The purpose of this paper is to clarify the characteristics and issues of big city libraries in late modern Japan. The present study focuses on the “Five Big City Library Conference” composed of big city librarians, and compares the conference to other library meetings. Proceedings, articles, and library bulletins were used as clues for the analysis. According to sources, city librarians' main concerns were: (1) proposals to associate, (2) reading guidance and promotion, (3) how to purchase and select books, and (4) improvement of worker conditions and shortages of staff. Certain subjects of the conference were similar to other meetings. The city librarians also argued for unique issues such as proposing projects contributing to the library world and the nation, and consideration of the branch library system.