The purpose of this paper is to discuss the psycho-social situation of PWA/PWARC in San Francisco. In order to accomplish this objective, four terms of participant observations on PWA/PWARC were conducted in 1987 and in 1989.

Through these observations, we obtained findings such as grief care and cares for substantial abuse, positive life and having something to live for, and those of psycho-social supports are of urgent importance for PWA/PWARC.

An investigation of 191 women students’ attitudes toward the new reproductive technologies revealed the highest rate of tolerance to AIH, and next highest to marital IVF and preconceptional sex selection limiting for the purpose of prevention of severe sex-linked genetic diseases. On the other hand, the respondents showed the highest intolerance to preconceptional sex selection for other purposes, and highly negative attitudes toward extramarital IVF, surrogate mothers and AID. These results suggest that young Japanese women have three standards in judgement on tolerance or intolerance to the new reproductive technologies; (1) whether maritally or extramaritally, (2) the technology’s naturalness, (3) the motive’s humanity.

This paper analysed health problems and illness behavior using health diaries of 38 villagers aged 50 and over in a sparsely depopulated mountain village with a heavy snow fall in Niigata prefecture. they kept a health diary for a month starting in winter, spring, summer, and autumn, respectively. 203 problem episodes(5.3 per person) were recorded with 22.2 percent of the episodes receiving modern medical care. Musculo-skeletal problems and headaches were the most common. No form of medical action was taken in the case of 47.8 percent of problem episodes. It was suggested that most occurrences of health problems were explained by factors of a unique lifestyle and a natural environment in each season in the area.

The hypothesis of this study is that the remote cause of present lack of nurse is the selection of course when the student graduates from high school.

The data about the entrance into a school or graduation of 3-year course nursing schools from 1970 to 1991, showed clearly that loss of latent nursing man power arise at a time in the nursing school from a point of view next five situations. 1)decrease of applicants for admission to school. 2)increase of examinees who decline entrance examintion. 3)increase of successful candidates who decline entrance into a school. 4) increase of the students who leave school after entrance. 5)increase of the students who changes the course to take a new field that is not nursing complete at a couse.

Measuring patient satisfaction, a subjective evaluation by patients, is a useful method to evaluating medical care, especially the dimension of doctor–patient relationship. It is also a valuable way for patients to paticipate in their medical care and a means for care providers to learn their patient’s opinions.

To achieve a multilateral evaluation of medical care, a compound use of patient satisfaction, peer review, and evaluation by provider is desirble.

In this paper, the methodology of developing patient satisfaction scales, how they are serveyed, their useful application in medical care, and their effectiveness and limitations are described.

Self-care is generally taken for granted as an element in health care. A well-formed concept of self-care is not to be found. This paper reviews literature concerned with the background and definitions of self-care.

While limited, the literature illustrates the dimensions of self-care and future research needs.