本研究の目的は青年女子における把握と肘屈曲パワーの発揮特性およびその一側優位性の相違を明らかにすることであった．被験者は健康な青年女子15名（年齢22.4±1.0歳，身長161.1±3.0㎝，体重55.4±4.6㎏）であった．事前調査により全員右利きと判断された．Peak powerは，最大筋力（MVC）の20％から70％の6種類の負荷を用いて両手で測定された．MVCは，握力と肘屈曲力ともに利き手が非利き手より有意に大きかった．Peak powerは，把握動作では全ての負荷で利き手が非利き手より有意に大きかったが，肘屈曲動作では有意差がなかった．したがって，一側優位性は把握パワーのみ出現することが示唆された．Peak powerは，利き手と非利き手ともに全ての負荷で把握動作が肘屈曲動作より有意に大きかった．両動作とも負荷の増加と共に，peak velocityは直線的に低下したが，筋パワーはほぼ50％MVCの時最大で曲線的に増減した．非利き手に対する利き手のPeak power比は，全ての負荷で把握動作が肘屈曲動作より有意に大きかった．結論として，把握パワーは肘屈曲パワーより大きく一側優位性が顕著であることが示唆された．

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　This study aimed to examine the effect of email manipulation with a mobile phone on gait when going up and down stairs. Fifteen healthy young males went up and down a set of four steps twice under two conditions, with and without using a mobile phone. Stride time, stance time, swing time, stride width, gait angle and toe angle were evaluated. Stride time, stance time and swing time while using a mobile phone were significantly longer than in the normal condition. Swing time was significantly longer when going up than when going down the set of stairs, but stride width, gait angle and toe angle were significantly longer when going down the set of stairs. 　In conclusion, using a mobile phone when going up and down stairs delays gait velocity and gait tempo. In addition, regardless of mobile phone use, gait patterns differ when going up or down stairs, as a more stable posture is maintained when going down stairs.

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　Over the past few decades a number of studies have been made on social problem-solving which refers to the process of finding solutions to problems in the real world. The purpose of this study was to clarify gender differences in relationships among two components of social problem-solving ability, problem-solving self-efficacy and problem-solving skills, and psychological and physical symptoms. 　Subjects were 107 female and 127 male college students (mean age 21.2 yrs). The subjects completed the Japanese versions of the 17-item social problem-solving scale and the Depression, Anxiety, and Somatization subscales of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. 　Results of path analyses controlling for age indicated that problem-solving self-efficacy had indirect effects via problem-solving skills on depression for women and anxiety for men: namely, problem-solving self-efficacy influenced problem-solving skills, which in turn had effects on the symptoms. The results also showed that problem-solving self-efficacy had both direct effects on anxiety for women and depression and somatization for men as well as the indirect effects n these symptoms. Moreover, it was found that somatization for women was influenced by problem-solving skills, not by problem-solving self-efficacy.

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　This study examined the effect of a dual task on stepping reaction for older female. Nine healthy young female (mean age 19.0±0.9 years) and eleven healthy older female (mean age 69.0±3.1 years) participated. Time taken to stepping reaction under 2 conditions (stepping and stepping while grasping a full cup of water: a motor task) was measured. Results revealed that step velocity were slower in all subjects when they performed concurrently with a stepping reaction and step velocity in older female were slower than in young female on both tasks. An interesting finding was that the duration of swing phase as a percentage of a total stepping reaction time in older female was significantly smaller than in young female when the motor task was added to the test. In conclusion, performing a motor task while stepping reaction adversely affected the step velocity and the duration of swing phase as a percentage of a total stepping reaction time in older female, suggesting that this may be a factor contributing to poor postural balance and executive function which attentional demands might have the relationship with.

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　This study, in order to assess delayed menarche in Korean girls, sought a valid regression evaluation judgment from a regression diagram of age at menarche against maximum peak velocity (MPV) of height during puberty. The subjects were 391 Korean girls for whom longitudinal data were obtained from the first year of elementary school (7 years of age) to the second year of high school (17 years of age). In addition, age at menarche was obtained from a questionnaire survey, and precise age at menarche was calculated from date of birth. The wavelet interpolation method was applied to the obtained longitudinal growth distance, and the age at maximum peak velocity in height was derived. The normality of the age at MPV of height, age at menarche, and interval between age at MPV of height and menarche were analyzed, and the effectiveness of those statistical values was confirmed. In addition, a regression analysis was conducted for the interval in both traits and age at MPV of height, and it was demonstrated that the size of the interval tends to decrease from early to normal and late maturation. From this finding, one may consider preparation of an assessment chart by level of maturation when structuring a delayed menarche judgment. However, the regression tendency in age at menarche against age at MPV of height in the respective maturation bands was not seen to be effective at all in the early maturation band, and considering simplification of the evaluation system it would be valid to construct a uniform evaluation judgment system rather than an evaluation system by level of maturity. We then attempted a quadratic or greater regression polynomial analysis in a regression analysis of age at menarche against age at MPV of height, and the quadratic regression polynomial was found to be effective. In constructing a delayed menarche evaluation system for Korean girls, a quadratic regression polynomial evaluation of age at menarche against age at MPV of height may be proposed.

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　The purpose of this study was to aggregate the results of the new physical fitness tests conducted on children from the first grade of elementary school to the third grade of high-school, according to prefectures. In addition, this study verified whether there existed a difference between their physical fitness characteristics after having clarified the characteristics of each prefecture by gender and school year. The result of the analysis showed a strong relationship between the physical fitness scores of each group. The physical fitness score (T-score) of boys was 50 or more in Aomori, Akita, Yamagata, Fukushima, Saitama, Toyama, Fukui, Shizuoka, Shiga, Kyoto, Tottori, Okayama, Saga, Nagasaki, and Miyazaki in all periods. We obtained similar results for girls in Aomori, Iwate, Akita, Yamagata, Fukushima, Tochigi, Saitama, Chiba, Toyama, Fukui, Shizuoka, Shiga, Kyoto, Tottori, Okayama, and Nagasaki prefectures. In contrast, the scores were less than 50 for boys in Miyagi, Tokyo, Kanagawa, Yamanashi, Mie, Osaka, Nara, Wakayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tokushima, Kochi, and Okinawa prefectures in all periods. On the other hand, we obtained similar results for girls in Miyagi, Tokyo, Kanagawa, Yamanashi, Mie, Osaka, Nara, Wakayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tokushima, Kochi, Fukuoka, Oita, Kagoshima, and Okinawa prefectures. The difference in the physical fitness levels was evident in various prefectures. It is assumed that this difference is due to the differences in the educational administration of prefectures.

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　The purpose of this study is to discuss temper conditions of pupils in a seaside summer house by differences on their swimming skills with POMS. As a result, the authors have found that temper conditions of pupils underwent a transition well, their preliminary tensions and uneasy senses were relaxed and angers and hostilities increased afterwards. Moreover, it has been clarified that the temper transition of the pupils with lower swimming skills is small and that with higher swimming skills is great. In addition, we have found that negative emotions of the pupils with higher swimming skills tend to increase. It been indicated that differences occur in temper transitions with differences on swimming skills in a seaside summer house.

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