昭和医学会雑誌
Online ISSN : 2185-0976
Print ISSN : 0037-4342
ISSN-L : 0037-4342
16 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の15件中1~15を表示しています
  • 松本 純治, 浜田 彰彦, 中村 幸春, 鈴木 忠男
    1956 年 16 巻 5 号 p. 361-363
    発行日: 1956/11/30
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    When muscles are treated with veratrine, repetitive excitation occurs in the muscle. The present paper deals with the cycle of the repetitive excitation thus occurred.
    In the present experiments, several muscle bundles of sartorius muscle of Bufo vulgaris which were prepared by separating the muscle along the direction of the muscle fibres, were employed. Each of the muscle bundles was fixed to 5 separating chambers, and 10-4 veratrine was applied to its pelvic end and single stimulus was given to its tibial end thereafter. The action potential was led from the middle portion of the muscle to determine the cycle of the repetitive excitation of the muscle treated with veratrine. Interval diagrams were thus prepared. Further, various other determinations were conducted basing on the results of the above experiments to presume the location of the point where the repetitive excitation occur in the portion of the muscle to which veratrine was applied
  • 付フアントームによる測定実驗
    村山 陽一郎, 秋間 遒造, 上條 壽郎
    1956 年 16 巻 5 号 p. 364-367
    発行日: 1956/11/30
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the present work, the measurements of X-ray dose were carried out by means of film darkening method. Using the Benoist hardnessmeter, which is very familiar to radiologists, the authors obtained characteristic curves.
    Though this method was found very convenient, the scattered radiations from Al had to be calibrated.
  • 茨木縣勝田町枝川に発生した泉熱樣疾患の疫学並びに咽頭細菌の研究
    福留 勇, 木島 博保, 岡 秀, 内村 良二, 中沢 進, 竹内 方志
    1956 年 16 巻 5 号 p. 368-375
    発行日: 1956/11/30
    公開日: 2010/11/19
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the present Part, sporadic cases or suggestive cases of Izuminetsu fever and scarlet fever were clinically diagnosed, and the toroat flora thereof were investigated.
    The cases dealt with by the present Part were clinically and hematologically diagnosed. The examinations of the throat flora were conducted following the procedures described in the Parts 1 and 2 of the same series. The results were not constant in each of the cases. However, when summarized, α-type Streptococcus group was found in the largest instance followed by Neisseria group, Micrococcus group II, γ-type Streptococcus group, Hemophilus group, Diphtheroid group, and Staphylococcus aureus group was found in less instances.
    Among the organisms belonging to β-type Streptococcus group, those corresponding to Type I were relatively few in number. At least, there were no evidence that more organisms of this type are found in the cases of scarlet fever than in those of Izuminetsu fever. The above results disagreed with heretofore published data. Therefore, the present Part made discussions on the cause of this disagreement. The present Part accounted the use of antibiotics and lack of epidemiological ground to it.
    At any rate, the authors presumed no basic changes in the mouth flora in these diseases.
    The results of the present series of experiments are expected to be summarized in the forthcoming Part 4.
  • (東京都麻布小学校学童に発生した泉熱樣疾患とそれの咽頭細菌の研究)
    福留 勇, 木島 博保, 齊藤 歌子, 岡 秀, 内村 良二, 中沢 進, 竹内 方志
    1956 年 16 巻 5 号 p. 376-382
    発行日: 1956/11/30
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the present report, the thhroat flora of the cases of Izuminetsu fever occurred among the school children of Azabu Primary School in Tokyo in March, 1954 and those of the normal schoal children in Tokyo were compared.
    Because the present epidemic was first discovered and notified to the school authorities and the regional health centre by the authors, most of the throat swabs as the materials for the present work were collected in an early stage. Immediately after its discovery, the epidemic was diagnosed as Izuminetsu fever by the Control Team organized by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government and the Izuminetsu Research Group organized by the Ministry of Health and Welfare.
    Cultures were made from the throat swabs on 10% yeast extract rabbit blood agar for isolation. Approximately 10 kinds of colonies thus obtained were selected, and their quantitative relations were investigated. Partly, furthea detailed biological prperties of them were examined.
    In the same manner, normal control children were examined. As the result of the comparison of the data obtained in these two groups, the authors failed to recognize any qualitative difference between them. The species of organisms selected were restricted toa 10 species as stated in the above as the consequence of the selection. In other words, the majorities observed were.
    α-type Streptococcus group, Neisseria group, Micrococcus group II, γ-type Streptococcus group, Diphtheroid group, Staphylococcus aureus group, other Staphylococcus group and Hemophilus group etc. A fair number of organisms belonging to β-type Streptococcus group was also recognized. Those found in small number were gf course, Pneumococcus of mucoid type, Krebsiella, Actinomyces and yeast-like organisms. Tn view of the above, as far as the above species of organisms are concerned, no particular findings to be mentioned in the throat bacterial flora were recorded. That is to say that they were judged to belong to the normal throat flora.
    The above problem will be discussed in the Report 3 of the same series.
  • (猩紅熱或いは泉熱を思わせる患者の咽頭細菌の研究)
    福留 勇, 木島 博保, 岡 秀, 庄司 敬
    1956 年 16 巻 5 号 p. 383-388
    発行日: 1956/11/30
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    The present paper deals with the epidemiology and the bacterial flora of the throat mucus membrane of the cases of the Izuminetsu fever-like disease occurred in Edagawa, Katsuta-machi, Ibaraki Prefecture in January, 1952.
    The total number of cases was 45, woich occurred during the period from January 7 to 21, 1952. Most of the cases were school children, and were distributed roughly evenly among both sexes, According to information, the school children had several gatherings before the epidemic. The epidemic area was a low lying area along a river. When the epidemic waves were analysed by the helpful materials obtained in the occurrence patterns by areas and sexes in 8 small villages, the authors received an impression that, although the epidemic waves were simple, the cause of the epidemic was exercising multiple influences. The problem of the occurrence within a family was discussed referring to the above findings. The authors also stated that the present epidemic might be an epidemic of Izuminetsu fever, when viewed from the clinical findings and the epidemic waves. According to authors' routine procedures, the throat flora of 28 cases and 9 controls were classified by the cultivations on yeast extrct rabbit blood agar, semi-solid carbohydrate serum broth, 5% rabbit blood agar with or without 1% glucose and salt mannitol agar, and by Gram staining.
    The throat flora were classified tentatively as follows:
    1. Neisseria group
    2. α-type Streptococcus group
    3. β-type Streptococcus group
    4. γ-type Streptococcus group
    5. Corynebacterium group
    6. Staphylococcus aureus group
    7. Micrococcus group I
    8. Micrococcus group II
    9. Hemophilus hemolyticus group
    10. Non-hemolytic hemophilus group
    The frequency of detection and the quantitative relations of these flora were also racorded.
    As the results of the analysis of these data, the authors found it difficult to recognize any specific mutation among the bacterial flora of the throat mucus membrane of these cases. The present report will be followed by Reports 2, 3 and 4 of the same series of studies.
  • 中村 幸春, 鈴木 忠男, 松上 礼一郎, 奥平 達二
    1956 年 16 巻 5 号 p. 389-392
    発行日: 1956/11/30
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the present work, the authors investigated the influence of the extension of muscle on the excitatory curve of the end plate.
    Some of the end plates transmitted the nerve impulse to the muscle by single stimulus. However, there were various kinds of end plates which needed 2, 3 or ever 4 stimuli to transmit nerve impulse to the muscle.
    Consequently, the method in which both condition shock and test shock are given to the innervating nerve does not serve the purpose in the investigations of the excitatory curve of the end plate.
    Thus the authors adopted a method, in which the supermaximal stimulus is given to the aneural portion of the curarued muscle and the test shock is given to the innervating nerve, in order to investigate the excitatory curve of the end plate itself. As it is known that the extension of muscle enhances the potential of the end plate, the authors further investigated the changes induced by the extension of muscle in the excitatory curve of the end plate.
    For the experiments, curarized sartorius muscle-nerve preparatinn was employed. Condition shock was given at the aneural portion of the muscle end, and the test shock was given at the proximal end of the innervatning nerve.
    When the excitatory curve of the end plate was investigated by extending the tibial end of the muscle by 20%, the absolute refractory period was roughly 3 msec, and the relative refractory period was roughly 7 msec.
    When the excitatory curve of the end plate was. investigated in a similar manner but without extension of the muscle, the absolute refractory period was roughly 7 msec, and the relative refractory period was roughly 12 msec.
    In other words, it was made clear that the extension of the muscle enhances the potential of the end plate, and that simultaneously it shortens the absolute refractory period and the relative refractory period of the end plate itself.
  • 中村 幸春, 浜田 彰彦, 松本 純治, 城間 繁
    1956 年 16 巻 5 号 p. 393-396
    発行日: 1956/11/30
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the preaent paper, the influence of the extension of muscle on the facilitation of end plate was investigated.
    When 2 successive nerve impulses were given at an adequate interval to the innervating nerve at the end plate, the end plate potential induced by the second impulse is larger than that induced by a single nerve impulse. In other words, facilitation is observed at the end plate.
    The extension of muscle induces a larger end plate potential, though the extension induces a smaller facilitation in grade.
    In the present paper, the authors investigated the phenomenon induced when the first impulse was given directly to the muscle and the second impulse was given to the nerve with the extension of the muscle.
    In the present experiments, sartorius muscle-nerve rpreparation was employed. The first impulse was given at the aneural portion of the pelvic end of the muscle, and the second impulse was given to the nerve. By this method, the excitability of the end plate, i. e., the recovery curve of the non-curarized muscle was investigated. The absolute refractory period of this complex excitatory system was 7 cosec, and the relative refractory period was roughly 10 mesc, which were roughly coincided with the refractory period of the curarized muscle. When similar experiments were carried out with muscles extended by 20%, supernormal period lasting roughly for 14 msec following relative refractory period lasting roughly for 3.5 msec. The fact means that the number of the excited muscle fibres has increases, thus the facilitation of the end plate occurred.
    In other words, since the excitatory pattern in the case when the first impulse was given to the nerve differs from that in the case when 2 successive impulses were given to the nerve, the influence of the extension of muscle on the facilitation of the end plate in each of the above two cases is considered to be contradicting each other.
  • 山口 滋嗣, 松本 経弘, 家亦 義治, 飯山 讓, 高柳 〓彌
    1956 年 16 巻 5 号 p. 397-409
    発行日: 1956/11/30
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the present work, the authors injected 1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole subcutaneously into mice, and observed the animals for 72 hours to investigate the toxicity. The authors further investigated the histological changes in the thyroid gland and liver. The following conclusions were thus drawn.
    1) When more than 8.0 mg of the drug was injected, the animals became fatal within 48 hours from the injection. The LD50 at 72 hours was 4.45±0.02 mg per 10 g of body weight.
    2) As the only finding in the thyroid gland in the case with the injection of low concentration of the drug, milder solidness of the follicles was observed as compared with that in the case with the injections of higher concentration of the drug. Excepting the above, no particular findings were recognized. However, as the concentration became higher, more follicles became poligonal in shape with more solidness, showing a tendency of vanishing vacuoles. Further, the follicular epithelium became higher, and the proliferation of the newly formed cells and a slight desquamation of epithelial cells were observed. The diminution in the function of thyroid gland was also recognized. Furthermore, at the concentration of approximately the LD50, the colloid was found deeply stained by eosin when stained with hematoxylin-eosin stain.
    3) As the finding in the liver in the case with the injection of lower concentration, fatty degeneration of the liver cells, and perivascular and interstitial round cells infiltration were observed. As the concentration became higher, the congestion of the blood vessels became more eminent, various degenerative changes of the liver cells such as granular degeneration, fatty degeneration, necrosis or necrosis-like changes were recognized.
  • 向山 正史, 吉田 文夫, 土屋 正彦, 会田 隆顯
    1956 年 16 巻 5 号 p. 410-415
    発行日: 1956/11/30
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    The case is a 2 years 3 months old female. She was complaining of fever, lethargy, left hemiplegia and convulsion in the tongue. By laboratory examinations, the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid was 200 mmH2O, cell count 429/3, sugar 75 mg/dl, Pandy negative and Nonne-Appelt nagative. In the blood picture, leucocytosis of moderate degree was noted. The case died with the manifestation of difficult deglutition and tristnus. A strain of virus identified with herpes simplex virus was isolated from the brain after autopsy.
    Follpwing the reports by Reames (1941), Zaraf onetis (1944), Whitman (1946), Fischer (1947) and others, the case is the 6 th well founded case of primary herpetic meningoencephalitis to be recorded in the literature. Changes found in the brain were demyelinization foci of various sizes, perivascular looseness, degeneration of the nerve cells, residual nodules, diffuse proliferation of glia cells, localized gatherings of glia cells, perivascular cell infiltrations and intramuclear inclusion bodies. They are summarized as follows.
    1) The distribution of these changes is diffuse.
    2) The character of the changes is primarily degenerative, and the cellular reaction is mild.
    3) So-called A-type inclusion bodies are recognized in the nucleus of nerve cells and oligodendroglia cells.
    In other words, the case was histopatholgically regarded as a case of acute diffuse meningoencephalitis with inclusion bodies.
  • 長谷川 圭吾
    1956 年 16 巻 5 号 p. 416-434
    発行日: 1956/11/30
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to investigate the influence of procaine, which is closely related to cocaine on the chick embryo, thus to elucidate the action of procaine at the embryonal stage, the author carried out the following experiments.
    First of all, attempt was made to learn the toxicity of procaine from the influence of procaine on the hatching of the fertilized hens' eggs, and further, the influence on the development of chick embryo was observed. Furthermore, the influence of procaine on the allantoic fluid, egg yolk, egg white and amniotic fluid was investigated, and quantitative determination of procaine and its decomposition products contained in these parts of egg was conducted in order to trace the diffusion and distribution within the living body of procaine injected into the egg white. The principal results thus obtained are as follows.
    With the addition of procaine exceeding 10 mg, perfect hatching of the chick embryo was hardly attained. Procaine injected into the egg white may be excreted through the egg yolk first and then the chick embryo, into the allantoic fluid (amniotic fluid) . In the case with theinjection of 1 mg of procaine, the determined value of procaine and its decomposition products contained in the chick embryo almost did not fluctuate during the entire incubation period. However, in the case with injection of 5 mg of procaine, the determined value was found increased as the incubation progressed. In this cases, the determinedd value of allantoic fluid was found gradually increased to reach the maximum on the 15 thh day of incubation. Contrary to this, the values of egg yolk and egg white were found decreased as the incubation progressed.
  • (ウイルスの孵化鶏卵継代と感染能の変動)
    鈴木 茂
    1956 年 16 巻 5 号 p. 435-444
    発行日: 1956/11/30
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    This part of the present series of papers deals with the analytical observations of the course of the chick embryo passages and the fluctuations in the chick erythrocytes hemagglutination titre and the infectivity of the mumps viruses. Actually, 17 generations of the passages were observed over the period of 11 months (from Eebruary to January of the following year) . For the passages, amniotic fluid collected mainly from a single egg was utilized. The viruses were examined, qualitatively as well as quantitatively by means of the chick erythrocytes hemagglutination. The intervals of passages ranged from 6 days to 188 days. During these periods, the viruses were stored in the freezing compartment of an electric refrigerator. As reported in the earlier part of the same series of papers, 2 strains of virus, Showa B and Showa D, were isolated by the author and his co-workers. After the viruses became transferable, surplus amount of viruses were employed in various kinds of experiment. Namely, as the results of the human experimental mumps or other immunological studies, the passaged viruses mentioned in the above were presumed to have passaged as pure lines of the viruses. The viruses were first detected at the 4 th generation in one strain, and at the 5 th generation in another strain. For several gernrations (9 and 10 generations respectively) thereafter, uniform 100% infections was attained in the passages. After the 10 th generation, however, part of the inoculated eggs remained negative. Passages from such negative eggs were continued negative for several generations, but the results remained negative in all cases. In the passages during the month of November, an increases in the number of positive eggs was recorded. Furthermore, the increase in the hemagglutination titre was also noted. A remarkable example of the increase in the hemagglutination titre was recognized in the 9-10 th generations of Showa B strain, namely from 320 to 3840. Another example was recorded in Showa D strain in the 10-13 th generations, namely from 40 to 1280, 2560 and to 3840. When viewed from the whole course of the passages, a noteworthy fluctuation such as the appearance of positive eggs (the hemagglutination titre was 640) in the early stage of the passages, the diminution and regaining thereafter in the hemagglutination titre and the infectivity were observed. Although the present paper did not give any conclusion as to whether such fluctuations in the infectivity or in the adaptability to the host of mumps viruses can solely be attributed to the passages or to the environment (the temperature for storage ect.) as well, discussions were made in the present paper suggesting that the phenomenon observed is expressing the characteristics of mumps viruses under the influences of these two factors. At any rate, the increase and diminution in the so-called infectivity in the single regg passages were systematically observed over a long period of time.
  • 室塚 英夫
    1956 年 16 巻 5 号 p. 445-464
    発行日: 1956/11/30
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    As a part of the studies on nicotine, the author conducted the following experiments employing fertilized hens' eggs.
    The influence of nicotine on the excretion of vitamin B1 into the allantoic fluid and on the vitamin B1 content of the liver was first investigated. Further, the vitamin B1 contents of amniotic fluid and hydropic fluid were determined in order to investigate the transference of vitamin B1 through the body fluid. Further, the excretion of pyruvic acid into the allantoic fluid by the addition of nicotine was investigated, thus the influence of nicotine on the sugar metabolism of chick embryo Fwas investigated. On the other hand, histological changes in the heart induced by nicotine were investigated and were compared with the changes in the liver which were described by Kiwaki et al. The followings are the principal result.
    1) In the case with the administration of nicotine of low concentration the difference in the body weight of chick embryo was not large when compared with that of the controls. However, with a higher concentration, the body weight of chick embryo demonstrated a tendency of decrease. Hydropsia, growth arrest (dwarfism) and other malformations in the chick embryo became more marked as the concentration of nicotine became higher.
    2) The amount of allantoic fluid became smaller as the concentration of nicotine added became higher. Especially, the decrease in the amount of allantoic fluid was found marked in the case of hydropic chick embryo.
    3) The decrease in the vitamin B1 content in the allantoic fluid was first recognized when the amount of nicotine added reached 1.5 mg, and the decrease bacame marked as the amount of nicotine became larger.
    4) The vitamin B1 content of the liver markedly increased as the incubation progressed.
    5) The vitamin B1 content of the liver first demonstrated a tendency of decrease when the amount of nicotine added reached 1.5 mg, and the decrease became marked as the amount of nicotine added became larger as in the case of allantoic fluid.
    6) In the control cases, the amount of amniotic fluid reached the maximum on the 12 th day, and slightly decreased gradually thereafter.
    7) The vitamin B1 content of the amniotic fluid in the case with the addition of nicotinn demonstrated a tendency of decrease when compared with the controls.
    8) Vitamin B1 was transferred into the hydropic fluid in the case added with 3.0 mg of nicotine.
    9) The amount of pyruvic acid in the allantoic fluid was found increased by the addition of nicotine when compared with the controls.
    10) Generally, the histopathological changes in the heart of chick embryo induced by the addition of nicotine were not remarkable. However, when compared with the controls, hydropsia, looseness, increase in the connective tissue and necrosis in addition to general mild atrophy of muscle fibres and circulatory failure were recognized.
  • 荏原 章悟, 増川 弘
    1956 年 16 巻 5 号 p. 465-468
    発行日: 1956/11/30
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    1) The authors experienced a case which demonstrate shock-like symptoms induced by the application of penicillin vaginal suppository and penicillin intradermal reaction. Since the symptoms became manifest during continuous application of suppository, the authors noticed the great cautiousnegs even in the application of suppository similarly to the injection therapy.
    2) Since 1953, penicillin treatmhnts were given to 1, 484 cases in the authors' Deparment. Allergic symptoms were observed in 16 case (1.07), and serious shock symptoms were recongized in 2 cases (0.13) . Among the 16 reative cases, 12 cases (75%) were caused by injections.
  • 日下部 輝夫
    1956 年 16 巻 5 号 p. 469-471
    発行日: 1956/11/30
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis with the principal complaint of explosive vomitting since several weeks from the birth is very often hardly curable by an internist. However, if diagnosis is given promptly, thoroughly prepared for operation, carefully operated by Ramstedt method, and if post-operative nutrition is well cared for under the cooperation by a pediatrician, operative treatment is believed to be safer and superior treatment compared with conservative treatment.
  • 堀 正雄, 渡辺 富雄, 平瀬 文子, 上村 正吉, 佐藤 幹雄, 荏原 章悟, 外山 順一, 増川 弘, 中沢 進, 沼尾 欣一, 坪井 ...
    1956 年 16 巻 5 号 p. 472-473
    発行日: 1956/11/30
    公開日: 2010/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
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