Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. C (Geosphere Engineering)
Online ISSN : 2185-6516
ISSN-L : 2185-6516
Volume 76, Issue 4
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
Paper (In Japanese)
  • Yoshitoshi MOCHIZUKI
    2020 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 331-339
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     In this paper, first by some laboratory odor tests, it became clear that bottom mud odor of fishing ports and drainage stations that contain a lot of organic rot components is mainly due to the hydrogen sulfide odor of the bottom mud itself and due to the ammonia odor by highly alkaline ground improvement material, and their concentrations were found to be strongly correlated with pH. The following became clear that the optimum pH range for the maximum deodorizing effect of improved mud by PS ash should be within the weak alkali range and the addition of ferrous sulfate was effective in deodorizing. In addition, the results of the confirmed odor test on site improved the odor control function effect by reduction of PS ash adding the curing period and finally the utilization results were obtained.

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  • Yuji TAKESHITA, Yusuke TORIGOE
    2020 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 340-349
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: October 20, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     It is important to measure and predict seepage flow behavior in river levees in order to estimate the state of seepage failure in river levees. In this paper, a quasi-real-time prediction method of the water level of the foundation of the levee is proposed using a learned artificial neural network model based on the water level changes of the river and the foundation of the levee in the event of a flood. For this purpose, the changes in the measured water levels of the river and the foundation of the levee were trained by an artificial neural network model using deep learning method during past flood events. The usefulness and validity of the proposed water level prediction method were verified by using actual water levels measured at two first-class river levees at four flood events.

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  • Shinichi ITO, Kazunari SAKO, Ryosuke KITAMURA, Yoshiteru KANEMARU, Kaz ...
    2020 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 350-362
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     This study aimed to estimate seepage analysis models combining measurement data of soil column test and data assimilation by the merging particle filter, and to discuss predicted performance of the estimated models. Concerning two types of materials with different particle sizes, the estimated models learning the measurement data of 30 days could predict soil moisture conditions after a few months later with enough accuracy. As a consequence, the data assimilation of seepage analysis model using merging particle filter was available to predict future soil moisture conditions.

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  • Takamitsu SASAKI, Naoaki SUEMASA, Shunsuke SHIMADA
    2020 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 374-393
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     It is well known that the strength of sand improved by chemical grouting is influenced by many factors including the type of base resin, silica concentration, soil grain and density. Although the strength is several to several tens of times larger than that of the silica hydrogel, the mechanism for increasing the strength has not been clarified. In this paper, a new proposal was made on the strength mechanism in which the volumetric shrinkage of silica hydrogel in sand offers confining pressure to the sand skeletons. In order to prove the validity of the mechanism, a series of unconfined compression strength tests, splitting tensile strength tests and elastic wave tests were carried out. Furthermore, the strength development of the improved soil was estimated by equations proposed on the basis of the mechanism.

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  • Yoichi YOSHIZU, Kyosuke ISEKI, Hirotaka ISEKI, Shinichiro NAKASHIMA, K ...
    2020 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 394-404
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     The Modified GIN method which arranged the mix proportion of the grouting material, the injected pressure and the amount of the injected grouting material and considered as the safety and the quality assurance has been developed and employed at a construction site. In order to evaluate the grouting performance through Modified GIN method, in this research, CT images of borehole core samples are taken through both medical X ray CT and μ-focus X ray CT and are analyzed. Based on the CT images, it is confirmed that the grouting material are filled into the aperture of fracture. In the wide aperture, it is also confirmed that the filling grouting material consists of some layers. In the actual construction, the low density grouting material was injected in the first step, and then the high density grouting material was injected if the proposed injected pressure was not arrived in the first step. It is thought, therefore, that the CT images show the good agreement with the actual construction process.

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  • Takeshi KOKADO, Daisaku SUDA, Yuzo AKASHI
    2020 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 405-410
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     This study aims to build a strength prediction model for dredged soils improved by basic oxygen furnace slag. The mechanism for improving the strength of dredged soils is considered that amorphous silica in dredged soils and portlandite in basic oxygen furnace slag dissolve, and H4SiO4(aq) and Ca++ form calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). Based on this hypothesis, equations to calculate reaction mass of C-S-H are proposed. The relationship between calculated reaction mass of C-S-H and uniaxial compressive strength of improved soils cured for 91 days shows a good correlation.

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  • Mitsuru YAMAZAKI, Toshinori SAKAI
    2020 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 411-428
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: December 20, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     Since the tensile load of a ground anchor (hereinafter anchor) is known to gradually decrease over time unless acted upon by an unanticipated external load, the residual tensile load is one indicator for evaluating the integrity of the anchor during maintenance. The decrease in tensile load is thought to be affected by the geological features of the slope where the anchor was constructed, among other geological conditions, but the relationship between the two is not well understood.

     This paper therefore investigates the effect of geological conditions on the decrease in tensile load in anchors in many slopes. The relationship between the tensile load after installation, as obtained by measurement using load cells installed on the anchor and the result of lift-off tests, and the rock classification (representing the geological conditions) along the free length of anchor was investigated. The results show that decreases in tensile load and differences between the maximum and minimum residual tensile load, and unevenness of residual tensile load become larger in the order of rock classifications.

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  • Riki SUEZAWA, Ryunosuke KIDO, Yasuo SAWAMURA, Makoto KIMURA
    2020 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 429-440
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: December 20, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     It is considered that the soft layer under the support layer affects the vertical bearing capacity of the pile when the pile is supported by a thin layer with small support layer thickness below the tip of the pile. It is therefore important to understand the influence of bearing layer thickness on the vertical bearing capacity of pile and ground deformation in order to clarify the bearing mechanism of pile supported by a thin layer. In this study, the model ground with different support layer thickness was prepared, and the indentation test and X-ray CT imaging were carried out under an isotropic confining pressure. The influence of the different support layer thickness on the vertical bearing capacity of the pile was examined from the viewpoint of the ground displacement and strain distributions calculated by a digital image correlation method. It was found that when the thickness of the support layer was three times the pile diameter, the ground deformation during the pile indentation was almost limited to the inside of the support layer. On the other hand, when the thickness of the support layer was the same as the pile diameter, the vertical bearing capacity was lowered by extending the ground deformation to the soft layer from the early stage of the indentation.

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  • Shinya INAZUMI, Shuichi KUWAHARA, Ken-ichi SHISHIDO
    2020 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 441-452
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: December 20, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     In recent years, demolition of incompatible structures is increasing under those for the aging of a large number of social infrastructures constructed during the period of high economic growth, the decrease in the use of social infrastructures including residential housing and housing condominiums due to the population decline, and the disaster prevention standards triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake. As a result, the number of construction works for extracting and removing existing piles is increasing. In the process of pulling out existing piles, it is difficult to achieve uniform backfilling over the entire depth of the pulling holes by pouring and injecting the filler from the upper part of the existing pile pulling holes.

     In this study, an evaluation is carried out using MPS-CAE, from the design and manufacture of developed spiral agitation method to the agitation mechanism and performance of the method in the existing pile pulling out hole. As a result, the backfilling process of the existing pile pulling out holes was reproduced by MPS-CAE, and the three layers of drilling mud, drilling mud + filler, and filler were uniformly stirred and mixed in approximately 10 minutes by the spiral stirring method.

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Technical Report (In Japanese)
  • Mitsu OKAMURA, Naoko JIN-NOUCHI, Tetsuji ONO, Tsuyoshi OOYABU, Shutaro ...
    2020 Volume 76 Issue 4 Pages 363-373
    Published: 2020
    Released on J-STAGE: November 20, 2020
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     River levees suffer occasionally from damage during flooding in the form of backward erosion piping within or below the levees. It is invisible to current methods of inspection until it manifests itself at the exterior surface. Therefore, there is strong needs to develop techniques that can identify internal damage.

     This report describes detailed investigation on the left bank levee of Hiji River where significant sand boiling and subsidence of the levee slope were observed during a flooding event in July 2018, with a focus on the mechanism of sand boiling and progress of piping. Dynamic cone penetration tests were conducted at small intervals, both in vertically and horizontally, and a large pit was excavated to expose soil sections to identify the fundamental mechanism of the damage to the levee. A digital elevation map with a good resolution and accuracy confirms the area where backward erosion piping affected.

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