The purpose of this study was to determine the trial-to-trial reliability of the Functional Movement　Screen and the influence of locomotive organ dysfunction on the basis of medical examination of　locomotive organs on fundamental movements evaluated using FMS during childhood. Fifth and sixth　grade female students (n = 15 ; age, 10.8 ± 0.41 years ; height, 143.9 ± 6.42 cm, body weight, 35.1 ± 5.21　kg) performed the seven items included in FMS three times to determine trial-to-trial reliability. Fourth to　sixth grades students (n = 67 ; age, 11.0 ± 0.75 years ; height, 142.0 ± 8.82 cm ; body weight, 36.9 ±　8.46 kg) underwent medical　examination of locomotive organs and performed the seven items included in　FMS to assess the relationship between the medical examination of locomotive organs and fundamental　movements. Although the intraclass correlation coefficient was low for rotary stability (ICC = 0.35) and　moderate for trunk stability push-up (ICC = 0.64), it was > 0.7 for other items (ICC = 0.71‐0.93) and 0.88　for the total FMS score. The total FMS score in the locomotive organ dysfunction group was significantly　lower than that in the non-locomotive organ dysfunction group and their effect was high (ES = 0.84).　Therefore, it was judged that the trial-to-trial reliability of FMS during childhood was good and that　children with locomotive organ dysfunction are at a higher risk of developing orthopedic disorder because　of poor fundamental movement ability and kinetic inefficiency than those without locomotive organ　dysfunction.

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　This study aims to clarify the effect of hardiness, the assignment of meaning, and social support on firefighters’ compassion fatigue. We conducted a survey of 427 firefighters in Prefecture A. We received 215 responses (50.4% response rate) with 200 valid responses (93.0% valid response rate). We then conducted stepwise multiple regression analysis, setting compassion fatigue as the dependent variable; hardiness’s subscales “challenge,” “control,” and “commitment,” the assignment of meaning’s subscales “positivity,” “self-evaluation,” and “message,” and social support’s subscales “formal support” and “informal support” were set as independent variables. As a result, we found that the adjusted R2 of hardiness’s “commitment,” social support’s “informal support,” and the assignment of meaning’s “message” was .297 and significant (p = .040). Hardiness’s “commitment” had a significant negative standard partial regression coefficient (β = －.394), suggesting that the greater a firefighter’s role awareness is, the lower that firefighter’s compassion fatigue will be.

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　This study aimed to compare the new physical fitness test results of the fifth- and sixth-grade students in a school established by reorganization with Japan national average. Furthermore, it was also investigated the difference in the physical fitness between students who commutes to a school by bus and walking. Ninety-four primary school students volunteered to undergo the new physical fitness tests. Grip strength, sit-up, flexibility, repeated lateral steps, standing broad jump, 20-m shuttle run, 50-m sprint, and softball throw were measured based on the guidelines of the Japanese Ministry of Education and Science. While, it was also surveyed how the participants commute to school. The one-sample t-test revealed that the number of sit-ups performed by the sixth-grade boys and girls as well as the standing broad jump of the sixth-grade boys were significantly higher than the national average. The 50-m sprint time of the fifthgrade girls was significantly inferior than the national average. In addition, the 20-m shuttle run of the fifth-grade boys and the fifth- and sixth-grade girls were significantly lower than the national average. Furthermore, in all groups, the 50-m sprint time and 20-m shuttle run of the participants in this study were inferior than the national average, although the differences for some groups were not-significant. Then, it was found that the participants in this study was inferior in variables associated with running. While, unpaired t-test found the non-significant difference in all variables between bus and walking. The result of the non-significant difference between groups indicated that the mean of commute did not mainly affect to the physical fitness tests. However, this study was conducted as a cross-sectional research, so that it was not evaluated directly whether physical fitness is affected by mean of commute. Therefore, as future research, it is required to examine in longitudinal research design.

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　The purpose of this study was to clarify what kind of warm-up exercises current elementary school teachers administer for children. A questionnaire survey on warm-up exercises for physical education classes was conducted on 118 elementary school teachers. The results of the analyses were as follows: 1) Many of the current elementary school teachers are doing formal warm-up exercises such as running, 　physical exercises and stretching. 2) Many of the current elementary school teachers chose warm-up exercises based on the warm-up 　exercises which they practice on their own. 3) The kind of warm-up exercises administered by elementary school teachers depends on their subject 　specialization(physical education or other subjects).

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We identified biological parameters based on cross-sectional height data in Mongolia and analyzed theheight growth of Mongolian youth. We then attempted to elucidate the relationship between physical growth and economic conditions in Mongolia from a comparison with minority ethnic groups in China，by testing physical maturity. The results showed early maturation in physical growth in ethnic groups distributed in economically developed regions. A trend was also seen for later maturation and tall height，which is a characteristic of Caucasoid people in northwestern ethnic groups. A large difference was seen in the age at the maximum peak velocity（MPV）in height growth even between geographically close ethnic groups in the south，and adult heights were shorter than those in northern ethnic groups. From it is thought that the surge in height growth during puberty is closely related to innate racial factors，and that in addition to racial factors，adult height is greatly affected by later external factors such as nutritional intake. Therefore，if the biological parameter of adult height can be determined in Mongolia and Chinese minority ethnic groups，the effects on physical growth in minority groups could be estimated from economic growth stagnation and delayed infrastructure development when making comparisons with the Han Chinese living in the southern coastal regions of China. It would then be presumed that for Mongolian youth，similar to Chinese ethnic minorities，delayed infrastructure development due to economic stagnation affects biological parameters.

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