The purposes of this study were to select useful questionnaire items when measuring mental toughness in water polo players through an examination of item analysis, and to determine the reliability of reselected items based on Cronbach's α-coefficient. It was assumed that a hypothetical structure of mental toughness consists of 17 sub-domains. A survey composed of 102 items representing each sub-domain (6 items) was administered to competitive water polo players. 　In the examination results of internal consistency and good-poor analyses, 3 items were eliminated and 99 items were reselected as useful items. Inter-consistency (factor validity) by component analysis and reliability by Cronbach's α-coefficient were examined according to each domain. Although all domains had high reliability coefficients of 0.70 or over, items with a low validity were also confirmed. Next, considering practicability, four items with higher validity were selected from each domain, factor validity and reliability were examined again. It was confirmed that all items have high validity and reliability. Sixty-eight items finally selected are considered to be useful questionnaire items to measure mental toughness of water polo players. From now, it will be necessary to select useful items considering an examination of factorial structure of mental toughness.

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There are very few reports on the changes with age in BMI and Rohrer index, and little discussion on the relationship between the age-related changes in these two indices and the age at menarche. In the present study, we applied the wavelet interpolation method (WIM) to changes with age in BMI and the Rohrer index between the first year of elementary school and the third year of high school. We then analyzed the age-distance curve of BMI and the Rohrer index. From the results we identified the age at maximum peak velocity of BMI and the lowest point on the trough of the Rohrer index. By verifying the relationship with age at menarche, we investigated whether the MPV of BMI and the lowest trough point of the Rohrer index were valid as biological parameters. The subjects were 102 university students at a women's university in the Tokai region of Japan, who completed a questionnaire regarding age at menarche and level of exercise. Longitudinal growth information for height and weight were obtained from school health check records from the first year of elementary school until the third year of high school (from 1987 to 1998). BMI and the Rohrer index were calculated from height and weight values for these years, and the WIM was applied to the distances of the BMI and Rohrer index in these school years. Curves showing the changes with age in BMI and the Rohrer index were drawn with the WIM, and the age at MPV of BMI was identified from the peak velocity curve, which for BMI is the differential curve. With regard to the Rohrer index, the lowest trough point was identified from the age-distance curve. It was seen that the age at menarche and the age at MPV of BMI were nearly the same. It was also indicated that the interval between the age at MPV of BMI and the age at menarche was nearly 0. The mean difference between the lowest trough point of the Rohrer index and the age at menarche was 0.7 ± 1.00, with menarche occurring at about 0.7 years before the lowest trough point of the Rohrer index. Therefore, we conjecture that these two indices are valid biological parameters, with age at MPV of BMI indicating the critical period for age of menarche, and the lowest trough point of the Rohrer index the inflection point of internal body density.

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本研究は，老齢前期マウスの腹腔マクロファージ機能，特にグルコース消費能，ライソゾーム酵素（酸性ファスファターゼ活性：APH，β-グルクロニダーゼ活性：GLU），細胞質酵素（乳酸脱水素酵素活性：LDH）およびリポ多糖（LPS）刺激に対する一酸化窒素（NO）産生能とインターロイキン-1β（IL-1β）産生能に及ぼす自発走運動の影響について検討した。BALB/c系，12ヶ月齢，雄マウスを運動群と対照群との2群に区分し，実験を行った。運動は，回転ケージを用いた自由運動を週３日，８週間実施した。運動群の腹腔マクロファージのグルコース消費能および細胞内酵素のGLU活性とLDH活性は，対照群と比較して高い値を示し有意差が認められた。対照群と比較して，運動群のLPS刺激に対するマクロファージのNO産生量およびIL-1β産生量は有意に高い値を示した。以上の結果から，自発走運動は，老齢前期マウスのマクロファージ機能向上に寄与する可能性が考えられた。

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３年間の継続運動が身体障害者にどのような影響をもたらすのかについて検討した．被検者は，骨形成不全，脳性麻痺及び頸髄損傷である．被検者には，１週間から10日の頻度でそれぞれの疾患レベルに適した運動処方を３年間継続して行った．いずれの被検者についても，３年目に心拍数と酸素摂取量及び主観的運動強度との間に相関関係が認められた．従って３年間の継続運動によって，各身体障害者の呼吸循環器系機能は改善された． 　本研究は，平成14年度〜16年度の日本学術振興会科学研究費基盤研究（C-2），課題番号14580051の助成を受けて行った研究成果の一部である．

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本研究では，最大握力（MVC）に基づく相対的要求値、つまり50%, 75%, および100% MVCを要求値として維持する方法を用いて，間欠的な反復的把握作業（IRG）による力—低下特性の違いと作業中もしくは作業後（回復期）における主観的筋疲労感（SMS）および血中乳酸濃度（La）との関係を検討することを目的とした．10名の若年男子が３種類の要求値による６分間のIRGを行った．最大握力値とLaは，IRG前，終了直後，終了４分後および７分後に測定された．前腕のSMSはIRG中と回復期に30秒ごとに測定した．平均発揮力量は，発揮開始後150秒まで50％MVCが75％MVCより小さかったが，270-300秒後は50％MVCが100％MVCより大きかった．30秒ごとの平均発揮力量とSMSの交互相関係数はいずれの要求値においても-0.89以上と非常に高かった．75%MVCと100%MVC要求値のIRG後のLaは50％MVCよりも高い傾向にあった．いずれの要求値においても，最大握力値とLaの回復率には有意差は認められなかった．結論として，IRGによる力—低下特性とIRG中のSMSは，要求値によって異なる．IRGにおいて50％MVC要求値の発揮力量は，要求値が定常状態の値に近いのでほとんど低下しない． 50％MVC以下の要求値は持久力テストとして有効ではないと考えられる．

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