The purpose of this paper is to clarify the characteristics and the current stage of preservation metadata in comparison with descriptive metadata. Preservation metadata records information on preservation in all aspects. Descriptive metadata, cataloging records based on cataloging rules, is metadata which is expressed and used to find and identify a resource and distinguish it from others. Four preservation metadata element sets were examined which had been proposed in projects among libraries: National Library of Australia (NLA), CEDARS in academic libraries in UK, NEDLIB in European national libraries and OCLC/RLG working group. On the other hand, MARC21 Format for Bibliographic Data and Nippon Cataloging Rules, 1987 Edition, 2001 Revision were taken as representatives of descriptive metadata. In conclusion, preservation metadata covers not only a range of descriptive metadata but also more detailed systems requirements and information about material than those of descriptive metadata. Preservation metadata also includes administrative metadata, for instance reason for preservation and preservation history, which descriptive metadata does not make much of.

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The paper tried to analyze bunko movement of the 1960s and 1970s. Bunko was started by mothers who hoped to improve their children's reading environment. It developed a movement for establishment of public library in the community soon. After that, bunko continued their activities as a unique cultural movement in Japan. More than 3,000 bunko have been established as children's book service points in Japan. This paper surveys the history of bunko during three periods. It is also considered relationship between bunko and public libraries. Although a large number of studies have been done on this subject, their primary focus is on the range of library service. This research will examine how the community reading environment is reflected in the bunko research. The results of this study identified some important points for the future direction of bunko research, by extracting relevant material from previous studies. These points were: (1) Continuity/non-continuity with the existing reading movement; (2) Influence of Kodomo-no-toshokan (The Children's Library) written by Momoko Ishii on bunko; (3) Aspect of mothers who run bunko.

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