民族衛生
Online ISSN : 1882-868X
Print ISSN : 0368-9395
ISSN-L : 0368-9395
59 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
  • 前田 和甫
    1993 年 59 巻 6 号 p. 261-262
    発行日: 1993/11/30
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • ―日米の比較―
    井戸 ゆかり
    1993 年 59 巻 6 号 p. 263-270
    発行日: 1993/11/30
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Two approximately equivalent groups of Japanese and American female college students were asked about their conscious clothing preferences on a 5-point scale. One group consisted of 140 Japanese child psychology/development majors at Otsuma Women's University, and the other group consisted of 140 American counterparts in the University of Oregon. The results of one group were compared with those of the other. The Japanese consciousness, especially, "Kigane" is considered to be a typical defense mechanism and is reflected in their clothing preferences. Although "Kigane" is a difficult concept to translate into English, it is roughly equivalent to "being hesitant" or "feeling constraint" in doing something, being consious of others. Generally, the Japanese students expressed different emotions from American students. The Japanese students chose the clothing that would be most acceptable to others, considering what they would think of them. In contrast, the American students made their choices independent of group influences, choosing what they would like to wear and what was "comfortable" to them. The major difference in clothing preference between the two groups of students could be attributed to the differences in their upbringing, independence, and individuality, as well as more general cultural and social differences.
  • 趙 南勲, 洪 文植, 林 謙治
    1993 年 59 巻 6 号 p. 271-283
    発行日: 1993/11/30
    公開日: 2011/10/21
    ジャーナル フリー
     1961年以来の人口政策および急速な社会経済開発により韓国は多産多死から少産少死の人口転換を遂げた.1960年から90年まで出生率は41.7から15.6に下降し,死亡率は14.6から5.3に低下した.合計特殊出生率は60年では6.0であり87年には人口置き換え水準以下の1.6までに低下した. 人口年齢構造の急激な変化により高齢化社会の到来,労働力不足の問題が予測されるが,本研究では過去30年間の出生率の低下に寄与した因子を明らかにすることにより,今後の対策の方向を模索したい.分析方法は人口構造因子を解析するStandardization Approachおよび近接要因を解析するBongaartsモデルを用いた. 分析の結果1960~70年および1980~90年の両期間における粗出生率,総出生率の低下は共に主として有配偶出生率の低下によるものであり,61年の国家家族計画プログラムが引金となっていることが明らかとなった.また,Bongaartsモデルによる分析結果では結婚年齢の上昇,人工妊娠中絶の増加,避妊実行の普及の三つの因子が重要であるが人工妊娠中絶による影響は最近低下している. 本研究は今後の国家家族計画プログラムは従来の出生率低下を目指した量的なアプローチから母子保健など関連公衆衛生プログラムヘシフトする質的的な転換が必要であることを示唆するものである.
  • 井奈波 良一, 鷲野 嘉映, 藤田 節也, 吉田 英世, 岩田 弘敏
    1993 年 59 巻 6 号 p. 284-290
    発行日: 1993/11/30
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    To evaluate the actual condition of the traffic accidents resulting in injury or death of drivers and to assess the factors relating to them in Japan, the data concerning traffic accidents in 47 prefectures in Japan were surveyed and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results obtained were as follows. 1) In general, the numbers of traffic accidents resulting in injury or death of drivers/100, 000 persons having driver's licence and the ratio of traffic accident resulting in death of drivers to those resulting in injury and death of drivers in Great Tokyo were the lowest in Japan. 2) The numbers of traffic accidents resulting in injury and death of drivers/100, 000 persons having driver's license in each prefecture had significant positive relation to the total length of national highway and also to the proportion of workers in the secondary industries in males, and to the number of cars retained/total number of persons having driver's license in females. 3) The numbers of traffic accidents resulting in death of drivers/100, 000 persons having driver's license in each prefecture had significant positive relation to the total length of national highway and negative relation to the percentages of drivers with a seat-belt in persons driving a car and the population density in males . In females, they had significant postive relation to the number of cars retained/total number of persons having driver's licence. 4) The ratio of traffic accidents resulting in death of drivers to those resulting in injury and death of drivers had no relation to any considered factors in males or females.
  • 喜多村 望, 多田 学
    1993 年 59 巻 6 号 p. 291-300
    発行日: 1993/11/30
    公開日: 2010/06/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study is focused on the research and analyses of the actual conditions of junior high school students' life, in which we observe the most remarkable growth of the students. The subjects were the students of H Junior High School, which is located in H Town. Hikawa-gun, Shimane-ken. The percentage of successful collection was 98.3 percent and the data were finally collected from 518 students (including 265 male and 253 female students, and 2 not determined). The results are as follows: 1) More than half of the students get up without being waked by someone, but they have a tight schedule before they leave home, and many of them do not have time to evacuate the bowels. More female students than male students have difficulty in finding time to defecate before leaving home; therefore, female students suffer from fecal stasis . 2) Less than half of the students have breakfast with their family members, and the amount of their breakfast is far less than that of their school lunch. 3) Many of the students go to bed before twelve at night, but senior students tend to sit up late. 4) Many of the students enjoy their extra-curricula sports activities, but ninety percent of them feel fatigued. Fewer senior students enjoy their club activities. 5) The number of the students who take out-of-school lessons is not as large as is expected. Most of the students prepare for their study at home for one or two hours, but senior students do not study at home at all or do not study more than three hours. 6) Many of the students enjoy TV for between one and three hours, and a third of them enjoy "Famicon" (Family computer games). Fewer senior students, and fewer female students find pleasure in it. 7) More female students than male students try and have communication with each other among their family menbers; however, more senior students have little communication with reason of which and the cause of their worry are found in the matter concerning their school lessons. 8) More than half of the students have experienced non-disease type of headache or stomachache, and more junior students tend to experience them.
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