民族衛生
Online ISSN : 1882-868X
Print ISSN : 0368-9395
ISSN-L : 0368-9395
24 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
  • 第1編生活構造
    千葉 裕典
    1958 年 24 巻 3 号 p. 99-111,A9
    発行日: 1958年
    公開日: 2010/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    The author made series of study on the mode of living of students in certain evening senior high school in Tokyo. The results obtained are reported in the following two chapters.
    Chapter I.
    In this chapter the author made an investigation on the daily life of evening school students in order to make the status quo of their life clear, and understand the nature of problems resulting from the status. The author also tried to find solutions of the problems so as to improve the system of education in evening school.
    1) The daily life of evening school student presents a marked difference from that of day school students. The difference may mainly be resulted from the fact that the most of evening school students engage in their day-time jobs.
    Time available for rest, recreation, reading and other extra-curricular activities must be quite limited in case of evening school students compared to that of day school ones.
    2) It was estimated that only 54% of freshmen were able to finish the four-year full course, namely the rest of freshmen left school on a half way of the course. This may be said as a special phenomenon in evening school and this matter may cast one of the serious social problems.
    3) Not a few students are absent or late in class because of their day-time jobs. As many as 47% of the students are listed on the record of disease and injury.
    4) About 90% of the students have jobs in the daytime. Twenty-one per cent are engaged in heavy work according to their subjective description. This fact must seriously be considered for the sake of successful evening school education.
    5) The monthly income is 5, 000 yen on average and about 40% of the amount supports their tuition and other school-expenses.
    6) An examination on the degree of their fatigue clearly indicates that the type of fatigue is not physical but rather volitional or emotional one.
    7) An examination of menstruation of evening school girl-students indicates that amenorrhea is prevalent compared to day-school girl-students.
    8) As regards their family life, the number of inmates per family is 6.8 persons and this means a greater rate than in case of day-school students.
    9) In regard to their sleeping-hours, many of them go to bed later than 11 o'clock in the evening and their sleep is naturally unadequate compared to that of day-school students.
  • 第2編健康状態
    千葉 裕典
    1958 年 24 巻 3 号 p. 112-128,A10
    発行日: 1958年
    公開日: 2010/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this chapter the author made a research on the physical condition of eveningschool students, especially in the light of physiological function.
    1) In respect to their physical growth, it was found that they are short with an unproportionately long trunk.
    2) It was found that they have a small vital-capacity of the lung and a weaker eye-sight which is one of the most marked physical signes of evening-school students.
    3) Results of the examination of their motor fitness show that on all the items taken up for the examination they are, more or less, inferior to day-school students, particularly in equilibrium, endurance, and their circulatory and respiratory performance.
    4) Blood-examination is very important for evening-school students as one of the effective methods for their health-supervision. It helps to discover students in ill-health which could not be checked either by X-ray examination or physical measurement carried out once a year.
    5) A type of screening method was adopted for the purpose of mass-examination of the blood.
    6) The hemoglobin-level of evening-school students is 15.26 g/dl (in boys) and 13.64 g/dl (in girls), showing a lower level than those in day-school students. The change of their hemoglobin-level in the recent five years, is pararell to the change of economic situation of Japan in general, but is should be noted that the hemoglobin-level is found lower than that of gerenal Japanese population.
    7) The measurement of specific gravity of the whole blood (Gb) is equally important for the health-supervision of evening-school students. In fact, it is re-vealed that 10-30% of the students showed anemic findings.
    8) Nutrition is also supposed to be one of the most important factors in solving the health problems of evening-school students. Those who have anemic tendency are especially present among the students of the lower-calory group. The average a mount of calory taken by evening-school students found as 2387 Cal/day (in boys) and 1879 Cal/day (in girls).
    9) As regards the students of the lower-calory group, it was discovered that the amount of wheat, fish, milk, eggs, fat and sugar taken by them is markedly reduced, and that their meal-time is considerably unsettled and irregular. Regarding meal-time of evening school students, it was observed that the neareg to the week end, the later is the suopertime,
  • 第1報Iso-Butanolおよびlso-AmyLAlkoholの匂いがハツカネズミの運動に及ぼす影響について
    国馬 正三
    1958 年 24 巻 3 号 p. 129-132,A11
    発行日: 1958年
    公開日: 2010/12/22
    ジャーナル フリー
    Using driving wheel, the author tested the effect of olfactory stimulation ofiso -butanol and -iso-amylalcohol on the general activity of inbred strain of Swiss albino mice, CFW, DDd, and Na-2.
    In general, iso-butanol was more effective than iso-amylalcohol, and showed the ensitive strain was CFW.
  • 第1報幼児期について
    山内 美子
    1958 年 24 巻 3 号 p. 133-151,A11
    発行日: 1958年
    公開日: 2010/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    1)駐留軍基地の親子各々325名,非基地の保護者248名に対して養育法と幼児の異常行動の相関の有無をみるため質問紙法により,基地児573名の駐留軍兵士及び売春婦の好悪状態は個人面接法で調査をした.
    2)仕付け型は厳格型,中庸型,寛大型の3型に分類して異常行動を量的に確定するために基地,非基地にわけて出現状態をみようとした.
    3)幼児の異常行動として夜尿症,嘘言,嫌食は基地>非基地.何もしないは非基地>基地と有意の差が認められた.即ち異常行動は基地児の方が多いようである.
    4)仕付け法としての神仏依存法,追放法を用いると異常行動が大となるようである.
    5)異常行動の単一症候,症候群をみると,指しやぶり,夜尿症,すぐ泣く,倦き易いは三症候~五症候の合併症が多く,嫌食は単一症候が多いように有意の差が認められた.
    6)小遣は基地児が多く消費するようであり,非基地児は全く消費しない者が多いようである.その使途の大半は飲食物である.保護者の1/3は使途については無関心であつた.
    7)駐留軍兵士,売春婦に対しては幼児の大部分は好感を持つているようである.
    対策に就ての示唆
    いまゝで記述したこのさゝやかな調査から,上に要約した様な点を探り出して,多少,この問題ついて少くとも筆者にとつては,理解を進めるに役立つた.ついては対策に関しても若干の示唆をこゝに提出することを許されたい.
    1)就学前は男女児とも行動範囲が大となるから,善悪の判断,交通道徳の指導が必要と思われる.
    2)駐留軍引き揚げ後の職を与えないと今後の幼児の行動が懸念される.Devineがいうように「自力による正常な生活を営み得ない人の向上と利益を防げるような環境条件を改善するように社会事業を発展させる」ようにしなければ今後の基地の道徳教育は改良され難いようである.
    3)売春婦のよくないことを各家庭で幼児に説明すると同時に,勤労の尊さをしらせたいと思う.
    4)安定感を失うような体罰法,追放法,自尊心損傷法を慎しみ,扇動法,説得法,激励法,無関心法を適当に用いるとよいうである.又我が子から或る程度の尊敬と信頼を受けないと仕付けの効果は上り難いようである.その点権威借用法,神仏依存法は用いない方がよいようである.
    5)厳し過ぎる仕付よりは寛やか過ぎる方がまだよいと思う.厳し過ぎる仕付けは所謂従順にはなるが,自律性の欠損,自己徴罰,罪障感のためNeuroseになるようである.
    6)爪かみ,指しやぶり,夜尿症自体には無関心法を用いると同時に,遊びに熱中させながら自信を得させ,時には我子と遊ぶことによつて愛情のneedsを満足させると効果が挙るようである.特にtoilet training期を過ぎた幼児には無関心法がよいようである.
    7)幼児の精神生活は身体運動から充分に分化していないから,遊びに熱中させることによつて,家族から受ける不快,抑圧,不満,不安等の情緒は外部にprojectされるからよい.Axlineの遊戯治療はよいようであるから大いにさせたいと思う.水遊び,泥遊び,大筋肉を使用した遊びは精神衛生上よいようである.併し睡眠,休息,栄養は充分にとらせたい.
    休日は一家族がともに遊ぶ時間を設けることである.親子間のconfictの原因の一つとしてCrowは「父親が不在勝ちであるために母親が養育を任せられている」といつているが,日本でもこんな例が多いと思われる.我子が反抗的な態度に出た場合に,母親が権威借用法を用いたり,父親がたまに在宅している際に,叱言をいうことは,幼児にconfict,frustration,complexを懐かせることになる.休日に一家族が行動を共にしている家庭には異常行動は少ないようである.我が児と遊ぶことによつて各児の仕付け法は教えられると思われる.
    同年令の幼児と遊ばせることによつてgive and takeの必要を学ぶのであるから,言葉,行儀が悪くなるのを恐れないで大いに遊ばせたいと思う.
    8)家族の協力を得て仕付けた一貫性(frustration tolerance, conflict tolerance)をもたせ,小学校入学までに悪癖があれぽ矯正すると同時に,自律性があり,明るく自己表現が言葉でうまく出来るように仕付けたいと思う.
    幼児の一日は遊びである.元気でよく遊ぶ幼児ほど心身の発育はよいようである.総べての幼児に遊びの機会均等を与えたいと思う.その遊び場は健康な情緒を形成し,社会的適応を獲得するように調整しなければならない.我が児の幸を希うならば遊び友達も仕付けて環境の浄化を図らねばならないと思う.
    対策を要約すれば
    (イ)幼児の仕付けは一貫性を持たなければならない.そのためには家族は母親に協力しなければならない.時には一家族そろつて外出するようにすれば異常行動は少ないようである.
    (ロ)売春婦のよくないことを各家庭で教えると同時に健全な遊びを与えることが緊要と思われる.
  • 柳沢 文徳, 榊 詢, 渡辺 益夫, 両角 森雄, 波多野 義忠
    1958 年 24 巻 3 号 p. 152-155,A12
    発行日: 1958年
    公開日: 2010/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    As to 6 diabetic patients whose blood sugur levels were found above 140 mg/df by urinary-screening examination of a farm village (Naguri Mura, Saitama Prefa. cture), We gave them calcium mesotartrate by mouth for three months (daily dosis 3.0 g or 7.2 g), and observed the change of their blood sugur levels.
    As one of them died during the period, the result was not known as regards with him, but among the rest, 3 case down to 140 mg/dl and their urine sugur was almost diminished. As to the remaining 2 cases, which had evidenced hyperglycemia (40) 600 mg per cent), we got a very favouable result from the point of their blood sugur. When a patient takes above 7.2 g of calcium mesotartrate a day, the effect is remarkable, but if 3.0 gr or so a day, the influence to blood sugur is rather small. It is considered, therefore, more resarches will be necessary concerning the quantity and method of administration of calcium mesotartrate as effective chemicals for diabetes..
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