 245-249
Published: September 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA yield trial was conducted with diploid potato breeding lines for three consecutive years to test whether these genetic resources could be suitable as diploid cultivars in contrast to the tetraploid cultivars. A plot size of 10 single hills/replication with three replications was employed using a completely randomized block design at Lima in an irrigated desert field. The trial was from 1991 to 1993 in "winter season" (June to September) at Lima with a growing period of ninety days. Single-hill means were used for a two-way analysis of variance for years and for genotypes. Although a variation existed among years, some diploid genotypes dernonstrated significantly higher yields than tetraploid check varieties. Considering ethnic attractiveness and potential for culinary quality as well as adaptation and yield components, some of the diploid breeding lines tested could be used as diploid cultivars to fulfill demands of local ethnic markets.View full abstractDownload PDF (880K) -
Koji Takahashi, Yukiko Mizuno, Setsuzo Yumoto, Keisuke Kitamura, Shige ...1996 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 251-255
Published: September 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe successfully induced a mutant soybean having a very low level of β-conglycinin. This mutant was characterized by the lack of the α - and α-subunits and by the low level of the β-subunit of β-conglycinin. We named this original mutant line 'T Iine'. In this paper, we report the mode of inheritance of the absence of the α-subunit and the genetic relationships among genes for the α-subunit and other subunits, including the α-subunit of β-conglycinin and the A4-subunit of glycinin. Eight crosses were made among the mutant 'T Iine' and other soybean lines producing the α-subunit. All the F1 seeds obtained from these crosses produced theα-subunit. The segregations for the presence or absence of the α-subunit were observed in the F2 seeds derived from the F1' Electrophoretic analyses of the F1 and F2 seeds revealed that the absence of the α-subunit was recessive to the presence and that the presence or absence of the α-subunit was controlled by a single allele.View full abstractDownload PDF (1071K) -
Motoyasu Otani, Takiko Shimada1996 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 257-260
Published: September 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSShoot apices of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) were cultured on LS medium containing 3 % (W/V) sucrose, 0.32 % (W/V) gellan gum and various concentrations (O, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 mg/l ) of eight kinds of auxins. More than 90 % of shoot apices from cv. Kokei 14 formed embryogenic callus on the medium containing 0.5 to I mg/l 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid (4 FA) or 1 mg/l 4-amin0-3, 5, 6-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (picloram). Genotypic differences in embryogenic callus formation were observed in eleven cultivars when their shoot apices were cultured on LS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l picloram. Numerous somati:c embryos were formed from embryogenic calli when the calli were transferred onto LS medium supplemented with 4 mg/l abscisic acid (ABA), and 1 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3)' Somatic embryos germinated on LS medium with 0.05 mg/l ABA.View full abstractDownload PDF (784K) -
Michio Kanbe, Hironori Koga, Fumihiro Fujimoto, Kenji Okumura, Kazuhik ...1996 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 261-268
Published: September 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSclerotinia crown and stem rot caused by Sclerotinia tri-foliorum Eriks. is a serious disease of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Alfalfa plants of all ages are susceptible to this disease, but the damage is most severe at the seedling stage. Two experiments were carried out to determine the critical seedling stage and growth conditions under which the resistance was expressed most strongly among varieties and strains of alfalfa. Infected tissues were observed cytologically in individuals of selected SR-strains and commercial varieties. They were inocu-lated with the cultured hyphae of two isolates, one from the Aichi field and the other from the Tochigi field. When alfalfa varieties and strains grown under the low temperature/short day regime were inoculated with Sclerotinia trzfoliorum, all of them showed low survival rates in younger plants less than 6-wk-old, but variable rates in 10-wk-old plants, and the 10-wk-old plants of selected strains survived better than commercial varieties.View full abstractDownload PDF (2359K) -
Kazuyoshi Takeda, Jiri Wu1996 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 269-274
Published: September 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInheritance of resistance to fusarium head b1ight wasanalysed using F1's from a set of 8×8(Table 2)and 6×6(Table 4)reciprocal diallel crosses and 101 topcross F1's crossed with a susceptible Ethiopian varietyand as well as 30 top cross F1's crossed with a moderately resistant Harbin 2-row. Spikes of the F1's and parents at flowering were inculated with a fusarium strain OUGZ 78 by the cutspike inoculation method developed by the authors.The inoculated spikes were kept under 25°C and 100% relative humidity conditions for two days, then under1323°C and 95% relative humidity conditions for sixdays. Percentage of infected florets was recorded onthe eighth day of incubation.The experiment was replicated twice.View full abstractDownload PDF (835K) -
Hideyuki Funatsuki, Galina N Suvorova, Kiyoshi Sekimura1996 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 275-277
Published: September 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe identified buckwheat plants with determinate growth habit in the populations of three Japanese lines including cultivars 'Kitawasesoba' and 'Kitayuki'. The general mor-phology of the variants from the two cultivars was normal, and the agronomic performance was broadly comparable to that of their parental lines. These variants are considered to be useful breeding materials for the improvement of Japanese buckwheat.View full abstractDownload PDF (952K) -
Hiroshi Tsunematsu, Atsushi Yoshimura, Yoshiaki Harushima, Yoshiaki Na ...1996 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 279-284
Published: September 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecombinant inbred (RI) Iines of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were developed from a cross of Asominori x IR24 by the single seed descent method. Seventy-one RI Iines of the F6 and F7 generations were used for RFLP mapping. RFLP framework map constructed using the RI lines covered a distance of 1275cM containing 375 markers. All the twelve linkage groups were assigned to their respective chromo-somes. The RI Iines showed a distorted segregation in some regions of chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 11 and 12. Heterozygous loci in the lines still remained. Average frequency of the heterozygous region was 3.6% with a range of O% - 19.3% in F6 and 1.9% with a range of O% - 5.5% in F7. The RFLP map corresponded well to the previous maps constructed using F2 populations (Saito et al. 1991, Kurata et al. 1994) and the two previous maps were integrated in detail. The RFLP framework map and RI Iines developed in this study will be useful for further accumulation of molecular markers and analysis of quantitative trait loci.View full abstractDownload PDF (977K) -
Kumi Oosato, Tomohiko Yoshida1996 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 295-301
Published: September 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA database G, f rice crossing records in Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center was developed using Prolog-KABA interpreter for a personal computer. A few ancestors constituted a great proportion of the genetic base of modern cultivars. Five ancestors contributed, collectively, more than 60 % and 7 ancestors contributed more than 70 % of the gene pool for lines developed by Fukuoka Agricultural Research Center (Table 1). 'Koshihikari' is a renowned bood eating quality cultivar and used extensively as a cross parent. Coefficients of parentage between Koshihikari and several cultivars or breeding lines were computed. Significant positive correlations between the coefficient of parentage and eating quality were found (Fig. 3, 4),View full abstractDownload PDF (901K) -
Tomohiko Ushiyama, Kunio Toriyama, Koichiro Tsunewaki, Shunji Nonaka, ...1996 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 303-306
Published: September 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevelopment of hybrid wheat has been unsuccessful despite over 30 years of research in which G type cytoplasm of Tritirum timopheevi was used as the source of malesterility. Alternatively, S' type cytoplasm of Aegilops kotschyi was proposed to be a promising candidate as the male-sterility source for hybrid wheat breeding. Nonaka et al. (1993) developed male-sterile lines of 13 cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum ) by a breeding schelrne which utilized the interaction between an S' type cytoplasm and a I BL-1 RS chromosome proposed by Toriyama et al. (1993).View full abstractDownload PDF (541K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...1996 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 307-308
Published: September 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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