This study focuses on the replacement of the US Library Services and Construction Act (LSCA) with the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA) and investigates the factors that affected the formation of new Federal library policy. I begin by comparins the National Information Infrastructure Initiative (NIII) and the LSCA, and then analyze the policy formation process from the submission of the LSTA draft for legal revision to the deliberation of the bill in Congress. Three points became apparent. (1) The role of libraries, as laid out in the NIII led to a switch in federal library policy toward to supporting the utilization of information and communications technology. (2) The library group worked to uphold relations between federal, state, and local governments. (3) Congress moved to unify federal library policy to support public, school, and university libraries, and to foster cooperation between library and museum administrations.

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