法社会学

基調報告-法社会学のアイデンティティを求めて(二)-

棚瀬孝雄

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 2-8
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.2

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法律学とその方法

加藤雅信

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 9-23
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.9

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法における解釈的転回 (the interpretive turn)

長谷川晃

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 24-36
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.24

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法解釈の社会現象学

実定法的転倒はいかにして可能か

大澤真幸

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 37-48,336
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.37

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This paper aims at drawing an implication for legal interpretation from the investigation into the mechanism which makes possible the conversion to positive law in the modern society. First, Iwill show that in the system of positive law the subject of legal decision is not only empirical, but also transcendental. Second, I will explain that the transcendental instance of the subject is an abstractive form to which infinitely increased complexity of intentionality can be ascribed. Third, I will point out the paradox of positive law based upon such construction of the subject. This paper will prove that legal interpretation is necessarily objective and subjective.

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現代日本法解釈学の歴史的位相

広渡清吾

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 49-63,336
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.49

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Dieser Aufsatz bezweckt, die Charakteristik der gegenwärtigen Diskussion um die Methodenlehre in der japanischen Rechtswissenschaft kritisch zu analysieren und die Aufgabe der Rechtssoziologie dabei zu suchen. Er ist in der drei Teilen gegliedert. Der erste Teil behandelt die historische Entwicklung der Methodenlehre vor allem darüber, wie eine Entscheidung oder eine Wertung als "Recht" rechtfertigt werden kann, um das gegenwärtige Stadium des Methodenstreits in der japanischen Zivilrechtswis-senschaft zu charakterisieren. Der zweite Teil beschäftigt sich mit der sog. Gegenstrategie zu "Verrechtlichung", insbesondere der theoretischen Bemühungen von G. Teubner, weil sie auf die Diskussion der Methodenlehre in Japan von heute starken Einfluß ausüben. Hier zeigt sich der Zweifel über die bedenkenlosen Überführung der Konzeption von Teubner in Japan. Der dritte Teil legt vor, wie die Methodenlehre im Zusammenhang mit der Spezialität der Gesellschaftsstruktur Japans (die Überlegenheit der wirtschaftlichen Unternehmen in der ganzen Gesellschaft) übergedacht werden soll.

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社会過程としての法解釈

樫村志郎

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 64-73,335
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.64

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This article deals with the following problems.
[1] What does "social process" mean?
[2] How can the interpreter know the multiplicity of understanding as accomplished in/as interpretation of social acts?
[3] How can the interpreter refer to the law socially institutionalized body of rules?
[4] What can be achieved through referring to social rules?

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法曹養成と法の解釈

萩原金美

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 74-85,335
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.74

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Part 1
There is a significant difference between judicial practitioners and legal doctrines in the interpretation of laws. I have given an explanation of this difference and then evaluated the merits and demerits of legal education for trainees at the Judicial Research and Training Institute which emphasizes the distinguishing of legal facts from circumstancial facts in disputes.
In my view, this training is useful for developing the swift and efficient legal mind of a practitioner. On the other hand, because it relies mainly on the wording and structure of statutes, we must be careful of the tendency it may have to breed inflexible legal minds which would be detrimental to the development of law in this rapidly changing modern society.
Part 2
It should be noted that there are two factors influencing the interpretation of law by judges in contemporary Japan.
(1) The legal view maintained by the General Secretariat of the Supreme Court.
(2) Self-restraint from interfering in politically and/or socially hot issues.
Both of the above are by-products of the Japanese style career judge system.
We must also bear in mind the two different approaches of the judges to factfinding and application of law.
The first is abusive use of discretionary powers in fact-finding to facilitate the application of law and the second is to make his own interpretation of the law to suit the established facts. Most judges seem to prefer the former because it precludes the possibility of them being criticized by the higher courts and legal scholars.

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「法と経済学」の可能性と限界

水谷重秋

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 86-91,334
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.86

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The main problem of Law and Economics is in its peculiar attitude of using Pareto efficiency principle as a unique value criterion. If we want to develop this study further, we should introduce equity and justice criteria as well as Pareto principle in it. And the utilization of the theory of social choice will be expected to extend the possibility of Law and Economics.

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合理的行為者モデルによる法現象の社会学的分析

その可能性と限界に関する方法論的考察

木村邦博

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 92-96,334
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.92

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Students of "law and economics" adopt the rational choice approach. The approach contributes to giving an explanation of unintended consequences which result from aggregation of individuals' rational decisions or behaviors under the constraint of the law. However, it fails to explain why and how the law itself is established. Game theoretical models which formulate the problem of pollution caused by the use of metal-studded tires exemplify the possibility and the limit of the approach.

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不法行為法の経済理論

林田清明

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 97-102,334
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.97

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I. The Theory and Tools of "Law and Economics"
1. Where do Law and Economics meet?
2. What is the "Law and Economics"?
A. Economic Model
B. The Market Failure and Torts
II. The Economics of Tort Law
A. The Negligence Issue
B. The Unlawfulness Issue
1. Internalizing of Externalities
2. The Cheaper Cost Avoider
III. Other Issues
1. Deterrence or Compensation: Purposes of Tort Law
2. The Fault Liability Rule and The Strict Liability Rule Conclusions

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契約法領域における「法と経済学」

河上正二

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 103-110,333
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.103

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In this report, I have tried first to show the characteristic viewpoints and framework of the economic approach to the law of contracts. The Problems noted here are as follows;
(1) General principles of contract law supporting the free market system, especially, (a) individual accountability and freedom of contract, (b) the binding force of contract and, remedies (including damages as a test for the efficient breach of contract), (c) fairness of the bargain and fair risk allocation;
(2) Interpretation of contract and the role of dispositive law as a means reducing information error costs;
(3) Problems concerned with control of or intervention to contracts, especially regulations of disclosure, undue influence and unfair terms.
Even so rough a survey, reveals the efficacy of 'law & economics' penetrating the economic function of legal institutions. However, the fact that this approach produces some clear explanations may not be so surprising, given the importance of economic rationality in social behavior.
However, the law & economics approach remains questionable with respect to efficiency as a normative standard for legal justice. First, efficiency without theory of wealth distribution is really neutral (the strong often becomes much stronger). Second, economic analysis treats all trading as an uncertain or groping process for equilibrium ('tatonnement') without taking into account individual differencies, which are always very important for legal justice. Third, lawyers must construct legal arguments based on traditional rules or conceptions generally containing some order of values mandated by legislators and legal traditions, which are not always in accordance with the economic efficiency.
Lastly, contrary to the above, I must say, recognition of limitations in analogies to market mechanisms do not reduce the usefulness of law & economics. The tentions between traditional legal theory and law & economics should promote new fruitful developments in both.

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「法と経済学」と商事法

神田秀樹

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 111-115,332
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.111

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Despite the increased popularity of the "law-and-economics" approach in the commercial law area in the past years in the U.S., it remains inactive in the Japanese academic circle. The natural emphasis on economic efficiency in the law-and-economics scholarship has not attracted Japanese scholars in the commercial law area. Overemphasizing an efficiency criterion is not illuminating even in the commercial law area, in which players act in economic terms rather than with some other "social" norms. But underemphasizing the law-and-economic approach leads to misunderstanding the correct roles of commercial law. While commercial law scholars generally have not shown their interest in an interdisciplinary approach, including "law- and -sociology" and "law- and- economics", law- and -sociology scholars too have been inactive in undertaking research on topics in commercial law. Thus, perhaps commercial law studies in Japan have been isolated from other areas in the sense that no interdisciplinary approach has been attempted. Given the influence of the U.S. scholarship in this area, it is fair to say that the present Japanese situation will gradually change in the future yet, it is difficult to predict when such an approach, the law-and-economics one in particular, will be popularly employed in the commercial law area in Japan.

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法学•法社会学•法理論への心理学の貢献の可能性

心理学における正義•公正への関心を中心として

松村良之

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 116-120,332
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.116

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In the field of psychology, there are two origins of concerns of justice. One is the psychology of justice, which arose from the equity theory developed J.S. Adams in the field of social psychology. The other is cognitive-developmental theory on human morality developed by J. Piaget and L. Kohlberg in the field of developmental psychology. In psychology of justice, at the beginnings of 1970's, J. Thibaut conducted research on procedural justice and then psychologists and lawyers have come to share concerns to procedure.
Kohlberg's theory has an influence on the current social philosophy such as Rawls' and Herbermas' and the concept of justice in law.

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コールバーグの道徳性発達理論

発達心理学の立場から

山岸明子

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 121-125,331
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.121

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Kohlberg considers human being as active and rational, and development as separation or autonomy from the other and the situation. Because he values autonomous individual, or objectivity and rationality, his theory is apt to be considered as a modern theory. But his principled level seems to differ to some extent from the image of autonomous man which modern law presupposes. He values autonomy in the sense that one gets rid of restraint of unessential factor, by acquiring objective and rational cognition, but it is not equal to autonomy in the sense that one excludes the intervention from the other and decides by oneself.
The problem of development is rather what the principle of judgement is than whether one can judge independently from the other: the direction of development is the increase of equilibrium between self and the other.
Kohlberg's principled level seems to be related to the problem of self-government by the persons concerned (adversary system). Stage 5 where one considers justice as agreement among free and rational individuals (that is contract) supports self-government system. In stage 5 it is just to arrive at agreement through justifiable procedure, so one can leave resolution to the persons concerned, if each is assured to be free and equal. In stage 6, agreement is considered as just only when it is based on universal ethical principle. One in stage 6 must check if procedure arriving at agreement is based on universal principle, and pursue universal resolution which not only the persons concerned but also everyone can agree.
Kohlberg's basic idea is that discussing and deciding by themselves promotes moral development. The system of self-government by the persons concerned is necessary to develop morality and process of pursuing agreement through dialogue lives up to universal principle, but determination through such agreement is not always just.

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正義の心理学と倫理学

現代実践哲学の立場から

川本隆史

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 126-130,331
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.126

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The aim of my report is to evaluate the scope of moral unversalism and the complementarity between normative and positive theories. So I examine the theoretical exchage among three thinkers: John Rawls, Lawrence Kohlberg, and Jürgen Habermas. The main subject consists of three parts as follows: (a) Rawls and Kohlberg with respect to their Kantian=Piagetian formalism; (b) Habermas's criticism of Rawls on his "monologueness"; (c) the debate between Kohlberg and Habermas, the issue of which conserns the advantages and disadvantages of "the ideal role-taking" and "der praktische Diskurs".

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手続的公正の心理学と訴訟•紛争解決

松村良之

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 131-136,330
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.131

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This paper introduces Thibaut and Walker's works on psychology of procedural justice related to dispute resolution and makes a survey on the following studies which retest Thibaut and Walker's findings and conclusions. Then, this paper touches criterions of procedural justice developed by G.S. Leventhal. Finally, it discusses the psychological meanings of procedure justice.

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市民評価としての公正さ

社会心理学の観点から

竹西正典

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 137-143,330
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.137

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Procedural fairness has become dominant in psychological fairness study. Research revealed that procedural fairness is important in various situations as legal, political, organizational, and interactional settings, and identified procedural fairness criteria in such settings. Two surveys were conducted to assess fairness evaluation of the consumption tax and of the introducing procedure, and to explore underlyng criteria of them. In both surveys, five dimensions were obtained in factor analyses. Multiple regression analyses revealed factors contributing to total fairness of the tax: Procedural Fairness, Outcome Evaluation, and Affective Responses in Survey 1; Procedural Fairness, Outcome Evaluation, Government Evaluation, and Process Evaluation in Survey 2. Further analyses revealed factors affecting procedural fairness: Ramming the bill, Sufficiency of the Discussion, and Reflection in Survey 1; Ramming the bill, Sufficiency of the Discussion, Voice, Reflection, and Memory in Survey 2. The results showed that the citizens' evaluations changed positively in procedural aspects, and suggested that citizens distinguished procedure with outcome, and that procedural fairness and affective responses affected total fairness. The results in Survey 2 suggested that voice contributed to procedural fairness.

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刑法学における責任と刑罰

法社会学との対話を求めて

浅田和茂

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 144-149,329
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.144

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Heutzutage scheint die Zusammenarbeit mit Rechtssoziologie zunehmend erforderlich, z.B. in der Wirtschaftskriminalität, Schutz des Lebens usw., Strafrechtsdogmatik, die sich an die Normalität orientiert, ist ein Gebiet, das "Dialog" mit Rechtssoziologie besonders schwierig ist. Der Begriff "Schuld" ist mehrdeutig. Er ist in der Strafrechtsdogmatik eigenartig und anders als in der Umgangsprache verwendet worden. Man darf aber nicht außer Acht lassen, daß solche Eigenartigkeit nach und nach in der Strafrechtsgeschichte gestaltet ist, um die Rolle der Einschränkung der staatlichen Strafgewalt zu spielen.

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社会的非難の刑罰への反映

量刑をめぐる規範的考察

岡上雅美

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 150-155,329
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.150

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1. Einleitung
2. Gegenwärtige Zustand der japanischen Praxis und Fragestellung der Strz-Lehre
3. Structur des Strz-Urteils
4. Wissenschaftlicher Probleme über die Strz.
5. Schlußbemerkung

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一般人の責任判断過程の分析

萩原滋

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 156-160,329
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.156

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After reviewing social psychological formulation of defensive attribution and discussing the issue of two different senses, causality and culpability, included in the concept of responsibility as used in reference to the harm done, I introduced my own study results to emphasize that ordinary person's responsibility judgments are largely determined by the following two factors: 1) the causal relationship of the agent's act to the harm ensued, and 2) the morality of the act itself without regard to consequences. Finally, I briefly touched upon the possible differences in the usage of responsibility concept in criminal law and social psychology.

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少年の刑事裁判における責任と刑罰

「社会的影響」を中心として

鮎川潤

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 161-165,328
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.161

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Though the term "social influence" or "social impact" can very often be seen in judgment statements, the meaning and the usage of such statements have not been analyzed before. In this paper, while applying the Social Constructionist Perspective, the relationship between "Social influence" and the corresponding penalty meted out will be examined. The focus of this examination will be the Odaka Green Park Case, the Nagayama Case which was tried at the Supreme Court, and 13 other juvenile murder cases in which the death sentence was passed out. The connotations of "social influence" such as "social anxiety" and "imitation" can be seen in some sentencing, but remains ambiguous in others. It was discovered, however, that the penalty was severer when "social influence" was mentioned or emphasized.

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刑罰と責任

責任の構成をめぐる考察

大庭絵里

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 166-170,328
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.166

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This article aims at examining how the responsibility is constructed and attributed to the suspect in the criminal procedure. Responsibility is to be found in the course of interpreting an 'event' as a blameworthy story in the investigation and the court. Both the actor and his or her action in the event is retrospectively interpreted and defined as deviance with the unification of realities hold by those concerned with the case. Accordingly, the actor is blamed in various way by judges in the court. Types and nature of the blameworthiness are examined in this article. The resposibility is ambiguous but exists in the unified reality finally decided by the judges, whose interpretation, ligitimated by shared knowledge stocks in our society, may possibly lead to amplification of deviance and influence the decision of penalty. The court, as a ceremony of finding and attributing responsibility, plays a role to maintain social order.

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平井宜雄教授『法律学基礎論』の基礎

コモン•ロー理解との比較

長谷部恭男

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 171-174,327
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.171

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Professor Hirai's Basic Theory of Law seems to presuppose that legal disputes can be usually resolved by rational argumentation. The author argues that this optimism is justifiable if most lawyers in a given society receive a body of inter-subjective consensus which provides them guidance in what is conceived to be the rational determination of disputes. Such a presupposition was defended by the traditional common law theorists like Sir Matthew Hale or W.Blackstone, while criticized by positivistic thinkers like Thomas Hobbes or Jeremy Bentham.

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平井理論の法社会学的検討

池田恒男

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 175-179,327
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.175

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In spite of my general sympathy for the keynote of Professor Hirai's argument especially its conclusive theses in terms of rationalism, I am skeptical about some of. its points.
My points are as follows.
1 On the thesis of the "mode of juridical thinking"
I suppose this argument disregards the element of state-power of law, so confines itself to a specific historical condition, that is to say, legal circumstances of contemporary Japan.
2 On the thesis of "judicial precedent"
I am afraid his argument confuses the social character of interpretation of laws of power-holders (ex. Judges) with that of common people (including ordinary academic lawyers), so that his thesis is not practical enough for general public to recognize the real state of the exercise of the state-power as well as to criticize and control it.
3 On the viewpoint of putting in order the "Post-war jurisprudence" as well as of criticizing its "irrationalism"
I assume that he misreads the axis of its counter-balance and the root (i.e. the reproductive mechanism) of "irrationalism".
4 Others
On sublation of "the law as a rule" "the law as a power-spring" On the relation between the practical jurisprudence and the sociolegal study/social science

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民法学から

淡路剛久

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 180-188
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.180

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刑事法学から

荒木伸怡

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 189-193,326
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.189

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Eighteen years have passed since the establishment of the Japanese Society of Sociological Criminology. And also the Japanese Society of Victimology was established two years ago. Because of the frequent and organized exchange of ideas with sociologists and other behavioral scientists, criminology in Japan has changed greatly. These days, even the criminologists trained at law department are utilizing statistical and many other kinds of research method. The discussion among lawyers with traditional manner bears no internationality. Only the new or renewed scholars are eligible to share and exchange ideas with foreign criminologists. The article shows a lot of these research examples.

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法的決定規準の構成方法と決定の正統性問題

現代ドイツ法化論を機縁として

佐藤岩夫

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 194-198,326
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.194

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In this paper, I attempt to analyze the Juridification Theory, especially concerning the Legitimation of Legal Decision, and point out that the Juridification Theory has some difficulties.
1) Introduction
2) The background of the Juridification Theory
3) The construction of rule and the procedualisation of law
4) The Legitimation of Legal Decision

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行政的苦情処理の実態研究

消費生活センター職員の役割認識を中心として

守屋明

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 199-203,326
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.199

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The long history of non-judicial dispute settlement in Japan has produced a mixed attitude among both lawpersons and laypersons toward the administrative dispute resolution process. On one hand, it has been highly evaluated based on its practical efficiency and flexibility in solving individual problems, but on the other hand, it has been criticized as circumventing righteous assertions of individuals and enforcing second-quality justice to them.
But given the wide variety of dispute handling patterns in the administrative process, it is essential to examine the dilemma focusing on each concrete procedure to make discussion fruitful. This paper examines local consumer centers nationwide, through questionnaire, to clarify the role-definition in the mind of their staff, and compare it with consumers' expectation toward the administrative service.
The survey showed that both the administrative staff and consumers hold conflicting views concerning the way the administrative agencies handle consumer complaints, and that more staff are now willing to intervene consumer disputes actively to bring about a real gain to consumers. Paternalism is becoming more salient, and consumers seem to be willing to accept it. But the confidence in self-supporting efforts of consumers has not waned away in their mind yet.

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夫婦間紛争の裁判所外処理

民間相談機関における一つの試み

南方暁

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 204-207,325
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.204

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The main purpose of this report is to describe characteristics of the counselling and legal advice services for marital disputes provided by a non-profit organisation in Tokyo.
The clients often need professional assistance for resolving contentedly emotional and legal conflicts, which should be dealt with according to the 'subjective' and 'objective' criteira respectively. In this respect, the services should be given under the following conditions; volantary participation, equality between clients and specialists, confidentiality, and restricting the place for counselling or advising session.
Moreover, it is claimed that if the clients are supported emotionally by a counsellor while they have a session with a lawyer for obtaining legal advice, they are likely to be satisfied with the results.
Therefore, the organisation has a policy that a counsellor and a lawyer should co-operate on assisting clients under the abovementioned conditions and on focusing on 'subjective' and 'objective' aspects of the disputes.

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司法判断の決定過程と裁判の正当性

四宮和彦

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 208-214,325
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.208

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The starting point of this research work was to set up the following hypothesis: "The actual judicial system is not required to legitimate its juridical decision in a substantial way. As long as a judicial procedure is duly and formally legislated, the judicial system can be exempted from dealing with the problem of how to attest the legitimacy of each judgement in itself.
Turning to account in particular the "Scalogram Analysis" out of the "Judicial Behavior Analysis", a demonstration of the abovestated hypothes is based on experimental data will be developed.

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タイ法の近代化過程における婚姻法の発展

飯田順三

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 215-218,324
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.215

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In the late 19th century, Thailand's effort to modrenize its legal system produced a controversy over traditional marriage law institution, ie. polygamy. A French legislative adviser to the Thai government at that time, George Padoux, left a memorandum on the legal aspect of the question of substitution of monogamy to polygamy. The document shows that Padoux and other French advisers insisted on polygamy, respecting Thai traditional legal custom. On the other hand, Tokichi Masao, a Yale Doctor of Civil Law, was against polygamy, saying that Thai custom should be changed by legislation because most civilized nations including Japan had already adopted monogamy. The final decision was left before the King of Thailand. The King, though inclining toward monogamy, made a judgement: introduction of monogamy to Thai modern family law should be put off for the time being.
Twenty years later, in 1935, Thai monogamy was declared in its modern family law. It should be mentioned that Thai family law, since Thai pre-modern period, refused a notion of illegitimate child. Padoux had a same conclusion. Present Thai family law provides that a child born of a woman who is not married to a man is deemed to be the legitimate child of such woman.

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科学技術の発達と著作権法

及川伸

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 219-223,324
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.219

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As the new technologies opened up new avenues of creativity and communication, they also created new problems for the copyright law for protecting the right of authors. This paper will discuss the copyright law in Japan, considering comparatively the formation of the law in England and the United States as follows.
1) Preface
2) The Method of the Study of the Copyright
3) The History of the Anglo-American Copyright Law
4) The Enactment and Revision of the Japanese Copyright Law

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村興しのフィールドワーク

新潟県南魚沼郡塩沢町石打の事例を素材として

楜澤能生

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 224-228,323
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.224

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Wenn man eine rechtstheoretische und-soziologische Überlegung über postmodernes Recht in einem These "Von der Gesellschaftssteuerung mit interventionistischem Recht zur Selbstbestimmung und-verwaltung der Gesellschaft mit postinterventionistischem Recht" zusammenfassen könnte, liegt Mein Interesse darin, dieses These in der konkreten Rechtsphänomen zu prüfen und bestätigen. Unter diesem Gesichtspunkt wird ein Versuch zur endogenen Entwicklung in einem Dorf (Ishiuchi) untersucht.

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事実問題と法 (律) 問題

エールリッヒとキケロ

石川真人

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 229-233,323
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.229

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In diesem Aufsatz wird die Systematik in der Schrift de inventione Ciceros behandelt und der innere Zusammenhang des römischen Rechts mit der praktischen Juris-prudenz (Freirechtslehre) und der theoretischen Rechtswissenschaft (Rechtssoziologie) Eugen Ehrlichs behauptet.

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戦間期日本における「協調主義」の形成

伊藤孝夫

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 234-237,323
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.234

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The policy on industrial relations in Japan during the inter-war period can be characterized by the interest to the "harmonization" between manegement and labor.
It is said that this harmonizaton policy provided only the limited recognition of trade unionism, which was especially embodied by the enactment of the Labor Disputes Conciliation Law (1926). But whereas both "paternalism" in the late Meiji era and the policy aiming "unification of the employer and the employees" during the second world war implied the hostility to trade unionism, the harmonization policy, which recognized the equal position of the employer and the employees, was remarkable in its progressive approach and partly reflected the liberalism of "Taisyo Democracy".
This article describes the histrical background of the harmonization policy and considers its significance as legal thought.

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「物語り」と法社会学

北村隆憲

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 238-242,322
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.238

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This article attempts to offer some suggestions concerning possible contributions that the concept and model of "narrative" can make to studies in law and society. It first critically evaluates two American studies (the one by Peter Manning and the other by Bennett and Feldman) in which significance and validity of narrative models are recognized and appreciated. The article then examines some common difficulties and weaknesses involved in their narrative models, and seek to remedy the weaknesses to devise a more appropriate model of story with the aid of Greimasian semiotic model of narrative. In the concluding part, the paper points to a particular nexus that connects the narrative model and a traditional problem in the sociology of law: that of "legal culture."

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比較法的にみた法学論証理論

判決の日本的思考法?

竹下賢

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 243-247,322
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.243

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Deutsche Gelehrten charakterisieren die japanische Rechtssprechung als "redundant und spiralförmig" oder "apodiktisch-behauptend" gegenüber "'step by step' und linear" oder "argumentativ-diskursiv" bei der deutschen Rechtssprechung. Durch diese Charakterisierung darf man nicht Lrrationalität der japanischen Rechtssprechung hervorheben, sondern diese Struktur klar machen. Diese kommt von der konkreten und im ganzen anschauenden Denkweise bei Japaner her, die im Gegensatz zur abstrakten und argumentierenden Denkweise bei Dentschen steht. Die Denkweise bringt keire Argumentation von Normen, sondern Überredung durch Tatsachen.

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法における言説分析の可能性

中山竜一

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 248-251,321
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.248

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The close relationship between "Law and Language" has been more and more recognised in contemporary legal theories. But, as seen in the "main stream" theory like that of R. Dworkin, too much emphasis on "internal point of view" or "participants' view" could be dangerous, in the sense that it demands the volitional committment to the regime of the day. It is rather "detatched point of view", or "Verfremdung" of the daily legal practice that is required in the scientific study of law.
In the light of "discourse analysis" under the influence of Michel Foucault, the systematism, formalism, and autonomy of languages of law are seen as an self-image born out of the long interactions between other discursive formations (like politics, economics, morals, religions, etc..). In this sense, discourse analysis challenges the self-consciousness shared among legal professions, and sheds light on the "historical a priori" which rests beyond respective judgements of legality.

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『家族国家観』再考

修身書にみる家族の心性

牟田和恵

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 252-255,321
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.252

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It has been stressed that in modern Japan, Goverment utilized institutions of "Ie", traditional type of family, and patriarchal moral of Confucianism for mobilizing people's obedience to Emperor and the state.
But modern type of families, of which characteristics are domesticity and affectionate relationship between family members has emerged since middle of Meiji era, and this type of family was also utilized as tools of control over people by Goverment. In this paper, this will be proved by analysing textbooks on ethics used in 1870-1945.

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アメリカにおけるフェミニズム法理論の概観

神長百合子

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 256-260
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.256

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関係的人間像に基く法理論の可能性

高井裕之

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 261-265,321
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.261

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Carol Gilligan's "In a Different Voice" contrasts "the ethic of care", which emphasizes human interdependence, cooperation and responsibilities, with "the ethic of justice", which is premised on human autonomy, competition and rights. It is arguable that, in the modern West, the former is nurtured in the family as the realm of "reproduction of lives", while the latter is allocated to the market as the place of "production of things". Gilligan's perspective is useful for contemporary Japanese jurisprudence. Changes must be made in the structures of the laws regulating medicine and education, activities involving "reproduction of lives", to make them more care -oriented. It is crucial that this restructuring include the abolition of the sexual division of labor.

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棚瀬孝雄著『紛争と裁判の法社会学』

和田安弘

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 266-270
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.266

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高尾義彦著『強きをくじき-司法改革への道』

庭山英雄

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 271-275
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.271

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宮沢節生著 Frank G. Bennet, Jr. 訳 Jhon O. Haley 校閲『POLICING IN JAPAN (日本の警察活動)-A Study on Making Crime (犯罪構成過程の研究)』

所一彦

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 276-281
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.276

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湯浅•小池•大塚編『法人類学の地平』千葉正士教授古稀記念

有地亨

1993 年 1993 巻 45 号 p. 282-285
発行日: 1993/04/30
公開日: 2009/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11387/jsl1951.1993.282

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