The Review of High Pressure Science and Technology
Online ISSN : 1348-1940
Print ISSN : 0917-639X
ISSN-L : 0917-639X
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Volume 26, Issue 2
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Foreword
Reviews—High-Pressure Neutron Diffraction Experiments -Practical Methods and Future Perspectives—
  • A Feature Article on High Pressure Neutron Study and A Beam Line “PLANET” Dedicated for High Pressure Research
    Takehiko YAGI
    2016 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 87-88
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 21, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.87
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    The history of the construction of “PLANET” neutron beam line at J-PARC, which was dedicated for high-pressure research, is reviewed and performance of the completed system is introduced. The unique features of PLANET such as very strong and bright neutron beam, large sample volume, and independently controllable 6-ram press, made it possible to perform new science in many fields.
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  • Overview of High-Pressure Neutron Beamline, PLANET, and Practical Aspects of the Experiments
    Takanori HATTORI, Asami SANO-FURUKAWA, Hiroshi ARIMA, Ken-ichi FUNAKOS ...
    2016 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 89-98
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 21, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.89
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    PLANET is a high-pressure neutron beamline constructed at pulsed-neutron source in Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) in J-PARC. The six-axis multi-anvil press designed for time of flight (TOF) neutron diffraction experiments enables routine data collection at high pressures and high temperatures up to 10 GPa and 2000 K, respectively. To obtain clean data, the beamline is equipped with the incident slits and receiving collimators that eliminate parasitic scattering from the high-pressure cell. The high performance of the diffractometer for the resolution (Δd/d～0.6%) and the accessible d-spacing range (0.2-8.4 Å) together with low-parasitic scattering characteristics enables precise structure determination of crystals and liquids under high pressure and temperature conditions.
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  • Toward the High-Pressure and Temperature Neutron Diffraction Using Large Volume Press
    Akihiro YAMADA, Hirotada GOTOU, Takehiko YAGI, Asami SANO-FURUKAWA
    2016 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 99-107
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 21, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.99
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    The technical development for the high-pressure and temperature neutron diffraction with six-axis large volume press, ATSUHIME, which has been installed at BL11 (PLANET) in J-PARC, is introduced. The 6-6-type assembly is one of suitable module for high-pressure neutron diffraction due to wide accessibility to the sample. In order to apply the 6-6-type assembly to the high-pressure neutron diffraction, large 6-6-type anvils (including anvils tightening by steel jacket) and the cell assembly have been designed and tested. The test compression and heating experiments demonstrated the usability of the large 6-6-type assembly. Future challenge is how high-intensity signal from sample can be ensured at high pressure.
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  • In Situ Observation of Deuterization Reaction of Iron under High Pressure and High Temperature
    Hiroyuki SAITOH, Akihiko MACHIDA, Katsutoshi AOKI
    2016 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 108-118
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 21, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.108
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    We have developed an in situ neutron diffraction technique for observing deuterization reactions of metals at temperatures up to 1000 K and pressures up to 10 GPa. The time evolution of the diffraction profile of iron due to deuterization was collected during heating to 1000 K at a fixed pressure of 6.3 GPa and the accumulated profile of the equilibrium solid-solution state at 988 K was taken with high statistics for precise analysis of its crystal structure. The detailed analytical method as well as the developed deuterization cell will be presented in this article.
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  • Development of Temperature-Pressure Variable System —Mito system— for Neutron Scattering Experiments
    Kazuki KOMATSU
    2016 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 119-127
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 21, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.119
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    A temperature-pressure variable system for neutron scattering experiments, so called “Mito system”, was developed several years ago. The Mito system allows us (1) to control pressure up to 10 GPa, and temperature from 80 K to 473 K; (2) to control temperature with very high rate (max. 20 K min−1); (3) to control temperature stably (±0.1 K over 100 K, and ±0.3 K below 100 K, approximately). It is particularly noteworthy that pressure can be downloadable to 0 GPa even at 80 K, which is not straightforward for other systems. Here I review the background of previous situation and technical problems of neutron diffraction experiments under non-ambient conditions before the development of Mito system, and also describe how these problems were overcome. Examples of neutron diffraction experiments by using the Mito system, and the currently progressing developments for the Mito system are briefly shown.
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  • Development of Opposed-Type Anvils with Wide-Angle Aperture and Investigation of Pressure-Induced Phase Transition of Ca(OD)2
    Riko IIZUKA-OKU
    2016 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 128-139
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 21, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.128
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    Newly designed opposed-type anvil assemblies were developed for acquiring high signal intensity of neutron diffraction data and ruby fluorescence spectra. Ni-binded WC anvils with a wide aperture angle, which were combined with a hybrid gasket made of TiZr and Al-alloy, achieved nearly ～15 GPa at room temperature. The neutron diffraction intensity was 2.5-3.0 times greater than that using the conventional toroidal anvil assemblies. The performance test of these new anvil assemblies confirms that sufficient quality diffraction data can be obtained. Using these assemblies, high-pressure behavior of hydrogen bond in Ca(OD)2 was investigated at PLANET beamline, J-PARC.
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  • Hydrogen Site Analyses of Dense Hydrous Mantle Minerals by Pulsed Neutron Powder Diffraction
    Takuo OKUCHI, Naotaka TOMIOKA, Narangoo PUREVJAV
    2016 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 140-148
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 21, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.140
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    Deuterium site positions and occupancies in the crystal structures of synthetic hydrous ringwoodite [γ-(Mg1.72Fe0.17D0.22)(Si0.97D0.12)O4] and dense hydrous magnesium silicate (DHMS) phase E [Mg2.28Si1.31O6D2.22] have been determined for the first time by high-resolution time-of-flight (TOF) neutron powder diffraction conducted at Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). These two minerals are the promised major careers of deep-mantle water. They were synthesized at pressures up to 19 GPa and at temperatures up to 1300℃ using a Kawai-type apparatus, for which we have newly designed two types of furnace assemblies to uniformly heat large masses of samples at these pressures (45 to 80 mg for each experimental run). The products were chemically uniform and free from any contamination of 1H. We successfully refined the structures of the two minerals to find the relations between their chemical bonding states and their physical properties.
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  • Pressure Effect on Magnetism and Multiferroicity in Olivine-Type Mn2GeO4
    Takashi HONDA
    2016 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 149-156
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 21, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.149
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    In this article, we introduce our recent high-pressure study on magnetism and multiferroicity in olivine-type Mn2GeO4. This compound shows successive magnetic transitions at ambient pressure and a ferroelectric ground state driven by spin-spiral order, i.e., a multiferroic state. The multiferroicity under high pressure was taken by using a recently constructed measurement system equipped with a diamond anvil cell. The pressure evolution of the magnetic structures was investigated with powder and single-crystal neutron scattering experiments using a Paris-Edinburgh press. We found that the ferroelectricity in the lowest-temperature phase disappears at 6 GPa where an incommensurate-commensurate magnetic phase transition is observed. The origin of the pressure-induced transition is discussed. Some details of the high-pressure experimental techniques will be also presented.
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  • Neutron Diffraction Experiments at High Pressure in SNS
    Shinichi MACHIDA
    2016 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 157-166
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 21, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.157
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    The diamond anvil cells (DACs) for the neutron diffraction experiments were developed at the high-pressure diffraction instrument, the Spallation Neutrons and Pressure (SNAP) in the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA. In the SNAP, the neutron data of ice VII were collected up to 94 GPa at room temperature. Also, the low temperature neutron experiments can be performed by using the DAC, PE-cell and gas-pressure-cell. In this article, the introduction for experimental techniques and review of the high-pressure neutron experiments on icy materials are shown.
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Review: 2015 JSHPST Award
Review: 2015 JSHPST Award for Young Scientists
  • High-Pressure Synthesis of Pb, Bi Containing Perovskites
    Kengo OKA
    2016 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 178-188
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 21, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.178
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    Pb- and Bi- containing perovskites exhibit exotic properties owing to the presence of 6s electrons. High-pressure technique is promising method for synthesizing a wide variety of the perovskites. In this paper, the exotic properties of Pb- or Bi- containing perovskites, such as the origin of a large tetragonal distortion in PbVO3, structural transformation of PbMnO3 under high pressure, a large volume collapse accompanied with spin state transition in BiCoO3, polarization rotation in BiCo1−xFexO3 solid solution, and negative thermal expansion in BiNiO3 based materials are demonstrated. These properties are attributed to the correlation between 6s orbital of Pb and Bi and 3d orbital of transition metal elements.
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  • Measurements of Electrical and Thermal Conductivity of Materials Deep Inside the Earth under High-Pressure Conditions
    Kenji OHTA
    2016 Volume 26 Issue 2 Pages 189-195
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: June 21, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.26.189
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    Knowledge about transport properties of Earth-forming minerals is important to understand the formation and the evolution of solid Earth. State-of-art high-pressure techniques help us to replicate the Earth's internal conditions, and to reveal various physical properties of minerals inside of the Earth. In this article, our high-pressure experimental studies for determinations of electrical and thermal transport properties of deep inside the Earth are reviewed with focusing on the following 3 topics; (1) electrical conductivity of the Earth's lower mantle, (2) electrical and thermal conductivity of the Earth's core, (3) lattice thermal conductivity of the lower mantle.
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