1. 本研究は果菜の等級選別のために, 機能性に優れ, 複数品目の果菜にも対応可能な汎用的選別システムを開発するもので, 第一段階としてマシンビジョンによる画像処理技術と階層型ニューラルネットワーク理論を導入した果菜の形状判定に関する基本的研究を行った.
2. 果菜の形状判定は定形である工業製品の形状判定に比べて, あいまいさがみられることから困難である.よって, マシンビジョンによって適切な判定をするには果菜の形状特徴の表現法が重要な要素となる.
3. 本研究では果菜の形状特徴は太さ, 長さ, 曲りの三要素で表現することを提案し, その選別評価として, 階層型ニューラルネットワーク理論を使った選別システムソフトウェアと選別システムを構築した.
4. 研究の第一歩として, 果菜の太さ, 長さおよび曲りを表現できる階層型ニューラルネットワークによる果菜の形状特徴抽出法と特徴量を導入した.
5. 作成したソフトウェアを検証するために, 学習と判定のシミュレーションを行い, 学習が成功したことを確認した.これにより, 果菜の等級選別システムの自動化の可能性を認めた

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1. 前報で作成した階層型ニューラルネットワークによる判定プログラムを用いてイチゴの形状判定を試みた.供試したイチゴは麗紅, とよのか, 女峰, 章姫とした.これらのイチゴの形状ランク基準を宮崎県, 栃木県, 福岡県の標準規格表に基づき作成した.
2. 標準パターンとして, 麗紅, とよのか, 女峰は形状ランク毎に1個, 章姫は3個の学習用パターンを作成した.品種毎に学習させたところ, いずれの品種においても学習は成功した.
3. 選別試験の結果, 麗紅で95%, とよのかで97%, 女峰で98%, 章姫で94%の一致率であった.判定後のイチゴはロボットにより各形状ランクに適格に区分された.よって, 今回作成した選別システムソフトウェアの有用性が認められた.
4. イチゴの画像面積と重さとの関係は相関係数0.93以上と高かった.これより, イチゴの階級選別はマシンビジョンによる判定が可能であると思われた.

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傾きが急激に変化しているような高周波成分を含んでいる原波形にランダムノイズが重畳している計測データのノイズ除去法を提案した.ノイズ除去の具体的方法は簡便な移動平均法であるが, 移動平均を適用するフィルタ長を原波形の変化に応じて適宜調整するものである.本方法のパラメータとしては原波形の変化の少ない部分の遮断周波数を決定するパラメータと, 急激な変化のある部分の遮断周波数を決定するパラメータの2つがあり, これらはそれぞれ干渉せずに作用するため, ノイズ除去の程度と急激な変化の保存性を独立に設定することが可能であることを示し, バーベナの伸長生長量の計測データを同方法により処理し, その有効性を確認した.

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カスミザクラの培養苗生産を前提とした培養プラグ苗生産コストを推測するために, 年間100,000本生産まで試算可能な培養プラグ苗の生産コスト式の確立を行った.10,000本の培養プラグ苗を生産する場合, 発根培養において1つのビーカーに挿しつけるシュート数による生産コストの影響は大きくないことが示唆された.

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The previously described cost simulation model was used to improve micropropagation of Brassica campestris cv. Kukitachina in vitro. The simulation was based on data obtained from different practical experiments including the use of simple medium and food containers, rooting from excised single shoots and acclimatization at a time, and so on.
There was no significant difference between the effect of Otsuka hydroponic culture nutrient or Hyponex with additives and the modified Murashige and Skoog's medium on successive shoot multiplication. Also the reagent grade sucrose could be replaced with table sugar, granular sugar or reagent grade glucose without adverse effect on the successive shoot multiplication. The above results suggested that cheap carbon sources could be successfully used in micropropagation. Also in comparison with culture bottles, food containers were equally effective for successive shoot multiplication. The shoots multiplied three times every 20 days. Rooting from excised shoots and acclimatization of in vitro plants were possible in nursery boxes and seventy per cent of regenerants were successfully planted out.
The production cost of in vitro plants at 10, 000 level production, using the above modified procedure was calculated to be 61. 0 yen per plant. This represents a 39% cost reduction when compared with the previously described laboratory procedure. Improvement of micropropagation by simulation of production cost was discussed.

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A prototype system has been developed, for the purpose of realizing a fruit harvesting system, here by us. This prototype system consists of 1) a robot with an articulated arm that has a small CCD camera in its hand and 2) real-time image processing technology.
This single camera can measure the three-dimensional position of a target in space by means of moving the camera after catching the target in its sight. The parameters of the camera system can be determined automatically by using image processing to measure a standard mark put on a known position. The robot system has the ability to learn the visual features of a target, extracting them from an image for example that of a tomato or an apple. Using these features the target can be recognized.
Results obtained from harvesting trials using tomatoes and apples have shown that prospects of practical speed and precision of harvesting are evident.

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Growth and maturity judgment for leafy head vegetable, such as cabbage, lettuce, and so on, is determined through vision by estimating head size. Image processing can be a vital tool for measuring parameters in agricultural production. Image processing technique for detecting the head of cabbage have been developed but the noise caused by outer leaves and adjacent cabbages resulted in failure of detection. Therefore, noise elimination techniques have been developed in this study based on the assumption that the top view shape of a cabbage is circular. Two techniques, Region of Interest Method and Hough Transformation Method, was investigated. These two methods showed the feasibility of estimating head size and the simplification of the process using a premise of cabbage characteristics. The Hough Transformation Method gave a higher precision of head detection than the Region of Interest Method, although the computed head size is slightly larger than the actual size. Processing speed of the Hough Transformation Method, however, was rather low. This latter performance, therefore, indicated the difficulty of its application to real time processing such as harvest mechanism.

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Shoots of five horticultural crops were cultured in the following systems, 1) the “Culture Pack” -Rockwool (CP-RW) system, a prototype of film culture system, 2) its practical model (PCP-RW system), and 3) a conventional culture system (BOS·AGAR). The aim is to investigate the efficiency of film culture systems on the in vitro production of plantlets. Regardless of the culture medium used and plant species examined in this study, increased growth of plantlets was obtained in both film culture systems as compared to those in the conventional system. This suggests that PCP?RW system is more efficient and has a greater practical value in micro-propagation of many crops than the conventional culture system (BOS·AGAR).

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of water quality on the germination and the growth of hypocotyl in plants. The spring water of Tetuta village in Okayama prefecture (M-water) influenced germination and elongation of the hypocotyl in the Kaiware radish. Compared with tap water (Kumamoto City), M-water gave a high rate of germination. The growth of hypocotyl with distilled water was significantly different (P=5) from that with M-water on 9 days after plating. The enzyme activity in the seed was higher with M-water than with tap and distilled water.

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The influence of water on plant tissue is discussed. The results of the cytological observation are as follows :
The average length of guard cells grown with desalinated water, tap water and M-water (Tetuta village) was 22.2, 25.7 and 27.9μm, respectively.
Epidermal cells of the hypocotyl cultivated with M-water were much larger than those cultivated with desalinated water and tap water.
Observation under an optical microscope, revealed that the vessel trachea in the vascular bundle had grown more vigorously in the M-water than in the desalinated water or tap water.
The concentration of auxin examined by P-test was higher in the plants cultivated with M-water.

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