キリ組織培養の低コスト化のために, 発根・順化に用いるシュートを継代培養シュートの腋芽を伸長させ, また, ピートモス成型品ジフィー9と透明プラスチック容器 (アグリポット) を用いたダイレクトルーティング法を確立した.従来の増殖, 伸長, 発根, 順化に分けて行なった場合, それぞれに30日, 30日, 30日, 50日かかり, 計140日間必要とした.一方, 今回のように腋芽を伸長させ, ダイレクトルーティングを行なうと30日, 70日の計100日間でポット苗ができるので, 40日間が短縮でき, 人件費と消耗品費のコストはおよそ半分になることが示された.注) 最近, キリてんぐ巣病の病原体はマイコプラズマ様徴生物から新しくファイトプラズマに分類された.

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This research studied the effect of Ca-artificial zeolites obtained from industrial waste on growth and nutrient uptake in rockwool culture of muskmelons. Examination was carried out for the addition of Ca-artificial zeolite to the rockwool slab and the application of concentrated nutrient solution at pollination stage of the melons. Nutrient solution high and low in terms of concentration were prepared with and without addition of Ca-artificial zeolite 1 (100g-300g).The result showed that uptake rate of mineral element by the muskmelons were increase with increasing in the addition of the zeolite. The results of this research show that fresh weight, plant height and fruit fresh weight of muskmelons cultivated with of 100g Ca-artificial zeolite in rockwool slab (20cmW×91cmL×7.5cmH) were greater than those of others.
The uptake rate of mineral element gradually rose before pollination, then remarkably increased immediately after pollination. The increased uptake rate of mineral element was observed for about C-D stage, followed by a sudden decrease in the degree to the levels before pollination.

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Extensin is one member of a class of hydroxyproline (Hyp) -rich glycoproteins present in a wide variety of plants. Extensins are the major protein component of the primary wall and they play a role in cell wall architecture. The Hyp content of higher plant tissue is said to be an evidence for existence of extensin in this tissue.
Analysis of Hyp contents of the calli inoculated (before regeneration culture) and the regenerated rice plantlets revealed that the bigger the size of inoculated calli and calli-parts of regenerated plantlets (mm in length) were, the lower the Hyp contents [nmol/mg (DW)] were. The gradual decrease of Hyp contents of these calli were observed from 13. 5 to 4. 88. The Hyp contents of regenerated plantlets were not influenced by the length of plantlets, i. e., the contents were constant (about 9. 65).
These above mentioned results suggested that the cell wall structure of the cells located on the surface zone of both calli and the calli-parts of regenerated plantlets might be fortified with extensin against the shear stress caused by medium agitation, but the cell wall construction and cell elongation of the regenerated plantlets might be synchronistical. A hypothetical model to calculate the thickness of outer layer possessing Hyp-rich cell walls within a callus was proposed and the thickness was calculated by a hypothetical equation.

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植物生産環境システムの具体例として, コンピュータや環境制御機器で管理されてきたきのこ工場をとりあげた.近年のきのこ工場は, 1サイクルあたり約220万本の栽培瓶を用いて, 年間1千トンクラスのブナシメジを生産する企業参入型もみられ, 特に経済性分析が重要である.
きのこ工場で必要となる設備・機械の経費と栽培瓶数の関係は, 区間回帰モデルで表すと
lnC (Qp) = (0.976, 0.122) + (0.600, 0.042) lnQp
となる.これを図1に示した.供試きのこ工場では年間の栽培瓶数は45万本で, このとき必要な施設・設備・機械の例を表2に準必需品を表3に示したが, 初期投資額は1億1250万円となる.この場合の費用配分は表4に, 電力を使用する主な機械と消費電力量を表5に示した.ここで瓶1本あたりの収穫量にファジィ数 (g) をもちいれぼ (102,160,214) と表わせる.この時の労務費は表4に, おもな従業員の1日あたりの労働時間は表6に示した.1時間あたりに120パック処理され従業員の時間給は700円とすれば, ブナシメジを生産するきのこ工場の必要経費 (万円) は (3862, 4226, 4566) となる.したがって, 100グラムあたりの生産原価 (円) は (40.1, 58.7, 99.5) と表すことができた.

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The CCD camera system is an effective tool for intact and non-destructive measurement of muskmelon fruit during growth. The system can digitize continuously the images of muskmelon fruit and calculate its surface area and volume with the computer in the system. We have, therefore, developed several CCD camera systems for obtaining the accurate information about the muskmelon fruits grown in a greenhouse.
The surface area and volume of the fruit rose markedly immediately after pollination and dropped near 20-30 days after pollination during the period of the growth.It is suggested that the fruit has an ability to attain large surface area and volume throughout all the stages of growth. It is surmised, by considering the physiological aspects of the fruit growth, that the uptake of mineral elements during the 20-30days after pollination affect the surface area and volume of the fruit.
In conclusion, these techniques made it possible to realize automatic measurement of muskmelon fruits and development of total system for monitoring and evaluating the fruits growth in a greenhouse.

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Plantlets regeneration culture by the method of medium exchange (two-step, from the first Fl medium to the second F2 medium) liquid regeneration was conducted to clarify a relationship between internal electric conductivity (EC) and fresh weight (W) of the cultured rice tissues (calli, plantlets)
EC and W of the cultured rice tissues were measured in terms of mS/cm and mg, respectively. There was a good correlation between EC and W, and regression equation was as follows : EC = 31. 25xW^-0.382 (mS/cm/mg) [95% confidence limit of regression index (0.382), 0. 178]. Namely, the heavier the weight [mg (FW)] of inoculated calli, calli-parts of regenerated plantlets and regenerated plantlets were, the lower the density of internal electrolytes was.
Total content of internal electrolytes in the tissues (TEC) was represented by the following equation, TEC = 31. 25xW^0.618. This equation was obtained by multiplying both members of the above-mentioned equation by W.
It was possible to optimize strength and volume of F2 medium as compared with F1 medium. This is, the above W^-0.382 of EC formula gave a close approximation F 2 strength 0.65 to a experimental F 2 strength 0.50 by substituting 3. 14 [= (9.9/ 1) ^1/2] for W, and the above W^0.618 of TEC gave a good approximation F2 volume 2. 03 to a experimental volume 2.00 by substituting 3. 14 for W. In the same way, regression equation between internal H⁺ or total internal H⁺ (TH⁺) and W was expressed as follows : H⁺ =127. 5xW^-0.422 or TH⁺ = 127. 5xW^0.578.
The above-mentioned equations represented the experimental results well.

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Cumulative responses such as fruit growth and plant growth, as affected by environmental factors, during storage for identification were frequently obtained by repeating the experiments under different environmental conditions. In this case, it is not well-known how many data patterns are necessary for the acceptable identification of a system. This paper explores an effective way for identifying the cumulative responses, which are obtained from a model, using neural networks. For identification, seven patterns of training data and six patterns of testing data were obtained from a model. Each pattern had 9 data for 9 days. The results show that a conventional identification method in which current output is estimated from previous time series of both input and output can be seen unsuitable for identification. An addition of linear data (1, 2, …, N), for example : number of days, as input variable significantly improves the accuracy of identification. Besides, the as input variable significantly improves the accuracy of identification. Besides, the estimated error becomes smaller when the number of data pattern is three or more. This result suggests that three types of data patterns are enough to identify the cumulative responses such as fruit growth.

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The effect of photoperiodicity on the growth of lettuce was experimentally examined for lettuce using the red and blue light-emitting diodes (LED) by changing day and night photoperiods. The result showed that the growth in the case of photoperiod of 4 hours was the largest compared with 12- and 6-hour cases for both fresh and dry weights by more than 60% at the largest. The result may be understood as the photosynthetic promotion effect by the rapid removal of assimilates due to the translocation during the night period.

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