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Volume 30 (1972)
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
- Issue suppl-3 Pages 3･･･
Volume 30, Issue suppl-3
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Toru MATSUNAGA, Reishi NAKAJIMA, Tamiko UMEMOTO, Yoji TOMIYAMA, Toshi ...1972 Volume 30 Issue suppl-3 Pages 3-12
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: June 05, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relation between vestibular function and the histological findings after experimental blockage of the endolymphatic sac and duct was studied in guinea pigs.
In short term experiments until the 3rd postoperative day the histological specimen of the inner ear of the operated side did not show any labyrinthine hydrops. While the directional preponderance of nystagmus which increased more in eccentric than in centric pendular rotation could be found without any spontaneous and positional nystagmus. In longer term experiments up to 60 postoperative days, remarkable labyrinthine hydrops developed in the cochlear duct and in the saccule. But there were neither spontaneous and positional nystagmus nor directional preponderance of nystagmus. From the present data we conclude that well-developed labyrinthine hydrops does not affect vestibular function. The period from incubation to the formation of labyrinthine hydrops is very important for vestibular imbalance.View full abstractDownload PDF (5088K) -
Kozo WATANUKI, Kazutomo KAWAMOTO, Shuichi KATAGIRI1972 Volume 30 Issue suppl-3 Pages 13-21
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: June 05, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn all examined specimens of streptomycin-treated animals, small otoliths crystals decreased in number in the striola, in the peripheral margins as well as on the upper surface of the otolithic layer. This decrease of otolith crystals in number was most prominent in the striola and in its short extensions at both ends. The upper surface of the otolithic layer was rather flat and neither obvious furrows nor ridges were found on it except for the striola.
In all specimens of severely damaged animals, only a few giant otoliths, most of which were 50 p long, were detected on the otolithic membrane. Several likely reasons for the degenerative changes of the otolithic membrane as well as the otolithic layers in strep-tomycin-ototoxicosis were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (6842K) -
Shozo MATANO, Tadayasu BAN1972 Volume 30 Issue suppl-3 Pages 22-28
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: June 05, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBoth ascending and descending fibers of the MLF originating in various nuclei show a topographic distribution in the MLF. In general, results similar to those obtained in the rabbit seem to exist in the MLF of man. Accordingly, in the case of lesion in the MLF, this pattern should always be considered in order to determine the site of the lesion.View full abstractDownload PDF (3514K) -
Yasuteru YAMANAKA, Toichi KITANAKA, Akihisa YANAGAWA1972 Volume 30 Issue suppl-3 Pages 29-36
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: June 05, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSResponses of extraocular muscles induced by giving repetitive stimulation to the horizontal ampullar nerve were studied from the point of view of the functional role of the neuromuscular system, using neuromuscular blocking agents (succinylcholine chloride and gallamine triethiodide).
The results of the electromyogram and the isometric mechanogram of the lateral rectus muscle in alert cats have indicated that the responses to succinylcholine are the increase of the resting tension in accordance with the increase of spontaneous small spike discharges, while the responses to gallamine are the depression or no change of the resting tension and the decrease of spike discharges. As for the effect of intravenous injection of succinylcholine or gallamine on the evoked tetanic and baseline tension, and spike discharges by repetitive vestibular stimulation, succinylcholine depressed the tetanic contractions and increased the baseline tension in accordance with the decrease or disappearance of large spikes and the increase of small spikes, while gallamine depressed both tetanic contraction and the baseline tension and abolished large spikes and small spikes.
From the results mentioned above, it was concluded that at least two fiber types (tonic and phasic) existed in the lateral rectus muscle and that the activity of these fibers caused tonic and phasic movements of nystagmus and eye deviation induced by vestibular stimulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (4026K) -
Eiji SAKATA, Ru-Pei LEE, Yasuo SAKAKI, Masashi WADA1972 Volume 30 Issue suppl-3 Pages 37-52
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: June 05, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPrecise analysis and study of the characteristics of eye movements are diagnostically paramount means to know various diseases, which are found in the central nervous system, especially in the subtentorial area or in the diencephalon.
However, up to now many a clinician has paid much attention to the nystagmus; they almost always pay no attention to spontaneous pathological eye movements except the nystagmus.
We have paid much attention and have studied the problem for the last two years, there were 101 cases found with the non-nystagmic spontaneous pathological eye movements, which were verified by autopsy and/or surgical operation and/or precise neurological examinations.
According to the results we gained, the non-nystagmic spontaneous pathological eye movements are classified arranged and settled down as follows: 1) dymetric eye movements (a: fixation jerks, b: over-or undershoot oscillation, c: flutter-like oscillation), 2) myoclonic eye movements (a: lightning eye movements, b: opsoclonus), 3) tonic eye movements (a: gaze convulsion, b: convergence convulsion)
In addition, we mentioned the pathophysiology and the topic diagnostic significance of each non-nystagmic spontaneous pathological eye movements.View full abstractDownload PDF (8251K) -
Tetsuo ISHII1972 Volume 30 Issue suppl-3 Pages 53-59
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: June 05, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe histochemical demonstration of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was observed to be well localized in the efferent nerve fibers in the inner ear. The distribution of AChE activity in the nerve fibers of cat and squirrel monkey were reported. The vestibular efferent fibers showed a similar course to that reported elsewhere, although AChE-active fibers were sparsely distributed in the vestibular nerve. These fibers did not apparently belong to the well-known efferent nerve fibers in the inner ear. The author em-phasized the necessity of the vital perfusion-prefixation and decalcification of the experi-mental animals, in order to obtain good preservation of the specimens and well-localized AChE activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (6122K) -
Takuya UEMURA, Masumi KATSURA, Emiko IWASHIMA1972 Volume 30 Issue suppl-3 Pages 60-69
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: June 05, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExaminations of the autonomic nervous system with the Mecholyl test as described by Abe' (1960) were carried out in 20 cases of Menière's disease and 17 cases with aural vertigo of unknown etiology. Most patients were tested more than twice during the course of their disease. The results were compared with those obtained in a similar way from 7 normal subjects and with 14 cases of otitis media who complained of vertigo after middle ear surgery. The positive rate showing a response of either the sympathetic hyperreactor or sympathetic hyporeactor type in the cases with Meni&rès disease and aural vertigo was 79% and 87% respectively in the acute stage when nystagmus was present. After nystagmus had disappeared, the rate decreased to 29% and 33%. On the other hand, the normal subjects did not show any difference between the results of the two tests performed at intervals of 2 to 5 days. In the cases of middle ear operation also there was no significant variation in type between the test results which were obtained at the time of vertigo or nystagmus and at a time without these symptoms.
Therefore, it seems that the abnormalities in the autonomic nervous system, which were revealed by the Mecholyl tests during the course of Meniere's disease and aural vertigo of unknown etiology, were related to the cause of the disease and were not merely a reflection of the vertiginous episode.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K) -
Masaaki KITAHARA1972 Volume 30 Issue suppl-3 Pages 70-76
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: June 05, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study has been to clarify the effects of centrifugation on postural equilibrium in relation to labyrinthine function. Twenty normal adults and 32 cases of various labyrinthine disorders were rotated eccentrically in the Still-Werner chair. The position of the unrestrained head relative to the resultant force was measured with an accelerometer attached to the forehead. In the initial stage of eccentric rotation, incomplete postural adaptation of the head was observed not only in cases with labyrinthine disorders but also in normal subjects. The incomplete adaptation was greater in the case of labyrinthine disorder when the hypo-or nonreactive ear was placed outward. During rotation at constant velocity, however, balance was recovered in almost all cases. The labyrinthine contribution for maintaining posture is considered to be most important only when the resultant force is changing direction.View full abstractDownload PDF (2363K) -
Izuru MATSUOKA1972 Volume 30 Issue suppl-3 Pages 77-89
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: June 05, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA neurochemical and neuropharmacologic study was undertaken in the cat to obtain further evidence of the role of acetylcholine in vestibular function. It was shown that the vestibular nerve contains about half or less the enzymatic activity of choline acetylase, acetylcholinesterase, cholinesterase, and total cholinesterase than nucleus vestibularis lateralis.
Field potentials as well as discharge of single neurons of nucleus vestibularis lateralis (NVL) were studied in locally anesthetized, decamethonium immobilized ventilated cats before, during, and after vestibular nerve and reticular formation stimulation. Various cholinergic agonists and antagonists and the adrenergic agonists l-DOPA and d-ampheta-mine, were then given i.v. to determine their effects. Three major evoked potentials to vestibular nerve stimulation were recorded in NVL. These potentials were labelled N1 N2 and N3 on the basis of polarity and latency. Although the N2 and N3 waves were not much affected, the N2 wave was dramatically enhanced by physostigmine and reduced by scopolamine.
About half of 'NVL neurons excited by vestibular nerve stimulation responded to muscarinic cholinergic drugs. NVL responses to RF stimulation were primarily nicotinic and were blocked by the nicotinic antagonist, mecamylamine, but not trimethadinium. Some neurons excited by RF stimulation were enhanced by l-DOPA or d-amphetamine. The data indicate that cholinergic mechanisms are strongly involved in vestibular function. Adrenergic mechanisms are also involved, but to a much lesser extent.View full abstractDownload PDF (3694K)
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