本研究は，健康な児童112名（男58名，女54名，平均年齢：7.58±0.80歳）を対象に，新規に開発した浮き趾測定器を利用して自然立位姿勢時おける浮き趾判定と浮き趾高計測値の信頼性を検討した．測定器は，接地足裏をスキャナーで取り込み，前方からカメラで各浮き趾高を計測できる．浮き趾を2回測定し，両測定における浮き趾高を各2回計測した．浮き趾有無は，趾跡と浮き趾高から2回判定した．解析の結果，両測定における浮き趾該当者（46名と41名）及び総浮き趾数（109本と87本）は異なったが，両測定における2回の浮き趾該当者の判定は一致した．浮き趾該当者の割合に有意な性差はなかった（43～56％）．男女における学年別（8～23％）や左右足別（15～22％）で浮き趾該当者の割合に有意差はなく，第5趾の浮き趾者の割合に性差は認められなかった（男子：68.2～72.2％，女子：69.6～83.3％）． また，両測定における2回の計測値の総浮き趾高計測値の平均値に有意差はなく，信頼性は非常に高かった（ICC：0.995～0.996）．しかし，両測定における浮き趾該当者及び総浮き趾数に差が認められたことから，測定法の改善が必要と判断される．

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This study aimed to create indicators that nurses working at acute care hospitals could use for supporting people with dementia in the treatment environment and to elucidate the reliability and validity of these indicators. We created a draft version of the indicators and conducted a questionnaire survey for 1,890 nurses: 30 nurses each in 63 acute care facilities with over 200 beds in three Tokai prefectures. Consequently, we received valid responses from 508 nurses (26.8%). Question items indicating ceiling and floor effects were deleted. In the exploratory factor analysis, the four factors “personal space with safety in mind,” “space for peace of mind,” “coordination of high-quality environmental stimulation,” and “promoting interaction with others” were extracted. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ranged from .718 to .788. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the goodness-of-fit index was .866, the adjusted goodness-of-fit index was .831, the comparative fit index was .829, and the root mean square error of approximation was .079. Therefore, the validity and reliability of the indicators were demonstrated. We believe that nurses should use these indicators for supporting dementia patients in the care environments of acute care hospitals.

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退院困難な小児患者とその家族に対する退院支援の内容を明らかにすることを目的とする．背景：医学的な理由で退院が可能であっても，退院困難な患者がいる．しかし退院困難な小児患者に対する退院支援の内容を示した先行研究は見当たらない．研究方法は質的記述的研究方法であり，看護師を対象とした18人の半構造化面接によりデータを収集した．倫理委員会の承認後，平均勤続年数16.2年の小児看護を経験する看護師を対象に，半構造化面接を実施した．本研究の報告にあたっては，COREQガイドラインを遵守した．参加者は18名で，病棟看護師と地域連携部門の看護師が含まれていた．分析の結果，26のサブカテゴリー，以下の5つのカテゴリーが得られた：「退院の方向性を決める」，「退院支援に関連する情報を収集する」，「子どもや家族へのカウンセリングを行う」，「在宅療養を促進する」，「退院支援に関する情報を共有する」．

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This study examined the effects of incorporating warm-up exercises along with main mat exercises, in elementary school physical education classes on children’s motor skills and learning conditions. The intervention group, implementing a circuit-type warm-up alongside main mat exercises, was compared with a control group that followed a formal and routine warm-up. The analysis focused on 30 sixth-grade students from an elementary school, with 14 in the intervention group and 16 in the control group. The primary practice exercises included cartwheels and handstand forward rolls. The results reveal that, with respect to learning conditions, the intervention group exhibited significantly higher scores than the control group for the following items: “Was there anything that left a deep impression on you or moved you?,” “Did you enjoy it (the class)?,” and “Did you enjoy warm-up exercises?.” Regarding motor skills, no significant interactions were observed for handstand forward rolls. For cartwheels, significant interaction effects were observed for the following items: “raising the feet high,” “stretching the knees,” “stretching the hips,” “landing on the soles of the feet,” and “overall evaluation,” with the intervention group performing significantly better in the 4th and 6th hours than in the 1st hour. Thus, it is assumed that incorporating circuit-type warm-up exercises along with main mat exercises in an elementary school physical education classes enabled children to begin the class with fun and enjoy the whole physical education class. Additionally, it was suggested that incorporating warm-up exercises along with main exercises leads to skill improvement (especially for cartwheels) albeit only partially.

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The purpose of this study was to update the standards that can be used to understand the present status of preschool children’s motor ability and to evaluate them appropriately in the future with some additional information under special circumstances (e.g., coronavirus pandemic) after verification of the annual changes in the motor ability of preschool children during the three years before and during the coronavirus pandemic. From an examination of annual trends, it was found that there was no significant change in motor ability of preschool children during the pandemic, excluding flexibility, between the pre-pandemic period and the four years hence, including the three years of the pandemic. It was confirmed that it is possible to update the standards (consisting of seven items) of preschool children's motor ability using a relatively large sample (n = 3,412) even in a special environment by supports for measuring and evaluation at childcare facilities. In the future, it is expected to be used as a valuable standard for understanding and evaluating the characteristics of motor skills of preschool children who have experienced the coronavirus pandemic and reached an age where it can be measured.

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This study aimed to verify the moisturizing effect of hand bathing and steamed hand towel warm compression by comparing the moisture and oil contents of the stratum corneum on the bed. The keratin moisture and skin oil contents were measured in college students after performing the hand bath and steamed towel warm compress method. The result revealed 0.43 mg/mm2 of skin oil in the hand bath group immediately after the treatment, but with no significant difference. An increasing trend of 0.39 µg/mm2 was observed immediately after the treatment in the steamed towel hot compress group, but it decreased 20 and 30 min after the treatment. There was no significant difference in skin oil content between both the groups. The stratum corneum moisture content was 46.55 a.u. immediately after the treatment with an increasing tendency but with no difference. It decreased to 35.22 a.u. 10 min after the treatment, and decreased further to 26.79 a.u. 30 min after the treatment. An increasing tendency to 42.50 a.u. was observed in the steamed towel warm compress group immediately after the treatment but with no difference. It decreased 20 and 30 min after the treatment, and it decreased more after 20 min than before the treatment. The keratin moisture content decreased more in the steamed towel hot compress group than in the hand bath group.

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This study aims to assess the anxiety peculiar to nursing students by comparing it with that of university students from previous studies using the COVID-19 Infection Anxiety Scale for nursing students that we have developed. We surveyed second-year (n = 163) and third-year (n = 159 students) from two nursing colleges in Prefecture A, as of April 2022. Of 186 (57.8%) questionnaires collected, 21 (6.5%) were incomplete and 165 (51.2%) were valid responses. Regarding the five items under “reducing opportunities to meet people” and “using public transportation,” in the questionnaire, the target group experienced strong anxiety compared with previous studies. Unlike previous studies, this study noted some differences between grades. Second-year students were strongly concerned about the likelihood of a decline in employment opportunities, whereas third-year students were strongly concerned about whether they could go out. In the education sector, it is imperative to take various measures to prevent the spread of a new coronavirus infection. Furthermore, it is crucial to understand that nursing students not only have specific anxieties but also that the content of anxiety varies according to the grade level; thus, pertinent measures should be taken to support students to reduce their anxiety.

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