The standing test (Romberg test, Mann's (tandem) test, standing on one foot test) and the deviation test (blindfolded vertical writing test and stepping test) were performed in 111 healthy subjects over 65 years of age, who were divided into 2 groups with respect to activities in their daily lives.
The following criteria were got to evaluate the capacity for normal equilibrium in the standing and deviation tests in the elderly Japanese in each age group.
1. Romberg test : Standing posture with eyes open is stable for 30 seconds in those aged 65-79 years and with eyes closed in those aged 65-69 years. Slight body sway is detected in those over 80 with eyes open and in those over 70 with eyes closed.
2. Mann's (tandem) test : With eyes open, the standing posture can be maintained for over 20 seconds in those aged 65-69 years and for over 10sec in those aged 70-79, but it cannot be maintained for 5 sec in those over 80. With eyes closed, standing can be maintained for 5 sec or more in those aged 65-69, and for less than 5 sec in those over 70.
3. Standing on one foot test : With eyes open, standing posture can be maintained for at least 5 sec by those 65-69 years of age and for less than 5 sec in those over 70. With eyes closed, people over 65 cannot stand for more than 5 sec.
4. Writing test : The angle of deviation in under 9 degrees in those aged 65-69 and under 15 degrees in those over 70.
5. Stepping test The angle of deviation is under 180 degrees in those aged 65-79 and under 190 degrees in those over 80.
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