教育医学
Online ISSN : 2434-9127
Print ISSN : 0285-0990
53 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1~7を表示しています
  • Yoshinori NAGASAWA, 出村 慎一
    2007 年 53 巻 2 号 p. 175-183
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2021/10/27
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
     本研究の目的は,正弦波形と疑似ランダム波形による筋力発揮調整能(Controlled Force Exertion:CFE)の年代差および個人差を明らかにすることであった.20〜86歳の右利きの成人男性180名(Age 45.8±18.6 yrs)は,パソコンのディスプレイ上に出現する正弦波形と疑似ランダム波形表示を用いて変動要求値に最大下の握力発揮値を一致させた.疑似ランダム波形は振幅π,周期π/2毎に変動する形式であった(ピークおよび平均周波数は両表示法とも0.1Hz).被験者は,両CFEテストを練習1試行後,1分の休憩を挟み,利手を用いて3試行行った(1試行は40秒間).測定順序はランダムに割り当てた.テストの評価変量として,25秒間の要求値と筋力発揮値とのズレの総和を用いた.測定値は正弦波形および疑似ランダム波形とも,年代が増加する毎に一定の増加傾向を示した.有意な直線回帰が確認された(r2SW=0.83, r2RW=0.89)が,両者の増加率に有意差はなかった.分散分析の結果,70歳以上を除き正弦波形と疑似ランダム波形の平均値間に有意差が認められず,両者とも50歳代以降と20歳代との間の平均値の差が拡大した.個人差も両表示法間でほぼ同程度であった(CVSW=24.1〜42.1, CVRW=22.9〜41.8).正弦波形および疑似ランダム波形ともにCFEテストの成績は年代の増加と共に同様な低下傾向を示し,50歳代以降は低下度が著しい.加齢に伴う個人差の変動も正弦波形と疑似ランダム波形でほぼ同程度である.  本研究は,独立行政法人日本学術振興会科学研究費補助金若手研究(B)(課題番号13780048および17700476)の助成を受けて行った研究成果の一部である.
  • 松田 繁樹, 出村 慎一, 春日 晃章, 青木 宏樹, 池本 幸雄
    2007 年 53 巻 2 号 p. 184-193
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2021/10/27
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
     This study aimed to examine gender and age differences in the contact area of the soles of the feet and its relationship with physique in 170 healthy preschool children aged 3 to 6 years. They stood on the instrument (Pedoscope) with their bare feet in a standing posture, while closely gazing at a fixed object located 2 meters in front of them. During standing, the contact surface area of the soles of their feet was pictured and recorded. Gross foot length, foot length (the length taken the toe length from the gross foot length), gross foot area, foot area (the area taken the toe area from the gross foot area), and the upper part of the foot width grow with age and have close relationships with growth of height and weight. However, each toe area and toe length hardly grow. The upper part of the foot width grows with age and the contact area of the soles of the feet changes into the form of an inverted trapezoid with high stability. Gross foot area, foot area, and the middle part of the foot width are larger in boys than in girls, but the difference is not large.
  • 藤井 勝紀, 春日 晃章, 花井 忠征
    2007 年 53 巻 2 号 p. 194-204
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2021/10/27
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
     Definite findings as to the seasonal variation in height among preschool children have not been reported. Therefore, the present study was to verify the relationship between seasonal variation and monthly pattern of growth in height based on analyzing age (month) at LPV (Local Peak Velocity) detected on the velocity curve of the monthly pattern of growth by applying the wavelet interpolation method (WIM) to the monthly pattern of growth in the height of preschool children. The WIM was applied to the longitudinal monthly pattern of growth in height for one year in seventy-five year-old boys and sixty-eight five year-old girls. The obtained monthly pattern of growth distance curve was then differentiated, and the LPVs were detected from the derived velocity curve. The appearance pattern of LPV detected for one year, age (month) at LPV and at maximum LPV were analyzed. As a result, the appearance pattern of LPV often appears in three places and four places in boys and girls. The appearance time of LPV was around May, July-August and December in boys and girls. The appearance time of maximum LPV was around May and July-August. Therefore, though the promotion of growth was shown in summer as a seasonal variation of height, on the other hand, the inherited monthly pattern of growth in height was estimated. However, it is difficult to judge whether the pattern is of a seasonal variation or inherited growth.
  • 金 憲経, 吉田 英世, 鈴木 隆雄
    2007 年 53 巻 2 号 p. 205-214
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2021/10/27
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
     We evaluated the effects of a 3-month exercise program in reducing risk factors of falls in determined care level of assistance required under the long-term care insurance program. A pamphlet containing information on “Fall Prevention Exercise Classes” was mailed to 185 potential participants with assistance required. Thirty five agreed to join the exercise classes. For a 12-week intervention period, participants received exercise program twice a week focused on improving muscle strength, balance, and walking ability. Outcome measures included physical fitness, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) index score, and fear of falling. The research protocol was approved by the institutional review board of TMIG, and informed consent was obtained from each participant. Of participants, 65% perceived that they were able to walk stably, and 60.0% were confident that they were able to prevent falling by themselves. The maximum walking speed increased significantly from 1.14±0.46 m/s at baseline to 1.39±0.47 m/s after intervention (improved 21.4%, P<0.001), and knee extension power increased from 17.67±6.01 kg at baseline to 23.57±8.49 kg after 3-month exercise program (increased 33.4%, P<0.001). The percentage of fear of falling was significantly decreased from 90.5% before intervention to 61.9% after 3-month exercise (P=0.031). These results suggest that exercise program targeting modifiable muscle strength, balance, and walking ability is a safe and effective intervention to reduce the risk factors of falls, and fear of falling in frail elderly.
  • -1985年と2005年との比較-
    烏雲格 日勒, 藤井 勝紀, 花井 忠征, 田中 喜代次
    2007 年 53 巻 2 号 p. 215-230
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2021/10/27
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
     本研究は,中国民族の1つである蒙古族の1985年と2005年の青少年期における身長発育を比較検討することによって,中国蒙古民族の身長発育における時代的変化を検証しようとした.これまでの解析手法では発育現量値曲線の解析がほとんどで,さらに速度曲線の解析では年間発育量という差分値の解析によるものであり,これでは大型化は示せても早熟化を証明する客観的な手法を保証することができない.そこで,藤井(2006)が提唱したウェーブレット補間法を適用し,身長の発育速度曲線の記述から思春期最大発育速度年齢(maximum peak velocity : MPV)を特定し,MPV年齢およびMPVの年次変化を検討することにより,中国蒙古民族における身長発育の早熟化と速度曲線の時代的変化について検証した.資料は,中国の1985年,2005年に実施された「中国全国学生体質・健康調査」のデータから内蒙古自治区の蒙古族と漢民族(7〜18歳、男女)の身長のデータを抽出した.日本の資料は,1985年,2005年に実施された文部科学省の「体力・運動能力調査報告書」のデータから身長のデータを使用した.  その結果,日本人の身長に関しては男女ともそれほど顕著な時代的変化は認められなかった.しかし,漢民族,蒙古族では男女ともMPV年齢が早くなる傾向を示した.特に,蒙古族では顕著な傾向が示され,明らかに成熟度が早くなっていた.1985年から2005年の最近20年間では,日本人が社会経済の高度成長化によって影響された成熟度の早熟化現象に類似した傾向を示していると推測された.このことは近年の中国内蒙古自治区の蒙古族における食生活環境の大幅な改善,社会,経済的環境の改善が要因と推測される.
  • 大杉 貴康, 出村 慎一, 佐藤 進, 中田 征克, 北林 保, 山本 桂, 山田 孝禎
    2007 年 53 巻 2 号 p. 231-239
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2021/10/27
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
     This study aimed to examine mental toughness related to the competitive performances of water polo players from the viewpoints of competitive levels,player position and years of competitive experience and to propose an evaluation criterion.A survey composed of 51 items representing 15 mental toughness factors was administered to water polo players, and the data from 412 male respondents (age:17.8±3.8yr,years of competitive experience:3.8±2.6yr) with valid responses were analyzed.Significant differences were found in forecasting-discretion ability, decision, confidence, imaging and in the total score between two groups with different years of competitive experiences.The group with more experience(over 7 years) had higher scores in the above factors. There was no significant difference between groups differing in competitive level or player position.In addition,distribution of all mental toughness factors and the total score followed a normal distribution.Based on these data,we proposed an evaluation criterion based on a 5-point rating for each mental toughness factor.
  • 斎藤 由美, 藤井 勝紀, 花井 忠征, 穐丸 武臣
    2007 年 53 巻 2 号 p. 240-246
    発行日: 2007年
    公開日: 2021/10/27
    ジャーナル オープンアクセス
     To investigate the tendency of change of Bone mineral density (BMD) with age is important to seek Peak bone mass. Many cross-sectional studies have been carried out examining the change of BMD with age. Few cross-sectional studies were reported statistically the tendency of change of BMD with age. We applied speed of sound (SOS) for indicator to examine BMD. In this study, we measured SOS in 145 healthy Japanese women aged 20-49. We examined the tendency of change of SOS with age based on least square approximation polynomial. To determine the best least square approximation polynomial, we compared each coefficients of determination and sum of residual square. Finally the best least square approximation polynomial was cubic least square approximation polynomial. We proposed the standard change chart of SOS value with age based on the cubic least square approximation polynomial. In future studies, examining the change of SOS with age based on more data is needed because of the reliability.
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