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Article type: Cover
2001 Volume 12 Pages
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Published: May 19, 2001
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Article type: Cover
2001 Volume 12 Pages
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Yoshihiko YAMAZAKI
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Pages
1-2
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Hideichiro NAKANO
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Pages
3-8
Published: May 19, 2001
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This paper examines whether today's professions in general, and medical doctors in particular, have been 'withering' in terms of their distinct occupational features, which modern occupational sociologists constructed according to the model of the 'classic professions' such as doctor, lawyer, and priest. Systematic theory, authority, community sanction, ethic codes, and the sub-culture as the distinct features of the professions seem to be eroding today, as a society undertakes drastic changes in many respects. Medical profession as an concrete example is analyzed in the face of the challenges of 1) market, 2) state intervention, 3) patients' power, and 4) technological development. The conclusion is that today's medical practitioners are not the 'classical professions' any more.
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Susumu NAKANO
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Pages
9-13
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Noriko Nakajima
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Pages
14-19
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Keiko HIGUMA
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Pages
20-24
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Shozo MATSUURA, Ikuko SAKURAI, Masato IMAI
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Pages
25-31
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Kaoru NAKAGAWA
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Pages
32-46
Published: May 19, 2001
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The purpose of this paper is to review the research about physician-patient communication, especially about relationship between patient outcome (patient satisfaction, compliance, health outcomes) and physician-patient communication, and about the problem of the outcome measures. Finally, future direcitons are discussed.
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Minako SHIMEGI
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Pages
47-57
Published: May 19, 2001
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Caring for demented parents at home is a complex phenomenon and so is the experience of the carers. This paper explores meanings of such experience in retrospective by interviewing five persons who have thereafter taken leadership in a self-help group for the carers. Grounded theory approach is adopted in this study. The study reveals five specific stages in experience of the caring process, including the stage following death of the aged parents. Furthermore, three types of incidents which are independent of the process but tend to trigger qualitative shift in the experience are found. The paper discusses why the experience in retrospective appears to be still real, and why the interviewees "remember" their experience in such a detail.
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Yasuhiro YUUKI
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Pages
58-68
Published: May 19, 2001
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Japan has recently changed its National Social Welfare System in its implementation to the Contract base from the conventional Placement measures by the authorities. The main pupose of this shift in the Government policy is targeted to give the beneficiary of the Goverment Social Welfare Program a chance to choose the best suited program or portfolio for themselves among various types of the serivices offered by the privately operated service providers. We must admit, however, that the implementation of the public funded nursing care insurance scheme based on the Contract system heavily relies on the principle or rules of the market-oriented economy on one hand, which has created another issue of additional economic burden required for the eldery patients to support the system and take the benefit out of the scheme on the other and this has been controversial among the benefit recipients concerned and publicly as well. I would, therefore like to utilize the concept of Sen's Capability to cope with the issue, which tells us some ideas of what is the equality and freedom for the humankind.
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Yutaka DAI
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Pages
69-75
Published: May 19, 2001
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On-going decentralization has evoked several tasks for public health. One of the major tasks is the deterioration of health service provided by local authorities such as cities, towns and villages and the excessive gap of the service between municipalities. To tackle this task, this paper proposes a system intended for securing the service level and prevention of the gap occurrence, where the national and prefectural governments set up a quantitative standard of major services and where prefectures give advice and financial incentives to local authorities and directly provide information to residents based on the comparison between the standard and actual service performance.
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Toru MAMADA, Kazuhiro NAKAYAMA
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Pages
76-87
Published: May 19, 2001
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We review social research textbooks by Japanese authors published in the latter half of 1990's and examine methodological features and problems in those. Our main conclusions are as follows: (1) Four types of classifications of research methods are identified. The classification crossing the two types of the four seems most comprehensive and consistent. (2) We need to discuss the matter further to objectify non-statistical methods more. The extension of concepts such as editing, aftercoding, tabulation, reliability and validity may be useful in this case.
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Miwako HOSODA
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Pages
88-101
Published: May 19, 2001
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The people involved in medical scene are interested in "the team medical-care" and try to realize it, although it is considered to be difficult. I think these difficulties rise partly because the recognition and the practice of "the team medical-care" vary among the medical staffs. This article shows its variety, utilizing the fieldwork by the author and articles appeared in medical journals. The author picked up four main factors in the recognition and the practice of "the team medical-care" , and analyzed the difficulties. As a result, the current difficulties lie in the antinomic relations between those factors although they complement one another at the same time. Integrating the factors will bring the ideal type of "the team medical-care" for the medical staffs.
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Chiaki SHIRAI
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Pages
102-114
Published: May 19, 2001
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This paper represents the view of medicalization of reproduction, and considers Mcdonaldization of infertility. First, it explains the significance of researching infertility, and insist that it should set up operationally levels of analysis and areas of consideration. Next, it explains infertility by Mcdonaldization principle of efficiency, calculability, predictability, control. The index of Mcdonaldization, also can explain sneakerization and irrationality of rationality. In the future, it should develop trend analysis of "-zation" to analysis of dynamics.
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Setsuko SUGANO
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Pages
115-126
Published: May 19, 2001
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The new knowledge which could be acquired in the progress of science brings a great benefit to mankind. However, recently genetic screening by prenatal testing of pregnant women arouses controversy because prenatal testing causes selective abortion, which has big problem about ethical consideration. When pregnant women are confronted with difficulties that they have to decide whether they should have prenatal testing, they will have genetic counseling in hospital first. Although their determination is affected by practitioners' participation, there are some personal experiences underlying it.
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Sayo MITSUI
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Pages
127-139
Published: May 19, 2001
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This paper tried to understand why caring people want to be "professionals" through analysing the interaction with their clients. 'Caring' requires caring people to take the unlimited responsibility for their clients as an ideal type. But in practice, caring people have to specify their roles and functions, because they cannot have full control over the clients. Then they often wonder whether the specialization is appropriate for the clients. As they cannot depend on client's validation, they need the institutionalization of expertise to get evaluation. Through such consideration, we can start to reconsider the concept of caring professionals which differs from that of exclusive 'autonomy' model.
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Mari KUBOTA, Chizuko NAKAYA, Mizue SHIROMARU
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Pages
140-151
Published: May 19, 2001
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"Reconstrution" in nursing is in one sense, a protocol data of communication between the two persons; patient-nurse, patient-nursing student, clinical instructornursing student, etc. The purposes of this study are to explore the analysis systems of this protocol data consisted of instructor-student communication, and to identify the communication patterns which guide a student's positive response. Firstly, some research studies regarding "Reconstrution" in nursing are reviewed, followed by a discussion of the research design. The tools used for analysis are modified forms of KI system and Oguma's category. Results of this study revealed that one of the most effective pattern of instructor's verbal communication which guide a student's positive response is "Question with a clue". This Study is exploratory and descriptive in nature, but it seems that protocol analysis based on "Reconstrution" is useful for examine the instructors' teaching ability.
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ayako OKOCHI, yoshihiko YAMAZAKI, yukiyo MURASHIMA
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Pages
152-158
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 12 Pages
159-160
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Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 12 Pages
161-162
Published: May 19, 2001
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Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 12 Pages
163-
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Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 12 Pages
164-
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Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 12 Pages
165-166
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Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 12 Pages
167-
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Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 12 Pages
168-
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Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 12 Pages
169-170
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Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 12 Pages
171-
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Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 12 Pages
171-
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Article type: Cover
2001 Volume 12 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2001 Volume 12 Pages
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