The coefficients of earth pressure of dry sand
C0 and
C′0 was obtained by means of cyclic shear tests using Kjellman's type simple shear test apparatus fixed on a shaking table.
C0 was defined by the ratio of horizontal stresses to vertical stresses, developed in sand during cyclic shear, and
C′0 the ratio of minor or intermediate principal stress to major principal stresses. It was found that
C0 and
C′0 increased with increasing the horizontal seismic coefficient
kh, and
C0 in shear direction was 1.2-1.5 times as large as
C0 in the direction perpendicular to that up to
kh=0.4. It was also found that the internal friction angle of sand φ′ decreased by 2.5° with increasing
kh by 0.1.
For the case of liquefaction tests on saturated sand, the variations of
C0 and
C′0 with number of cycles were presented.
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