Tourniquet is a pressing bandage which reduces the quantity of bleeding of the orthopedic surgical operation point by winding it around the arm or a leg and pressing by air pressure. The standard setting pressure of the tourniquet is vague and its setting level is entrusted to medical doctor's judgment.

As a result, aftereffects such as the numbness are more likely to occur after orthopedic surgery. However the study of the influence on human body by pressing a bent using tourniquet is hardly conducted so far. For these problems, we confirmed that the living body showed a strong reaction for a change of the pressure on precedent study. Therefore we were aimed for the examination of the drive source that could make a fine adjustment of the pressure, examined whether the application of the EHD pump which we developed as a drive source of tourniquet is possible.

嚥下の神経・筋機構は非常に複雑で，バイオメカニクスは未だ明らかにされていない．本研究では，嚥下のバイオメカニクス研究に資することを目的に，四次元の筋骨格モデルを使って嚥下時の舌骨運動に関連する筋の逆動力学解析を行う． まず骨格系と空間および比較的大きな軟組織器官はＣＴ画像から，嚥下時の骨・軟骨・軟組織の各器官の動きは嚥下造影画像（30f/sec）から，それぞれデータを得て，ＣＧ画像ソフト(3dsMax)上で骨格系と器官を時間軸（30f/sec）上で立体再構築した（四次元骨器官モデル）．次に，解剖学的な知見で補助しつつ嚥下に関連する筋を再構築した．これを先の四次元骨器官モデルと統合することで，舌骨が，解剖学的に連結されている甲状・輪状軟骨や，舌骨に起始・停止する筋とともに運動する様子がモデル化された．次いで，舌骨と甲状・輪状軟骨の質量と各重心周りの慣性行列，重力，舌骨及び甲状軟骨・輪状軟骨の変位，舌骨と甲状・輪状軟骨の重心に作用する力と重心周りの回転トルクをつかった運動方程式を用い，重心軌跡，速度および加速度を求め，逆動力学計算により筋張力を求め，これを最適化計算して筋張力を推定した．最適化計算の結果では，筋張力が発揮される順番は，筋電図などによる従来の研究と一致していたが，筋張力発揮のパターンは，複雑すぎるように思われた．今後は，重力加速度や生体組織の粘弾性の影響を考慮する必要があると考えられる．

Breast reconstruction is desired it would be operated immediate after mastectomy from the points of cosmetic figuration and QOL. However, there is an issue that cosmetic outcomes in surgery because quantitative evaluation index for three-dimensional shape of the breasts had not been established. So that we developed image processing system that is able to evaluate quantitatively the shape of patient's breasts using pre and postoperative 2D and 3D information. Firstly, a point group data is obtained by the scanning of a breast structure pre and post mastectomy using Kinect V2. After that, three-dimensional breast shape data were divided into small grid data and were used to calculating breast volume difference. The total difference information between pre and post mastectomy were expanded on a two-dimensional map image. For validation check of our method, we measured and analyzed the semi-sphere and calculated the error. Then, we evaluated this system with trial subjects.

There are risks of revision because of polyethylene wear or aseptic loosening in the long-term follow-up. The data of implanted model and size is required at the time of revision surgery. Radiofrequency identification (RFID) has been widely used in historical management and logistics. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether RFID can be applied to polyethylene insert in total knee arthroplasty. The radio-resistant FerVID family (Fujitsu) was used. The RFID tags were embedded into the anterior side of inserts when they were manufactured at the temperature of 2200C and the compressive force of 245 kgf/cm2. The sensitivity of tags were measured with the reader/writer (DOTR-920). The sensitivity of embedded tags decreased to approximately 1/50. However, the maximum communicable distance could be more than 10 mm when the total knee joint with the embedded tag was applied to the cadaver knee.

Development of the regenerative medicine has been remarkable. Cell is cultured in vitro, and returned in vivo by the medicine. Cell orientation enhances the one directional contraction of the tissue. Cell is known to make orientation when cultured on the micropattern. In this study, cells are cultured using various checks micropattern. Photolithography technique was used to make a micropattern. SU-8 of resist on the glass substrate was exposed using the mask and developed to manufacture micropattern. Aspect rate of pattern was prepared in 3 types. Vertical length of the quadrangle is fixed at 10 μm and the horizontal length was manufactured at 10 μm, 8 μm, and 5 μm. C2C12 cells were cultured on the checks pattern for 20 days. C2C12 cells were observed along the pattern, which differentiate into myotubes. Aspect rate of the manufactured checks micropattern affects orientation of C2C12.

We have been working on the development of bio-actuator using a titanium coil. However, micro titanium coil was not contracted. One of the problem is that cell did not adhere on micro titanium coil. Therefore, cell was collected near micro titanium coil using electrical stimulation. In this study, as a step before working with the micro-titanium coils, cells were subjected to electrical stimulation experiments using titanium wire. Titanium thin film of 100 nm thick was deposited on slide glass in rectangular shape using an electron beam deposition apparatus. Titanium wire was mounted in parallel to the titanium thin film. Electric pulse was used with the power supply voltage 10 V, duty ratio 50% and 1 Hz frequency. Cell was observed using phase contrast microscope. Evaluation method was used with time-lapse movie of 30 seconds per frame.

We investigated the effect of low frequency pulse wave stimulation (LFPWS) on transcription levels of Na/K pump in skeletal muscle cells. Bilateral anterior tibial muscles of an F344 rat were pierced by two needles respectively under anesthesia with isoflurane. LFPWS (5 V, 0.7 msec) was given only to the right-side muscle for 1 hour at 30 ppm or 400 ppm. Those muscles were collected followed by total RNA extraction. The mRNA levels of both α1 and β1 subunits were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The mRNA level of α1 subunit did not change significantly between LFPWS-treated and untreated muscles either at 30 ppm (n=7) or 400 ppm (n=7). The level of β1 subunit did not change by LFPWS at 30 ppm (n=7), while that increased 1.5-fold at 400 ppm significantly (P<0.05, n=6). Our study demonstrated relatively selective upregulation of β1 subunit transcription induced by LFPWS on the skeletal muscles.

Total knee Arthroscopy (TKA) is an operation which replaces the damaged knee with an artificial knee implant. There are some kinds of TKA procedures, and various kinds of prosthesis. Thus, it becomes a tough work for surgeons to select an appropriate procedure and prosthesis for individual patients. This study proposes a prediction method of post-operative implanted knee kinematics. It predicts the post-operative kinematics from only pre-operative kinematics using a machine learning method with clinical big data. In 46 TKA subjects, the method predicts the post-operative anterior-posterior translation with a correlation coefficient of 0.77 and a root-mean-squared error of 0.7mm.

In order to reduce pain in needle insertion for hemodialysis, the author tried to develop a regional cooling patch employing an endothermic reaction of soluble chemicals. In this study, a prototype with urea was designed and evaluated by a human simulator to mimic temperature response by heat transfer from the blood flow. Surface area of the regional cooling patch was determined 1260 mm2 after the conventional handy-type regional cooling device. A prototype patch was made of a heat insulation sheet. Thirteen grams of urea was added to ten milliliters of distilled water inside the prototype patch. As a result of experiment, skin temperature of the human simulator kept between 15 and 20 degree Celsius for ten minutes.

Two type of disposable diapers, pad-type and tape-type, are used in combination in the nursing homes for the elderly in Japan. A waist-shaped torso was wore the pad-type and the tape-type diapers. To quantitative evaluate the urine absorption volume of the pad-type diaper, the electrodes were attached to the outer surface of the tape-type diaper. The electrodes evaluate the urine absorption volume of the pad-type diaper by the capacitance change. Saline of 100 mL was injected five times to the pad-type diaper. The torso postures were the supine and 30 degrees lateral positions. In both postures, the capacitance of the electrodes increased linearly with the increase in the saline absorption volume of the pad-type diaper. In each absorption volume of saline, the capacitance of the electrodes in the supine position was higher than the capacitance of the electrodes in 30 degrees lateral position.

The objective of this study is to minimize an influence of knee joint on an assistive moment through experiments and theoretical model as well.Tension of string was measured by a load cell. The relation between the flexion angle of knee joint and the tension of string was investigated experimentally by changing the distance along anteroposterior axis between string and knee joint. Theoretical relation between them was also investigated by using a mechanical model.Assistive moment decreased greatly due to the loosening of tension with an increment of knee angle when a string run along posterior line of knee joint. On the other hand, it became difficult to flex knee joint when the string run along anterior line of knee joint. The tension of string became almost constant when the string run along almost in the middle of anterior and posterior lines. Similar result was obtained from a theoretical model.

In the subjective selection test with paired food pictures for each opinion 'Like' and 'Dislike', the frequency of eye fixation for 'selected' pictures was higher than that for 'not selected' in the specific search. In this study, the diffusive and specific searches were obtained from eye fixation data in the subjective evaluation test by the stimulus-comparison method with opinions 'Like', 'Same', and 'Dislike', in which paired food pictures were displayed; left side is for reference, and right side is for evaluation. Results show no significant difference between the reference and the evaluated pictures in the specific search, which indicates to differ from the case of the selection test.

The healthcare for patients with spinal cord injury is burden to subjects and medical staffs and thus it is difficult to continuously monitor the pulse and respiration for a long time and early detect physical deconditioning. In this study, the health condition in a patient was evaluated through the pulse and respiration analysis using a non-conscious monitoring system installed in a bed. The capacitance-sensitive pressure sensor was located under the bed mattress. In a patient with spinal cord injury (55 years old), we successfully measured the pulse and respiration rate for three months and those instabilities through the analysis of those standard deviation and frequency distribution of the output signals. From the results, it is shown that the respiration instability and the pulse rate fluctuation can be detected using the present system. This method appears useful for the health condition monitoring and the alarm for physical deconditioning in the patients.

Although the most of the modern medical instruments has been computerized, they are not connected to hospital information systems. As a result, clinical recording still heavily relied on manpower. In this research, we attempt to connect medical instruments to a hospital information system. Once it is connected, detailed medical record can be obtained without increasing the workloads of clinicians. We selected infusion pump and syringe drivers as the examples of such medical devices. Connecting such devices enables the hospital information systems to watch detailed settings and statuses of the devices and to inform errors to clinicians. In this paper, we discuss preferable way to inform collected errors through interview with nurses.

The objective of this study is the development of a new antenna of the reader to acquire information of surgical instruments with radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags in operation room.It is common for instruments in operation room to be put on the mayo table and for their direction to be not fixed. In the case that the RFID tag is perpendicular, the current reader antenna cannot recognize it.A new antenna of the reader that could recognize RFID tags on mayo tables was developed. Because this antenna consisted of smaller antennas, the system could communicate with RFID tags without relying on the direction of instruments.

In 2005, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare was established health and welfare PKI certificate policy. MEDIS (Medical Information system development center) were constructed health and welfare public key infrastructure electronic certificate authority in accordance with this certificate policy. We have created a health care electronic signature service practice statement that defines such detailed operation method for production further. We had a well as regional acceptance examination stations paperwork procedure that becomes its subordinate provisions class. Electronic certificate of this MEDIS can be issued doctor, dentist, pharmacist, etc. 24 kinds of health care workers national qualification holders. Last year, we changed IC cards for record the electronic key to those of JAHIS standard. So, this HPKI cards has been standardized. In addition, it increased the encryption strength by of Secure Hash Algorithmsha-2(Sha-2).