The castle town of Osaka had unique urban fabric composed of well-developed infrastructure, such as streets, waterways and drainage. However, the principles of the design of the castle town have not been fully understood.
 The purpose of this study was to understand the principles of the design of Ue-machi district in the castle town of Osaka. In this study, first of all, the new methodology of the quantitative analysis to understand the principles by using modern surveying maps has been shown. Then, applying the methodology, standards and modules of block layouts, design units, and the process of the development in Ue-machi District in the castle town of Osaka has been understood.

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 During the Edo period, the Tokugawa Shogunate used two river improvement technologies, named "Kantou-ryu" and "Kishu-ryu". "Kishu-ryu" was developed in "Kishu" (the old name for Wakayama Prefecture). In the northern part of Wakayama Prefecture, the Kinokawa River flowed towards the west, and also created the river terraces. The purpose of this study was to find the origin of the "Kishu-ryu" technology and to research the development of the irrigation water systems on the upper and middle Kinokawa River basins from the end of the 11^th century to the middle of the Edo period. The water used for irrigation on the Kinokawa River basins before the Edo period was taken from a small-scale weir across the branch rivers or from man-made ponds.
 In conclusion, small-scale development of the irrigational water technologies was introduced by the manorial systems during the Medieval Japan. Subsequently, these systems disappeared gradually by the 16^th century. At the end of the 16^th century, the irrigation ponds were constructed and repaired by one of the Buddhist priests, named "Saint Ougo". In the Edo period after "Saint Ougo", large-scale irrigation canals and the embankments along the Kinokawa River were constructed by the Kishu clan. On this historical development, this paper found that the irrigational systems of the reclaimed rice fields on the Kinokawa River basins have changed from the development of cross direction into the large-scale development of parallel direction along the Kinokawa River.

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 Essentially, natural scenery area plan must include scenery conservation and utilization as well as natural conservation, actually however, it is said that natural scenery area plan leans much toward natural conservation. So this study aims to focus on Seiroku Honda who has a major thinking about "utilization of scenery" in the Japanese national park's formation stage and clarify Honda's idea about the utilization of natural scenery by analyzing his "the Use of Scenic Landscapes". As a result, following three points are clarified. 1) Honda has four ideas in the base of each plans. 2) scenic landscape as resources in Honda's own ideas. 3) there was some conflict between modification ways and landscape resources.

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 The location planning of government office buildings proposed in January 1885 by Josiah Conder was the first which had Kasumigaseki as a central government district and Hibiya as a park, and has great significance in the history of modern city planning. There is very little research on Conder's planning, however. Little is known about the events leading up to the planning, or Conder's planning intentions. Using several historical documents that are not yet public knowledge, this study tackled these issues for the first time, revealing a number of things, including the following: 1)The undertaking of location planning of government office buildings by the Dajokan (Grand Council of State) and Conder's appointment were both decided upon as a result of a proposal made in April 1884 to the Grand Minister of State by Kaoru Inoue, Minister of State. 2) Conder's plans included two proposals; Plan No.1 and No.2. Condor's own intention was to concentrate most of the government office buildings on land in the western side of the Hibiya Parade Ground and the Military School and Barracks, and to make the eastern side of the Hibiya Parade Ground into a large park due to its inferior geological features. This was Plan No.2.

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 Castle towns in the modern era had unique urban fabric composed of well-developed infrastructure, such as streets, waterways and drainage. These elements have long interested researchers in the fields of urban history, architectural history and others. However, the principles of the design of the castle town have not been fully understood. Therefore, there has been a growing request to perform research on it in the field of history of civil engineering from the viewpoint of the infrastructure alignment of streets, waterways, drainage and others.
 The purpose of this study was to understand the design principles of downtown in the castle town of Osaka and Edo. In this study, first of all, the new methodology of the quantitative analysis to understand the design principles by using modern surveying maps has been shown. Then, based on the authors' previous research achievements, the design principles of downtown in Osaka and Edo have been reconsidered. Furthermore, characteristics of each design principles have been clarified by comparing Osaka with Edo.

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 The Faculty of Engineering of The Fifth High School and Kumamoto Higher Technical School are the predecessor to The Faculty of Engineering of Kumamoto University. These were the technical schools established in 1897 and 1906 of the Meiji era. The students in these schools were taught high technical knowledge and given the degree "the associate engineer." The first, these schools were ranked among the civil engineering and the ratio of the associate engineers were showed. The second, the course and the office of the graduates from these schools were constructed of database and the main office was showed the local government. The last, the graduates employed in there were extracted from database and analyzed the employment situation. Finally, the roles of them were deliberated in civil engineering under modernization in Japan.

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 Sumida-Gawa Bridge on the Joban Line (200ft truss of the Old Egasaki Over Bridge) was one of the earliest steel bridges constructed in relatively early year after steel had been adopted for wrought iron. When the 200ft trusses were demolished after 70 year life of road bridge converted from original railway bridge, the material was tested. It is known that the 200ft truss was fabricated by Andrew Handyside & Co. of England and exported to Japan. Regarding the material, however a steel work of Scotland was specified by carved seal on the surface of truss members which were found during the reuse-fabrication. In this paper, early steel bridge technology is studied by examining the knowledge supplied from reuse-fabrication and original literature on materials and fabricators in the latter half of 19^th century. As a results of this study, understanding on contemporary steel for structural purpose and engineering judgement in the background of changing materials from wrought iron to steel is clarified.

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 The authors have proceeded the entire survey of civil engineering heritage in Japan constructed before and including Edo era since 2007 by means of (1) accumulation of data, (2) field survey and (3) open web, in which the intrinsic value of each heritage has been judged as a trial whereas the degree of preservation has been already judged definitely. The delay of the former valuation basis depends on the difficulty of accumulation of data and corresponding literature search. The authors have judged recently that we has reached the necessary level to make a new valuation basis since five years has passed, and have tried to make them for road heritage especially wayposts, cho-stones and night lights. The authors also indicate various kinds of indexical backdata for the judgement of heritage.

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 This study identifies the "blank time period for civil engineering projects" that existed in Japan from the 9^th century to the 11^th century, peaking in the 10^th century. The most influential underlying factor for this period is thought to be the collapse of the Ritsuryo state in the 10^th century. Another more direct cause was the existence of the ideology of "Bon-do (the onmyodo idea of avoiding digging or moving soil so as not to be cursed by the earth god)" that was widely held among the Heian Aristocrats in the 10^th and 11^th centuries. This study shows that this ideology had an influence on the "blank time period for civil engineering projects." However, this does not mean that no civil engineering projects were undertaken during this blank time period; some projects were carried out as welfare work by Buddhist priests.

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 An object of this study is the old Akiha road located along the southern parts of the Akaishi Mountains in Sizuoka Prefecture. The old Akiha road between Hamamatsu city in Enshu and Iida city in Shinshu had been utilized by people for the purposes of making a pilgrimage, megalithic faith, transporting obsidian since the primitive age, practicing the mountaineering asceticism, operating the military activities in the warlike age, transporting salt from coastal area to mountainous area and so on. Through the investigation of literature, site reconnaissance and hearing, the formation process and the historical functions of the old Akiha road were studied, including the situation in medieval times or before. As the results, it was elucidated that the oldest road between two cities had located over the Hyoukoshi Pass, the road routes had the lowering trend from mountainside to riverside, and the historical functions of old Akiha road were the passage for transportation of various kinds of goods and human being, faith and culture.

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