The purpose of this paper is to explain the influence of time constraints on business trips associated with the decision of departure time, the choice of travel pattern related to trip chaining, and the choice of trip making time restricted by destination facilities. It is obtained that five kinds of industries are classified into three groups based on the type of time constraints to decide departure time. The numerical relation between the travel pattern and the travel allowance time is developed, and the effect of changing office hours on business trips is investigated by using this relation. Finally it is explained empirically that the time variance of travel demand depends on the land use intensity.

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It is well recognized that traffic safety is an important evaluation item in urban road network. But few studies have dealt with traffic safety of road network. Therefore, this paper deales with safety evaluation system of urban road network and its plannings.
Firstly, in order to improve the accuracy of safety evaluation models, we decompose network into links and nodes, classify them into some groups based on multivariate analysis, and estimate safety evaluation models by groups. Secondly, the estimates by each models are sum up, and then the safety on network is made clear.
As a result of applying observed data to the safety evaluation system, reproductions of the models by groups are recognized. Finally, an example of network planning is shown, and the developed evaluation system is applied to it. From these results, we are able to evaluate the enfluences of road and transportation policies on road traffic safety.

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This paper proposes a model for describing the behavior of travellers who are not externally constrained in deciding their travel schedules in a day. The model assumes that every traveller decides his departure time from home and leaving time for home as to minimize the sum of disutilities given by the shortness of stay at the destination, coming and returning travels, earlines of departure, and lateness of arrival at home. The model provides the distributions of departure time and leaving time for home for every origin-destination pair. The model was applied to the recreational trips by cars to a National Goverment Park in Fukuoka where the disutilities of coming travel and lateness of arrival at home are not affectual, and it was revealed that the model gave reasonable results.

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The theoretical literature on social welfare judgement has always been concerned with the determination of common decision criteria that integrate, in some way or another, the different preferences of participating individuals. The aggregation problem has become a fundamental subject in the formal analysis of the welfare assessment of public utility systems. In planning terms, the aggregation problem can be formulated as the problem of deriving a social welfare ordering among planning alternatives. The major purpose of this paper is to discuss the specific conditions and axioms underlying various kinds of welfare assessment models, and to give a critical review of that part of social welfare theory which has strong ethical implications for the public/private provision of public utilities.

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Traffic safety planning on urban expressway becomes important problem. Three methods to obtain better combination of countermeasures within certain budget were already proposed. They all have mathematical crisp formulation. On the contrary, fuzziness in actual economical evaluation should be considered for advanced traffic safety planning. Some application of fuzzy set theory will be shown in this study. Fuzzy budget constraints are used for modification of Incremental Benefit-Cost Analysis and Dynamic Programming Approach. For further investigation, fuzzy benefit coefficients are also discussed to obtain and display more actual alternatives.

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Rail corrugation is one of the most serious problems of modern railway tracks, which may cause prompt destruction of tracks. This paper presents theoretically a generation mechanism of rail corrugation at curved tracks having short radius based on rolling-slipping dynamics of running wheels. Self-oscillated torsional vibration of wheel-shaft system of vehicle results from rolling-slipping friction between wheel and rail, and it can cause the rail corrugation.

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The objective of this paper is to develop a knowledge-based computer system for zoning in land use planning. Two main problems are discussed. One is how to acquire knowledge from planning experts and represent them in the form of IF-THEN rules, and the other is how to obtain the final conclusion by utilizing them. The rules are obtained efficiently and objectively based on “knowledge structure graph” which is prepared by DEMATEL method. A new model for fuzzy inference using obtained rules is developed by modifying the Mamdani method in order to simulate human inference mechanism more appropriately. A practical application of developed system is given and its applicability is discussed.

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This paper proposes a new definition of the residential relocation benefits derived from the transport project and constructs a model to measure the benefits within the context of the random residential location theory so as to be consistent with the location forecast. Define the households' utility function as the Gorman form, and the benefits by applying the concept of Equivalent Variation to the expected value of maximum utility. Applying the second approximation by the Taylor expansion around the condition without the project, as the result, it shows that the defined residential relocation benefits could be approximated to the consumers' surplus concerning with the changes of generalized transport cost and land rent.

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In Japan the land price has influenced each other in urban space strongly in last several years. As existing theories of land price which are based on the utility maximization theory, lack the aspect of dynamic and spatial interaction of land price. the rapid changing process of land price in Japan can not be explained well.
In this paper, the new concept of spatial relationships table of land price is introduced to explain the interaction in time and space dimensions. This table has the similar structure to the dynamic input-output table. The fundamental formulae of the behavior of land price are shown as the simultaneous difference equations.

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A schedule planning such as PERT can find out optimal solution for a given network. This paper discusses the optimization method together with some related techniques which involves a determination of a network itself based on the optimal network planning. Spatial intervention between activities is defined as a fact that will occur when a number of activities need to be carried out in a same site. It was found that the travelling salesperson problem can be applicable to determine the predecessor-successor-relationship among those activities.
The optimal solution was found using the method for the network having various spatial interference.

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In fire fighting planning fire engines, firemen and water are three basic elements. This paper deals with water supply planning for building fire in urban area. The purpose is to reconsider and reconstruct of the water supply standard for building fire. First, fire spreading and suppression was discussed. For the urban area has been changed since 1976, when the standard of water supply by Fire Defense Agency of Japan was improved. Then, the national standard was checked and new one is proposed by using authors' fire spread model and new stand points. In addition, real fire data of Kobe City were analyzed and it shows that the proposed standard is rational.

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For effective noise abatement against road traffic noise, it is necessary to establish the precise calculation method of sound power level. This paper proposes a new method for calculating sound power level radiated from a single vehicle which starts from a special place, such as a signalized intersection and a toll-booth on a toll road. There are several reports which give sound power level radiated from a starting vehicle. Though the reports are useful, the factors influencing the sound power level have not been clarified yet. But using the calculation method proposed in this paper, one can consider how the factors, such as vehicle types, engine maximum power, load capacity, vehicle running weight, gradient of road, vehicle operation of a driver, and so on, influence the sound power level.

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This paper proposes a traffic assignment method employing the concept of network decomposition and continuum approximation. The whole network is decomposed into many small elements and the detailed network in each element is aggregated and approximated as a continuum. Each element is altered by a hypothetic link, and the relation between average travel time and traffic volume through an element is described by element performance function. Using this approximation, the scale of concerned network is reduced and the calculation cost of the User Equilibrium assignment can be greatly saved. Numerical examples show the stability of the estimated parameters of the element performance function and the availability of the proposed approximation method.

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The conventional procedures used to determine highway sizing are normally based on the identification of design-hour volume, which is commonly the 30th highest hourly volume (HHV), and the assumption that the K-factor (the ratio of the 30th HHV to the annual average daily traffic (AADT)) remains constant over time. This paper presents a method to predict directly a ranked hourly volume distribution (RHVD) by combining a ranked daily volume distribution and a distribution of ranked hourly coefficients (average hourly volume expressed as a percentage of the AADT). Then, design-hour volume will be determined as the 30th HHV of the estimated RHVD. The analysis and estimation of RHVD also reveal a causal reason why a knee of curve occurs in the region at or near the 30th HHV, and why the K-factor actually decreases over time.

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Although it becomes difficult for every city to operate bus service by increasing motorization, there are some opinions to doubt the justice of public subsidy and to point out institutional restraints in Japan.
In this paper, the situation and reason which make the public subsidy inevitable, is discussed enough. And then, a method of practicing subsidies overcoming these restrictions is considered. Consequently a measurement named the route-potential is introduced and defined. Using this measurement, we can distinguish the bus route which may be subsidized, and manage the productivity under the subsidized system.
This calculation is applied in each bus route in Nagoya and usefulness of this measurement is confirmed.

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The objective of this paper is to develop a computer aided design system for land readjustment planning. The system consists of three subsystems. The subusystems are for block configuration design, replotting design and estimation of land parcel value respectively.
The characteristics of the system are:
optimization techniq ues incorporated for making design alternatives, man-machine systern for improving design alternatives interactively, fuzzy expert system for evaluating them and a spatial database based on GIS (Geographical Information System) for managing land information. Binary tree model for representing the relative position of land parcels is proposed for effectively supporting replotting design process. The practicality of the system is demonstrated through a case study using the prototype.

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The construction of Osaka Port was one of the big projects in the frame of modernization of Japan in the Meiji era. Before that time, the former Osaka Port was located at the riverside of Aji River, the main stream of several branches entering the mouth of Yodo River. In this situation, the function of the port had been interfered by the sediment of Yodo River. Therefore the improvement plan of Osaka Port was strongly related with Yodo River and eventually aimed to change the situation with Yodo River. Besides it was noteworthy that the western civil engineers, R. H. Brunton from Scotland, C. J. Van Doom, J. de Rijke and others from the Netherlands, investigated and planned the project of Osaka Port improvement. Finally, based on de Rijke's plan, the new Osaka Port was separated from Yodo River and constructed as seaport.

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The national government has carried out projects for flood control since “the River Act” was enacted in 1896, when Yodo River improvement work started. The civil engineer, who mainly made the plan and led the work was Dr. Tadao Okino. But Mr Johannis de Rijke, who was a Dutchman engaged by the national government of Japan, had already investigated Yodo River to make the plan. In this report, the comparison between the idea of Okino and that of de Rijke was studied. Okino adopted the peak flood discharge proposed by de Rijke as design flood discharge. Besides the floodway plan in the lower part of the basin in Osaka Prefecture was laid by de Rijke. However we found the large difference between the two plans. That was how to deal with the retarding basin in the middle part and Biwa Lake in the upper part of the basin. Okino constructed the intake weir in the channel out of Biwa Lake and changed the retarding basin into the protected lowland.

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