民族衛生
Online ISSN : 1882-868X
Print ISSN : 0368-9395
ISSN-L : 0368-9395
26 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1~12を表示しています
  • 菅原 恒有
    1960 年 26 巻 1 号 p. 1-14,A1
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2010/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    Cerebral apoplexy death problems in recent Iwate Prefecture has been statistically studied using the statistics of the Prefecture of 1951 to 1957. Calculating the auto-correlation coefficient according to G.U. Yule (1926) and making correlograms of each districts of the Prefectures the following results have been obtained:
    1) Death due to cerebral apoplexy was noted to have a typical definite connection with the seasons regardless of age. With an annual periodical cycle, the number of death due to cerebral apoplexy increases in the winter season while decreasing in the summer season. This typical periodical seasonal change in the number of death of apoplexy was noted to be conspicuous after 50, particularly after 60 years of age.
    2) This seasonal change in the apoplexy death number was noted to be varied somewhat with the districts: Morioka, Kamaishi, Hanamaki, Ichinoseki, and Daito, which are divided according to the existance of the health center, are the districts with an apparant typical seasonal change in the death number, while destricts of Iwate, Kuji, Iwaizumi, TOno show no noticeable seasonal change in the same.
    3) Corrected death rate of cerebral apoplexy in each of the health center districts made known that there are an apparant difference among the districts, being, as a rule, higher in the inland plains and lower in the coast districts. There is a trend that the greater the proportion of aged people after 65 years of age among the apoplexy dead people is, the lowler is the corrected death rate of apoplexy. Concerning the relationship between the ratio of aged people in the number of apoplexy death and the corrected death rate of apoplexy, there are noticeable differences in the relationship among the following three districts: the inland plains, the coast districts, and the districts between the mountains of the Kitakami mountain system, however, there is still a district accumulation character. These trends are also noted to exist in other prefectures throughout Japan.
    4) Atmospheric pressure and temperature were the two factors of the weather picked out to might have some connection with the death of apoplexy. With both the multiple and partial correlation method, statistically studying the relationship between these two atmospheric factors and the death rate of apoplexy, it was found that temperature had more influence on the death rate of apoplexy than the pressure.
  • 吉本 健二
    1960 年 26 巻 1 号 p. 15-37,A2
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2010/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    From the prevention hygiene point of view, I inquired statistically into the death by tuberculosis, disease of circulatory system and 'of infants, and made mass-and epideminological survey on the present condition of infant health control and disease of circulatory system how to move, and the true condition of tuberculosis in Okazaki District. The results were as follow:
    1. In comparison with all Japan and Aichi Prefectnre, all rates show on the whole the same rate and incline to diminution.
    2. Concerning the substance of tuberculosis in Okazaki District, morbidity and finding rate coincide with the result of all Japan tuberculosis investigation.
    Concerving regist rated patients whose procession of disease was obsqure, it's 73.5% cured and it's 52.4% is under the chemotherapy.
    3. Concerning health care of infants, the physique has rised year and year.
    4. Concerning mass survey, in the rate which was attached by high blood pressure, man is 22.6%, woman is 22.7%, it was comparatively low rate. In the mean number of maximum blood pressure, man is rather lower than that of all Japan.
    Woman is plainly higher than it. In the rate which was found out the change in E.C.G., man is 24.0%, woman is 18.2%.
    Compared with the occupation, high blood pressure is higher rate in those who carry on agriculture, commerce and industry, the change of E.C.G. is higher rate in office man.
    The relation between high blood pressure and the family history, early history and the custom of drink was statistically singnificant.
  • 清水 怜
    1960 年 26 巻 1 号 p. 38-47,A2
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2010/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    The research was made for the 1, 663 Shigella strains, which were prevailing in 1958, to grasp the state of resistivity of those strains against antibiotics. The degrees of resistibility against Chloramphenicol, Streptomycin and Tetracycline were examined for that purpose.
    The finding are as follows:
    (1) The distribution of bacterial types:
    No remarkable difference in the distribution is found between the patients and the carriers. The main types of bacteria are Shigella flexner 2a, Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexner 3a, Shigella flexner 2b and Shigella flexner 1b.
    (2) The resistibility against eacn antibiotics:
    As has been reported so far, the degree of the resistibility of Shigella sonnei is lower than that of Shigella flexner. There is little difference in the resistibility between the patients and the carriers.
    (3) The frequency of appearance of the resistant strains:
    Little difference in the frequency of appearance of shigella flexner is found between the patients and the carriers, but that of Shigella sonnei shows the high rate only for the patients. Observing the frequency by age, those for the 0-9 and 20-49 age groups show the high rates. Observing it by the group of the patients or the carriers, only that for the group of the 0-9 years old patients shows the high rate.
    (4) Examination of the resistant strains:
    Examining the resistant strains by the group of the patients or the carriers, both groups have many of the resistant strains against three antibiotics-Chloramphenicol, Streptomycin and Tetracycline. It is noted, however, that particularly the patients have many of the same, while the carriers havitng the resistant strains against one antibiotics, Streptomycin, amount to 30 per cent of them.
    (5) Peculiarity of Shigella sonnei:
    Comparing Shigella sonnei with other types of bacteria, the degree of resistibility of the former is lower than the latters, but the frequency of appearance of the resistant strains to the former shows the highest rate of all, and such trend is remakable only for the patients and not for the carriers. Those findings are noticed as well as the fact that Shigella sonnei is recently increasing year by year.
    (6) Consideration on the mechanism of resistivity forming:
    There are many, at present, who support the salutation theory for the explanation of the mechanism. However, it is difficult to explain the whole only by that theory. Accordingly. the medium resistant strains were taken up to examine about the adaptation theory, and it was tried to make clear the difficult points from that angle.
    As the results, the followings were found:
    The frequency of appearance of the medium resistant strains decreases or increases almost in parallel with that of the resistant strains. The bacterial types were divided into three groups having resistivity, medium resistivity and resistibility each, and the frequencies of appearance of the resistant strains against the said three antibiotics were examined for each group. Comparing that against one of three antibiotics with those against the other two antibiotics each other, it was found that the frequencies of appearance for those groups were high in the order of one with resistivity, with medium resistivity and with resistibility. It suggests that the group with medium resistivity exists as a process to the group with resistivity. Thus, the main part of the mechanism of resistivity forming can be explained by the salutation theory, but the adaptation theory can not be disregarded.
  • 第4報第二次性徴について
    千羽 喜代子
    1960 年 26 巻 1 号 p. 48-55,A4
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2010/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this research is to study: (1) whether there are any special characteristics in bodily development which typify the menarche, (2) whether there are an differences in body type between girls who reach the menarche early and those who reach it late, and (3) whether, corresponding to the gradual acceleration of the age when the menarche occurs, there is a corresponding acceleration of the development of the mammary shape and axillary hair.
    The sudjects of the study were 980 girls from an urban elementary, middle, and high school.
    The mammary shape development scale follows Reynold's classification, and the axillary hair scale follows Tsuji's classification.
    The results are as follows:
    1) There are no special characteristics in bodily development which typify the menarche, but the menarche coincides with the period of greatest individual growth in height. This fact is corroborated by many writers.
    2) Girls who reach the menarche early (accelerated girls) show an optimum correlation between height and weight during their growth (Types A, B, and C). By contrast, girls who reach the menarche late (retarded girls) tend to be tall and thin and to show a poor correlation between height and weight during their growth (Type E).
    3) Accelerated girls reached the bud stage of mammary shape development at eight years of age. The change from an elevated areola to she first swelling of the mammary shape, and again to a small mound formation, occurs between ten and twelve years of age.
    Nearly all the subjects reached a mature stage of mammary shape development at seventeen years of age.
    4) The appearance of axillary hair in accelerated girls occurs at ten years of age, about two years later than the beginning of mammary shape development.
    5) As compared with the results of a 1937 study concerning the beginning and the rate of development of mammary shape and axillary hair, the results of this study (1957) show: (i) similar conclusions as regards the beginning of mammary shape and axillary hair growth, but (ii) as regards the rate of development, there is an acceleration of one or two years.
  • 山田 幸一
    1960 年 26 巻 1 号 p. 56-67,A5
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2010/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    The writer made a biometric investigation from the constitutional-anthropological point of view, measuring bodies, limbs, heads and faces, for the 515 adult inhabitants of Takachiho-machi, Usuki-gun, Miyazaki-ken, in January, 1957. The followings are the findings from the examination of the measures and indices and the comparative analysis with those of the inhabitants of other districts covering twenty-five items.
    1. The average height of the inhabitants of Takachiho district is 159.74cm, which belongs to the “ short ” height group according to the Martin's classification and to the “ short medium ” height group for the Japanese adults.
    2. The cephalic index is 82.41, 61.1% of them belong to the brachycephalic type.
    3. The zygomatic arch width-mandibular angle width index is 77.60. Over half of them belong to the medium type.
    The synthetical comparison by the average type index showed that they had the closest tribal affinity to the inhabitants of Aira district, then Murayama basin region, Hida and Northern Shinshu districts, and Tsushima island followed it, and they had the slight affinity to Ainos in Hokkaido, and the inhabitants of Ecchu, Sagami and Hitachi districts and Koga mountanius region. The comparisons by the index correlogram and other methods also revealed the similar results.
  • 第1報日本人の呼吸型
    宮内 節子
    1960 年 26 巻 1 号 p. 68-74,A6
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2010/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    Respiratory movements are carried on mainly by intercostal muscles and diaphragm. They are classified into two types, “ costal ” and “ abdominal or diaphragmatic ”. The former type is dominant in the activities of intercostal muscles and the latter is in that of diaphragm.
    Hutchinson studied respiratory movements chiefly by his sense of touch in subjects seated and divested of clothing. He found that costal respiration is the normal quiet breathing of women and abdomical respiration is of men.
    No study has been made on the respiratory types in Japanese. So the author. tried to clarify the respiratory types in supine, sitting and standing positions. Belt pneumographs were attached to the chest and abdomen of the subjects. From the pneumograms recorded on smoked drums, respiratory movements were classified in three types:
    1. percentage of the respiration types is shown on the following table.
    2. Abdominal type was observed in larger part of Japanese subjects.
    3. The fact that respiratory type of female is costal is not applicable to young Japanese females.
    4. Subjects of costal type increased when they changed position from supine to sitting or standing.
  • 第2報安静呼吸時の胸部運動と腹部運動について
    宮内 節子
    1960 年 26 巻 1 号 p. 75-78,A7
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2010/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    The author studied the amplitudes of chest and abdominal respiratory movements in supine, sitting and standing positions at rest.
    The results obtained were as follows;
    1. The amplitude of abdominal movements was 2-5 times greater than that of chest movements. This fact was indifferent of sex and age.
    2. Chest movements became, in general, greater, when the subjects changed their posture from supine to sitting and standing.
  • 第3報呼吸運動の恒常性
    宮内 節子
    1960 年 26 巻 1 号 p. 79-85,A7
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2010/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    Respiration is regulated voluntarily and involuntarily, which makes respiratory movements very complicated. In the first and second reports, the author found the fact that the respiratory type of larger part of Japanese was abdominal. But owing to the complication of respiratory movements, further research was needed in the same sub. jects experimented in winter and summer. Thus following results were obtained.
    1. Seasonal changes of respiratory type were little. Especially in supine position no remarkable change was seen.
    2. In summer the percentage of costal type of young women increased.
    3. Respiratory movements of chest were more stable than that of abdomen. Stability of respiratory movements increased with age.
    4. Abdominal type of respiration was found in larger part of Japanese. Especially in supine position, most subjects respired in abdominal type, indifferent of sex and age.
    5. Respiratory patterns of each subject were fairly stable.
  • 第2報地域並びに生活程度による差異
    針生 敏雄
    1960 年 26 巻 1 号 p. 86-96,A8
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2010/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    仙台市内の小中学校をその所在する地域によつて中央部・中間部・周辺部等の地区に分け,又家庭の生活程度によつて上・中・下の3層に区分して11才(小学校6学年)及び14才(中学校3学年)の児童生徒について,身長・体重・胸囲の身体発育,走力・跳力・投力・懸垂力等の運動能力及び知能指数について比較検討した.
    1)地域別比較においては,発育殊に身長発育は一般に市中央部に優れ,周辺部に劣る傾向を示している.体重はほぼ身長発育に伴うが,14才女に於ては周辺部が優れている.胸囲は男女とも概して周辺部に大である傾向を示す.
    2)地域別にみた児童生徒の走・跳・投力等の運動能力は中央部と周辺部に優れ,中間部地区比劣る傾向を示す.14才男女,殊に女に於ては周辺部が特に優れている.
    3)知能指数は中央部児童生徒に優れ,周辺部児童生徒に劣るが,特に14才男女に於て其の差が顕著である.
    4)生活程度別児童生徒の身長・体重・胸囲の身体発育は概して生活程度上位群に良く,下位群に劣るが,その差は特に身長発育に顕著である.身長・体重・胸囲の身体発育の生活程度上位・中位・下位群間における差は女11才に於ては明かであるが女14才では明かでなくなる.
    5)生活程度別にみた児童生徒の走・跳・投力等の運動能力も概して生活程度上位群に良く,下位群に劣る傾向を示すが,身体発育に於ける程顕著ではない.
    6)生活程度別にみた上位・中位・下位群の児童生徒の知能指数は上位群に優れ,下位群に劣る.此の傾向は女より男に顕著である.
  • 諏訪 久
    1960 年 26 巻 1 号 p. 97-129,A8
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2010/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    著者はアフガニスタン滞在中, アフガン人, 外国人, 日本人の餅意により与えられた諸資料及び著者自身の考察によつてアフガニスタンに於ける次の様な事項を調査研究しここに報告する.
    (1) 生活環境
    (2) 体位
    (3) 医療状況
    (4) 人口問題
    (1) 生活環境: 社会階層を5段階に区分して観察した. 家族数は上層階級に多く, 生活費は上層に向つて急激に増大する. エンゲル係数は顕著で下層階級にあつては100%に達する. 生活条件は社会階級によつて非常に異る. アフガン人は日本人よりもはるかに多い脂肪と蛋白質とを鑛る. その食物はこの国の気候及び高度に適したものである.
    (2) 体位: アフガン人は日本人よりも身長, 体重, 胸囲, 座高に於いてすぐれている. 平均初潮年令はアフガン人は日本人より約2年早い。 最上層階級は最下層よりも平均初潮年令は11ヵ月早い. 初潮時以後の発育は殆ど認められない. 全血比重, 血清比重, ヘモグロビン値は上層階級に向つて増加する. 高血圧者は上層階級に多い. 断食月の握力は明らかに減退して年令による差はみられない.
    (3) 医療状況: 首府のカーブルには数個の国立病院があつて設備はよい. その他に公私立の診療所がある. カーブル大学からは毎年約40名のアフガン人医師が養成されている. 地方都市には国立及び私立の病院があり, 設備のよいものもみられる. 看護婦養成所も産科病院その他に附属していて, 毎年数10名の看護婦を養成する. 国立医療機関に於ける治療は総て無料である.
    (4) 人口問題=現在は人口密度は極めて小さい. 然し出産率の高いこと, 死亡率が衛生環境の改善, 新薬の普及等により減少しつつあることなどから, 近い将来人口が非常に多くなる可能性がある. 平均結婚年令1乳0才, 出産率7.1, 個人当り子供の数は6.8人である.
  • 諏訪 久
    1960 年 26 巻 1 号 p. 130-137,A9
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2010/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    理想的な気候, 安価で栄養の多い食物, 高給は在留邦人のもつ好条件であるが, 大部分の邦人はこれらの好条件を有効に使つて楽しむ能力がなく, 能率を下げている場合が多い. 又多くは1,2年の短期間の滞在のため, この国の事情に通じアフガン人に対しよい影響を与えるには至らない.
    肉体的にはこれら邦人は大部分健康であるが, 精神的には極めて不安定で精神異常を呈するものもある. 日本人は家族を伴なうべきであり, 強い意志をもち, この国に於ける生活を楽しむことが出来て, 個人の生活を互いにみだすことなく, 物事を本質的に考えることが出来る日本人を送るべきである. 英語, 独語, 仏語, ペルシヤ語等が自由に話せることは望ましく, 精神衛生上から言つても必要なる条件である.
  • 1960 年 26 巻 1 号 p. 138-152
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2010/12/22
    ジャーナル フリー
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