In December of 1970, 100 Kolff dialyzers and 500 Kiil dialyzers were used in Japan and about 900 uremic patients received treatment for chronic hemodialysis.
Recently, UF 100, EX-01 and 117 Super coils have been found to be more useful than the original Twin coil. These new coils are designed to reduce priming volume and to obtain higher efficiencies than the Twin coil. Cuprophan is used as a new dialysis membrane and a plastic mesh supporting tubular Cuprophan has been improved. A plastic cuff to encase the coil is also available.
Urea dialysance of these new coils is approximately 150 ml/min at blood flow rate of 200 ml. Ultrafiltration of these coils is 6-8 ml/min at blood flow rate of 200 ml/min and venous pressure of 200 mmHg. Kiil dialyzer has lower efficiencies as compared with Kolff dialyzer. However Kiil dialyzer has advantages of preventing patient's Disequilibrium Syndrome, in addition to low cost of dialysis.
The main mechanical complication of Kolff dialyzer is membrane leak or rupture. The frequency of such troubles has decreased after 18 μ Cuprophan membrane began to be used. The main mechanical problem of Kiil dialyzer is disfunction of the control system of dialysate concentration. Kolff dialyzer has higher efficiencies and causes more frequent Disequilibrium Syndrome in patients. We used the bed-scale to monitor the body weight of patient and to control the removal of body water. If the loss of body weight of patient without edema is within 2 kg, the patient is safe. If a patient is in excessive hydration, the removal of body water of 4-6 kg is possible without any difficulties.
Many uremic patients are now fully or partly rehabilitated by hemodialysis treatment.

View full abstract

In this study, the resistivity ρ and capacity C of the myocardium of rats (age : 22, 50, 65, 80, and 110 days) were investigated under the frequency range from 200 Hz to 100 kHz and at the fixed temperature of 10°± 1°C.
The following results were found :
1) The characteristic curves of ρ measured at the respective frequencies converge towards a definite value (ρ≅120Ω·cm) which is obtained about twenty days before the time of birth. And this definite value is nearly equal to the ρ-value of the blood plasma of the rat.
2) The characteristic curves of C for rats of above instances measured by the same method coincide with the C-value of the blood plasma of the rat which is obtained at the point of the ρ-value≅120Ω·cm.
3) The ρ and C may be approximated by the following equations, R (∝ρ) =RE+R_L0/1+ (ωC_mR_L0) ², C=C_mR_L0²/R² {1+ (ωC_mR_L0) ²}+1/ω²CER_L0²The definite value of ρ is obtained when C_m, tends to become zero.
4) In the frequency range from 200 Hz to 300 Hz, ρ seems to depend upon the size of myocardial cells in the process of growth.

View full abstract

Based on the investigation of nonlinear characteristics, such as static nonlinearity, speed asymmetry, speed nonlinearity and asymmetric light response, which are found in pupil responses, a model of pupil control system is derived.
Nonlinear length tension characteristics of muscle bring about the static nonlinearity and speed nonlinearity and asymmetric activation causes speed asymmetry in the model. Nonlinear preprocessor may play an important role in light responses. A maximum detector is proposed as the mechanism to integrate two competing inputs, i. e. light and accommodation stimuli.
Responses of the model to step changes of accommodation and light stimuli, as well as to light pulses are examined.

View full abstract

This paper represents the two-part body plethysmographic method for the separate measurement of rib-cage and abdominal breathing in dynamics and analysis of respiratory control mechanics.
Devices consisted of ventilometer, displacement transducer, multi-discriminator and XYZ plotter used for four purposes :
(1) to make sure that chest wall has two principal moving parts and to analyze the physical relationships between volume changes and outward displacements of these parts;
(2) to quantify the separate volume contributions of these parts during breathing;
(3) to extract and estimate some disease information from the volume-motion relationships; and
(4) to classify the human breathing form in respect to physical characteristics, age and sex.
As the new method described herein gives good results, it will be used in biophysics, hygienics and the clinical field.

View full abstract

Several problems concerning the contact type phonocardiographic transducer are discussed. First, the measuring system, including the chest wall of human body, the transducer and its electrical load, is discussed briefly. Next, the properties of chest wall which may be measured by the transducer are discussed. The characteristic values of chest wall (the values not affected by the transducer), vibromotive force F, free velocity V and available power P^a of chest wall are considered respectively and the methods of measuring these values are discussed.
The chest wall impedance varies with the contact force of the transducer to the chest wall; it also differs by persons, so that the response of the transducer varies with it. For designing the phonocardiographic transducer, how this variation is taken into account constitutes an important problem. In this paper, the characteristics of cross points are used in designing it and the examples are indicated.

View full abstract