1. The acute toxic effect of Furfural in rabbits is stronger than Hydroxymethyl furfural.
2. Furfural administration is free from developing leucocytosis which can be observed at the initial stage of Hydroxymethyl furfural administration. The same can be said when Furfural is administered on splenectomized rabbits.
3. Administration of Furfural causes an evident decrease in the count of erythrocytes. Further, there is no remarkable difference between normal rabbits and splenectomized rabbits.
4. Histopathological changes of the cirrhosis of the liver was observed on the normal and splenectomized rabbits successively administered of Furfural for a period of 6 months.
In short, the presence or absence of spleen was found to have nothing to do with the toxic effect of furfural, especially, the hepatic disturbance due to the feeding of Furfural.

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Investigations were made on the influence of Nicotine tartrate (NT) injection on the Gluta-thione concentration (mostly, reduced Glutathione -GSH-) of the developing chick embryos. Stated in the following are the results obtained thereof:
GSH concentration of the brain showed practically no difference by the administration of NT, while that of the liver showed an evident increase as far rs the 15th day of incubation.
GSH concentration of the eye ball showed a remarkable lowering by the administration of NT, while that of the muscles showed a high concentration on the 9th day of incubation.
Changes in the GSH concentration of the yolk were stronger following the increase in the amount of NT administered and the mode of those changes was highly complicated.
In short, the administration of NT causes the development of marked growth disturbance, especially, malformation and hydrops, and it was found that this growth disturbance is always accompanied by the anomaly of glutathione metabolism. On the other hand, it appears that this toxic effect of NT is weaker but lasts for a longer period than Nicotine.

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A total of 49 strains of B, coli 055 were collected from various localities in Japan. Epidemiology of the infantile diarrhea caused by this microorganism wts discussed. Biological and serological behaviors of this microorganism were discussed. Stated in the following are the resultss obtained thereof:
1. The 49 strains of 055 employed in the present study were 45 strains isolated from human epidemics and 1 strain from the sea water of Tokyo port, 1 strain isolated from an ark shell and 2 strains isolated from the washing water of fish mongers in Tokyo. The 45 human strains were collected from the epidemics in Tokyo, Matsumoto, Nagoya and Okayama districts.
2. The 49 strains of 055 were classified tentatively into 7 subtypes on the basis of the findings of carbohydrate fermentation tests.
3. Of various small experimental animals, 055 was found to be infective on young rabbits and cats. Spontaneous infection attempted on cats was successful.
4. All the 49 strains of 055 did not show hemolytic action but 4 of them showed necrotic action.
5. All the 49 strains of 055 did not have any resistance against chloramphenicol.
6. As for the serotypes of the 49 strains, 50% were 055: B55: H2, 17.5% were 055: B5: H6, 12.5% were 055: B5: H. and 2.5% were 055: B5: H4. In the remaining 17.5%, it appears that H7, 10, 21 and other new serotypes are included.
Described in the above are the classification and the distribution of pathogenic coli strain 055 isolated in Japan.

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Investigations were made on the reagents used and various conditions of the reaction of varying methods of the quantitative determination of serum total cholesterol with an emphasis on Zak-Kitamura's method which is a modification of the ferric chloride deproteinization.
Results obtained showed that the values determined by Shibata's modification and Tokyo Medical College (TMC) modification were higher than those determined by Zak-Kitamura's modifition, while, the values obtained by Zak's original method, Zlatkis' modification and Kitamura's direct method were lower. Standard deviation, moreover, was large in the case of Zak's original method and TMC modification, while, that of Zlatkis' modification and Shibata's modification was small.
On comparison of those methods by the use of pure cholesterol dissolved in acetic acid, likewise, Shibata's modification and TMC modification showed high values, while Zak's original mothod, Zlatkis' modification and Kitamura's direct method showed low values, but the difference between those methods was small indicating that the presence of serum protein was the main cause of the above mentioned discrepancy and also insisting the importance of deproteinization for the quantitative determination of the total serum cholesterol.
The cold separation method devised by this author has several advantages that it enables the simple separation of protein, takes only a short time for quantitative determination, and moreover, its standard deviation is the smallest among various modifications and, therefore, it can give certain constant figures.

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Pantothenic acid, thioctic acid and orotic acid which are considered to have a physiological activity as coenzyme were administered on the patients of arterial sclerosis for a period of 4 weeks for the investigation of their decholesterolizing effect. Quantitative determination of the total cholesterol, morever, was done by the use of Zak-Kitamura's modification and the cold deprotenization method of this author's device. The results obtained were as follows:
The rate of the lowering of total cholesterol of the 42 cases received pantothenic acid was -12.5%. Seven cases received 45 mg of thiotic acid showed the rate of lowering -2.2%, while 16 cases received 60 mg showed the rate of -11.4 %. In the case of orotic acid, the 14 cases received 600 mg showed the rate of lowering -6.7%. Namely, some decholesterolizing effect was observed in all cases of the coenzymes examined in the present study.

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Listeriosis, an infectious disease in common among human and animal, develops sepsis in infants and young animals and abortion or encephalitis in adult human and animals. Especially, encephalitis is its main symptom. As a prophylactic measure for this infection, studies have been made on various kinds of killed vaccine, but none of them were found to be of complete satisfaction. On confirmation of the development of listerial encephalitis without fail by the route of infection discovered by Asahi et al, this author employed this method of challenge for the assessment of the prophylactic effect of various kinds of killed vaccine. The results showed that all the killed vaccine such as heat killed vaccine, formalinzed, chrome-alum adsorped, alcohol killed or the brain emulsion of the infected mice inactivated by formalin and culture filtrate all failed to show sufficient immunity,
It has been said that killed vaccine has no prophylactic effect and this author could confirm this on listerial encephalitis. Thus, it can be said that it is impossible to inhibit the development of listerial encephalitis by killed vaccine.

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As stated in the previous report, all kinds of killed vaccine were found to heveno prophylactic effect, so that studies were made on the manufacture of live vaccine and in this connection efforts were made to produce a variant of Listeria monocytogenes without pathogenicity.
1. Acriflavine resistance of listeria strains was from 0.05% to 0.07%. Cultures were made, therefore, first on the liver infusion agar medium containing the growth limit concentration of acriflavine as stated above. In the successive cultures, the concentration of acriflavine was increasedd gradually up to the maximum of 0.3% which was the maximum tolerable concentration.
2. Strains with this maximum tolerable acriflavine concentration had already lost their fermentation ability on lactose, dextrin, and saccharose which was possessed by the original strain.
3. As for their mouse pathogenicity, they failed to show any pathogenicity by the subcutaneous inoculation or lip scarification. But they still exhibited pathogenicity when inoculated intra peritoneally or intracerebrally.
4. On histolagical examination, the lesions produced were extremely mild. Thus. it was confirmed that the pathogenicity is attenuated in those acriflavine resistant strains.

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As stated in the previous report, acriflavine attenuated strain was found to have completely lost its pathogenicity in mice when inoculated subcutaneously or by lip scarification. Protection tests were attempted accoringly by the use of this strain on the development of listerial encephalitis by the infection with Listeria monocytogenes.
1. On investigating the route gf infection on mice, subcutaneous inoculation and lip scarification were found to give the best protection while intravenous, intracerebral and intraperitoneal inoculation, eye instillation and per os feeding were found to be insufficient. For practical purpose, subcutaneous inoculation is recommended.
2. A single subcutaneous inoculation of 0.5 mg of the attenuated bacilli into goats could prevent the development of listerial encephalitis.
3. The more the amount inoculated and the more the number of inoculations repeated, the stronger was the prophylactic effect against the development of listerial encephalitis in goats.

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The author conducted various investigations on the lung tumors induced in mice by oral administration of 0.25 per cent isonicotinic acid hydrazid (INH) histogenetically. The following, results were thus obtained.
1) Generally speaking, most of tumors were found on the pleural surface.
2) Inflammation and atelectasis showed no particular causative relations with the formation.
3) The majority of the lung tumors (adenoma) induced by administration of INH per os are considered to be alveolar epithelia origin.
4) Malignancy could not be confirmed in the present experiment up to 18th month.

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A report was made on a rare case of oesophageal debris who had developed oesophageal abscess by the presence of this debris. The patient was cured, by good hap, by the use of a large amount of antibiotics as well as by the spontaneous drainage after the treatment continued over a month.
Considerations were given on the geographic difference of oesophageal debris by the statistic observation of the patients in southern Formosa.

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The author could have the experience of treating a total of 413 cases of the papilloma of the external auditory canal in southern Formosa during a ten years period from 1950 to 1960.
Considerations were given on the cause of this disease after descriptions of the findings of statistic, clinical and histological observations.

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A report was made on a female 36 years old suffering from ceruminal adenoma which had appeared from the frontal wall of the cartilaginous external auditory canal of the right ear 2 years ago and had extended as far as to the half of the frontal wall of the osseous external auditory canal.

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Two cases of oesophageal double debris were experienced. The first case was found with 2 buttons hunging on the first stricture and the second case was found with 3 pieces of 10 sen aluminum coins incarcerated in the first stricture. In both cases, the debris were removed under direct oesophagoscopy.

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Studies were made for the improvement of the potency test of Japanese B encephalitis vaccine. Results obtained are summarized in the following :
1. The new potency test proposed is to use 60 young mice 3-4 weeks of age. They are divided into 2 groups of one receiving the intraperitoneal inoculation of a test vaccine in a dose of 0.1 ml on two occasions with an interval of 4 days and the other to serve as control. Eight days after inoculation, animals of both groups are challenged with an intraperitoneal inoculation of the test virus with a virulence of 3, 000 LD₅₀ in 0.2 ml of the inoculum and then the mortality rate is compared between the two groups.
2. The use of this method made it easy to perform the potency test of Japanese B encephalitis vaccine.
3. The use of this method made it possible to determine the expiration date of the same vaccine.
4. The use of this method facilitated the assay of the quality of this vaccine.
5. This method was adopted in 1953 as the routine procedure of the potency test of Japnese B encephlitis vaccine at the National Veterinary Assay Laboratory.

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Caeruloplasmin was purely isolated from blue globulin substance which was isolated from 10 folds redistilled water diluted pig plasma by acetic acid precipitation at pH 5.9. The purity of this substance was checked by supercentrifugation at 59910 r. p. m. in order to get symmetrical and narrow peak without any splits.
After repeated injection of oxidized and reduced caeruloplasmin to rabbits intramuscularly, peripheral blood pictures and bone marrow were investigated. The results obtained were as follows.
I) In the cases of reduced form (Cu⁺-glycoprotein), the number of erythrocytes were increased accompanying with relative lymphocytosis. The young cells of erythropoietic systems were increased with shift to the left. It seems that caeruloplasmin operates by increasing the rate of erythrocytes production and maturation as well as the rate of release of the erythrocytes from the blood-forming tissues.
II) In cases of oxidized form (Cu⁺⁺-glycoprotein), the cells of granulopoietic systems were increased. Bone marrow showed generally hyperplastic pictures. ATP had an effect on the rate of erythropoiesis in these cases.
III) Injection of ATP to rabbits induced no change in bone marrow.
In short, caeruloplasmin promotes increased cellular division of already existent erythropoietic precursors as well as augmenting division of stem cells into erythrocyte production.

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Studies were made on the serum protein fractions of acute nephritis, bronchial asthma, urticaria and strophulus of the children by the use of Tiselius apparatus.
Results showed the decrease of albumin and the increase of globulin in the case of acute nephritis and the decrease of albumin and the increase of β-and γ-globulin in bronchial asthma, the increase of albumin and α-globulin, a moderate increase of β-globulin and a moderate decrease of globulin in urticaria and the increase of albumin, α-globulin and the decrease of γ-globulin in strophulus.
Namely, the findings were mostly the same between nephritis and asthma and also between urticaria and strophulus.

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Schwartzmann's reaction and Arthus' phenomenon were produced in rabbits and studies were made on their relation to the clinical allergy.
Results showed the increase of albumin and α-globvlin and the decrease of β and γ-globulin in the case of Schwartzmann's reaction being mostly the same as the respective findings of urticaria and strophulus, while, in the case of Arthus' phenomenon, the decrease of albumin and the increase of globulin being mostly the same as the findings of nephritis and asthma. The pictures of serum protein fractions, moreover, are considered to be closely related with the period required from the time of occurrence to the appearance of the reaction.

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Schwartzmann's reaction and Arthus' phenomenon were produced in rabbits and at the same time they received either cortison, enforced Nle-minolhagen C or Restamin with an intention of inhibiting the development of those reactions. On examining their serum protein fractions, in all cases, the pictures of serum protein fractions were found to be restored to normal. This tendency was especially strong on γ-globulin. Accordingly, it is understood that all the drugs tested showed the inhibition of antibody production the level of γ-globulin being maintained at normal value.

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Out of the total 595 cases of gastric ulcer resection (390 cases in the Second Department of Surgery, Tokyo University during the 6 years and 3 months period from Novermber 1949 to February 1955 and 205 cases in the Department of Surgery, Showa Medical School during the 7 years period from 1953 to March 1960), 456 cases were found to have ulcers in the stomach. Of these 456 cases, 102 cases were excluded as they were the cases of linear gastric ulcer and the remaining 354 cases were employed in the statistic observation of their distribution and the tendency of healing made from the standpoint of histopathological findings.
1. Round and lanky ulcers occupied 44% of the total cases examined demonstrating that the majority of the cases employed were typical cases of gastric ulcer.
2. According to the classification based on the depth of ulcer, the majority were ul-IV degree occupying 61% of the total cases.
3. Ulcers of ul-III degree showed the best healing tendency, while the healing of ul-IV degree was extremely difficult.
4. The more typical ulcers were, the treatment was so much difficult.
5. As for the site of ulcer formation, most of the ulcers were found on the lesser curvature being 68% followed by the posterior wall and the anterior wall in the order listed. When viewed from the stand point of altitude, (distance from the pyloric ring) most ulcers were formed on the stomach angle or on the upper part of the stomach angle, followed by those formed on the pyloric ring. Ulcers formed on the pre pyloric sinus were relatively few.
6. As for the difference in the rate of repair depending on the locality of ulcer formations, shallow ulcers formed on the anterior and posterior wall were easy to heal, while it was recognized that the ulcers approaching to the ul-IV degree gradually lost their healing tendency. All the ulcers formed on the lesser curvature had a tendency difficult to heal regardless to their depth.
The rate of repair observed by the difference of altitude, moreover, showed that the shallow ulcers formed in the vicinity of the pyloric ring were easy to heal while those formed on the pre pyloric sinus were difficult to heal regardless to their depth. On the stomarh angle and the upper part of it, the ulcers of ul-II degree were rather difficult to heal, while those of ul-III degree were easy to heal. Ulcers of ul-II degree formed on the high altitude were extremely difficult to heal, while those of ul-III degree were quite easy to heal. Ulcers of ul-IV degree were difficult to heal regardless to the altitude of their site.
7. Regarding the distribution of ulcers by the difference of their depth, ulcers of the ul-II degree including both ulcerative stage and cicatrizing stage were mostly found on the pre pyloric sinus, especially, in the vicinity of the pyloric ring. Likewise, the ulcers of the ul-III degree were mostly distributed in the vicinity of the stomach angle and the pyloric ring without showing any difference between those on the ulcerative stage and those on the cicatrizing stage.
In the case of the ulcers of ul-IV degree too, they were mostly concentrated around the stomach angle of the lesser curvature without showing too much difference between the ulcers on ulcerative stage and those on cicatrizing stage. But those formed on the pre pyloric sinus were relatively few.
8. As for the rate of repair by the difference in the depth and locality, the ulcers of ul-II degree formed on the anterior wall were most easy to heal and those formed on the lesser curvature were most difficult. Ulcers of ul-III degree, regardless to the locality of their formation, were good in their healing tendency.
9. When observed by the difference of altitude, the ulcers of u-II degree formed in the vicinity of pyloric ring showed the best healing tendency. In the case of the ulcers of ul-III degree all showed good healing tendency except those formed on the pre pyloric sinus.

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An adequate amount of Chlorothiazide completely inhibits the development of nicotine hydrops and improves, up to a ceatain extent, the osseous damages caused by the administration of Nicotine. In the histological pictures of visceral organs, however, it was difficult to observe its antagonism against Nicotine.

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In the present experiment, Reserpine was administered on the developing eggs of white leghorn for the investigation of its toxicity and further for the study of its influence on the general growth of the embryos on different stages of incubation and on the increase in the weight of thyroid. At the same time, moreover, histopathological surveys were made with special reference on the liver and the kidney. Stated in the following are the results obtained thereof:
1. No malformation nor growth disturbance was recognized. Complete hatching, however, was not successful when Reserpine was administered in a dose of 1000 mcg.
2. No major difference was observed in the body weight of the chick embryos between the the control group and the experimental group.
3. Allantoic fluid showed an increase and this increase was intensified following the increase in the concentration of Reserpine administered.
4. Amniotic fluid was largest in quantity on the 15th day of embryonation and the embryos received lower concentrations of Reserpine showed severer changes in the quantity of amniotic fluid.
5. Though the weight of the thyroid of Reserpine administered embryos was lower than that of the control group on the 15th day of embryonation, it showed an evident increase on the 18th day and the 21st day of embryonation. Especially, there was a tendency to develop thyroidal swelling among the group received concentrated Reserpine.
6. As for the histological findings of the thyroid, slight nuclear condensation of the follicular epithelial cells was recognized among the 15th day embryos of the group received concentrated Reserpine.
7. Histological findings of the liver showed mild granular degeneration, vacuolar degeneration and nuclear condensation among the group received concentrated Reserpine. In the kidney, atrophy of the glomerulus and the renal tubule was recognized in the mesonephros and the swelling of the glomerulus in the metanephros of the group received concentrated Reserpine.
8. It apppears, in short, that Reserpine scarcely has any antithyroidal action on the thyroid of chick embyos.

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A report was made on a case of moist pleurisy suspicious of tumor on X-ray picture comparisons being made with similar cases experienced in the past which were 2 cases of the cancer of the lung, 1 cases each of the pulmonary suppuration and pulmonary fibroma.
Separately, discussions were made on the differential diagnosis of the cases showed round shadows on thoracic X-ray picture, namely, 1 case each of the localized tuberculous piothorax, cancer of the lung, pleural fibroma and 2 cases of the intrapleural tuberculous absess, and on the necessity of the use of X-ray pictures, especially, by tomography.
In order to avoid mistaken diagnosis, moreover, by the gradiated shadow, the importance of taking the nucleated shadow was emphasized for ascertaining the locality and the shape of the lesion.

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Macroscopic, histopathologic and clinical observations were made on a total of 59 cases of the duodenal ulcer excised in the Clinic of Surgery, Showa Medical School during the 7 years period from April 1953 to March 1960. For histopathological investigation, linear ulcers were discussed separately in view of the difference in their nature from other ulcers which were included under the term “ duodenal ulcer”.
1. Majority of the ulcers examined were round in shape.
2. Most of the linear ulcers were found on the lesser curvature and the duodenal ulcers on the frontal wall.
3. As for the altitude of ulcer formation, both the linear ulcers and the duodenal ulcers were found within 2 cm from the pyloric ring without exception.
4. As for the depth of the ulcers, both the linear ulcers and the duodenal ulcers were of the degree ul-IV.
5. As for the rate of repair, the healing tendency of the ulcers of ul-IV degree was extremely poor in contrast to the degree ul-II and III in either case of the linear ulcer or the duodenal ulcer.
6. As for the interrelationship of the shape, locality and depth, ul-IV degree ulcers were predominant on the lesser curvature, greater curvature and the frontal wall in both the linear ulcer and the duodenal ulcer. Duodenal ulcers were mostly ul-IV degree when they were either round, kissing or flat in shape and they were mostly ul-II degaee when they were irregular, multiple or other degrees.
7. The rate of occurrence between males and females was 58 : 1
8. The age received operation and that of the primary onset were mostly on the twenties and thirties. In most cases, the period of suffering was within 5 years.
9. Epigastric pain was predominant among the main complaints of the primary symptoms and the symptoms during the course of the disease.
10. Gastric juice was either normoacid or hyperacid and fecal occult blood was positive in high percentage.
11. Diagnostic value of X-ray examination is extremely high with high percentage of the detection of nische.
12. As for the relationship of the rate of repair and clinical pictures (ulcerative stage and cicatrizing stage), there was no difference by the difference of epigastric pain, sex or acidity of the gastric juice, but the age of primary onset and operation was younger among the patients of cicatrizing stage. Duration of the clinical course was longer, the rate of the detection of nische or occult blood was lower and the deformity of bulbus was higher on the patients of cicatrizing stage.
13. Round ulcers formed on the frontal wall showed an extremely high rate of perforation, while the ulcers adherent to the pyloric ring were free from this danger.

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Stated in the following are the results of the clinical observations made on the basal body temparature curves of the pupils (40 in Tokyo and 14 in Okinawa) in nurses' Schools by the use of common thermometer by arm pit method covering a period of total 119 cycles.
1. Body temperature curves were classified into 6 kinds by the nature of the high temparature phase including the typical biphasic curve and the monophasic curve and, further, they were classified into 4 groups by the difficulty in determining their types.
2. Typical monophasic curve occupied only 12% of the pupils in Tokyo, while it was 34% in Okinawa which was due to the younger age of the pupils in Tokyo.
3. Monophasic curve, or the curve in which the elevation of body temparature was recognized only for a short period immediately before the initiation of menstrual period (types V-VI) occupied 57.4% in Tokyo, while it was only 2.2% in Okinawa which was also due to the younger age of the pupils in Tokyo.
4. Curves of the inconsistent type (types II-IV) occupied 10.6% in Tokyo and 20.7% in Okinawa.
5. When observed by the length of the cycle, those who showed excessively short cycles being within 24 days and those who showed excessively long cycles being over 36 days were mostly among the types V and VI.
6. Group A curves, namely, the curves with clearly distinct types occupied 41.4% in Tokyo and 54% in Okinawa. Group A' curves, namely, the curves with poorly distinct types occupied 34.6% in Tokyo and 39% in Okinawa. B curves which would become distinct after due adjustment occupied 16% in Tokyo and 7% in Okinawa. Group C curves with indistinct types occupied 6 % in Tokyo, but none in Okinawa.
7. Period of the elevation in the basal body temparature was 1-4 days in most cases. The average of this period in Tokyo was 3.27 days and 1.8 days in Okinawa.
8. Duration of the high temparature phase was mostly 11-16 days in both Tokyo and Okinawa.

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