In 1969 there occurred university disputes on a nation-wide scale in Iapan. University dispute is one of the collective disputes in modern society. It is also an important topic for sociology of law which regards its analysis academic one.
In this report the writer attempts an objective analysis of the university disputs as one of social disputes from the legalsociological point of view.
The points under present discussion are the following three;
1. what their structure, character and function of the social groups as parties concerned in disputes are,
2. what their interests, opinions and demands in conflict among the group concerned are, and
3. what the social conditions for its solution are.
This report attempts to make clear the characteristics of university disputes, the disputes in a special society, in comparison with other social disputes by examining the above three points.
1. Analysis of the party concerned
Main groups concerned with disputes in the university are student groups and teacher groups. The former groups have three aspects; supporter of the proper student movement, supporter of the intelligentsia movement in the society, and supporter of the political movement by the outer political groups.
The report analizes how these three aspects are mutually related. The latter groups have two aspects; those of researcher & educator grougs and administator groups, the analysis of which are also important. Moreover, this report points out the problem of the complicated mutual relationship among the three groups of founder of the university, professors and students.
2. Analysis of the substance of dispute
The issues of university dispute can be divided into the following four points.
(1) The problems concerning the disposition of students and their civil rights and liberties.
(2) Living or economic problems of students concerning a campaign against raising tuition and for expansion of education facilities.
(3) The problems of such political demands as the protest against the Japan-U. S. Security Treaty and the war in Vietnam.
(4) The problems concerning research and education, such as curriculum, criticism to the existing learnings etc.
Of these, only (1) and (2) are the proper university disputes, which can be settled as such. Although the problems (3) and (4) cannot be classified as proper university problems, they are actually made issues in the disputes, which makes its settlement very difficult.
The real issue in the universiy dispute is the problem of university reform, which is attributable to university autonomy and democratization. This report analizes the social conditions of university autonomy and, in addition, indicates the necessity of overcoming bureaucracy in the university as a problem for its democratization.
3. Analysis of conditions for solution of the dispute
The means of settlement are the following two; settlement by power and that by agreement. This report suggests the situations in which the settlement by agreement is possible, and further, discusses about the relationship between the settlement by power and that by agreement in the social dispute in general.
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