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Per capita waste generations vary widely in different cities and the amount remains at the same level. There are a numbers of studies about per capita waste generation of determinant, however, the studies focusing on regional towns are very few. In this study the per capita waste generation determinant of regional towns is investigated by field survey of combustible waste generation and questionnaires. Two regional towns were chosen for the study. It was found that the ratio of self-treatment and the weight of bags discharged from households were different between two towns. These factors might affect differences of per capita waste generation.

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This study reveals the situation of selling unwrapped fuits and vegetables by using data of Green Consumer Guides. It also analyzes the factors on and idea for realizing it. Data shows large gaps between advanced retailors and general retailors in selling unwapped. This results imply the potential to spread more in selling unwrapped fuits and vegetables. Primary factors to decide to sell fuits and vegetables unwrapped are thought to be "quickness of turnover" and "freshness" through interview investigation and the analysis of their results. Some retailors, however, sell them unwrapped in spite of bad conditions because of some needs. Those retail stores deviced some method like 1) shortening the time when fruits and vegetables display on shelves, by putting them a little one time and putting them often , or 2) making customers not feel them remains by displaying in small and attractive space. This study also implies the usefullness of this study's method in order to reveal factors of waste prevention behaviors of businesses.

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This study shows the variation of package's weight and discusses the potential reduction by changing design of packages. Weight of packages per content are widly varied and could be reduced potentially 95.4% of tea, 94.9% of grean tea and 70.8% of rice-cake cube respectively. The reduction rate of packages by weight is thought to be (1) about 10% by lightweighting(500ml PET bottle), (2) about 30% by buying double content per a product(tea bag), (3) about 70% by avoiding individual packages, (4) about 90% by changing form of product like from bottled liquid tea to leaf tea(green tea).

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This paper aims to gather information which contributes to make a guideline for proper management of flood disaster waste. The questionnaire survey and hearing investigation for asking scale of disasters, amount of waste generated, cost of waste disposal and problems occurred in the process of waste treatment were conducted for local municipality staff members. Result of the survey revealed that the average amount of flood disaster waste reached about 20% of the annual municipal solid waste discharge. The cost for the flood disaster waste was almost same as the ordinal municipal solid waste treatment. The staff members of local municipality have faced many troubles at the temporary stock yard. One of the most serious problems is the discharge of mixed waste to the stock yard. If the mixed waste was discharged, a lot of labor and cost were required. The reason why the mixed waste was discharged was analyzed by using structural model. The result indicated that the problem was caused by (1) insufficient preparation for the disaster waste by local municipality, (2) shortage of manpower and money for the waste treatment and (3) demand of the quick waste discharge by the citizens who does not cooperate in the waste separation.

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For the industrial wastes of 47 prefectures, we clarified the detail intermediate process, and compared the difference between the regions. As a results, the intermediate process was characteristic according to the each regions, that is caused by the difference for a kind of the waste which occurred with the industrial structure of regions. Especially, the regional characteristics of treatment and recycling were well shown by the presence and the amount of organic wastes that have various kinds and treatment systems. This research suggests that it is necessary: to promote diversification and development for the waste treatment by considering the demands structure of recycling resource, but only the generation structure of wastes, to introduce the policy in multi-scale that make the most use of regional characteristics by interregional cooperation because of the limit with only inner regional treatment system. The classified database enabled us to do a detailed analysis for the regional intermediate process and recycling that had been difficult in previous evaluations with existing statistics. It also enabled us to clarify the causes and problems regarding regional difference for the systems of treatment and recycling by comparison between the regions. Thus, it is expected to be used as a basic reference data when the direction of regional policy is decided for waste systems.

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We established the system to evaluate 1)Flow diagram of waste treatment,2)Cost of waste treatment and 3)Volume of CO2 emission comprehensively based on the published data and documents on the municipal waste treatment and the containers and packaging recycle in each prefecture and municipality available from various official bodies. By using this system, we studied the two cases of 1)Existing system and 2)Conversion of waste plastics into fuel + Melting treatment system. We concluded that the conversion of waste plastics into fuel for melting treatment enables us to realize a rational waste treatment system which minimizes landfill disposal and doesn't change the waste treatment cost and the CO2 emission volume so mush.

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We caught the findings on citizen's consciousness and conduct in response to retailer's bag charging system by means of the questionnaire survey in Ise City. The findings include followings: 1.Citizen accept retailer's bag charging system as the environment-conscious conduct. 2.Price incentive effect of the system is fairly strong,because WTPs of 30% citizen are lower than present bag price. 3.Retailer' bag charging system induces environment-conscious conducts other than my bag carrying. 4.Effect of retailer's bag charging system is the strongest measure for my bag carrying.

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We can see the progress of e-waste recycling through Home Appliance reycling law, or PC 3R systems. Recently, we experienced highly volatile commodity, especially mineral resources prices. These experiences forced us to turn our attention onto the smaller size electric appliance recycling, which is expected to carry more resource potentials, and EOL mobile phone is the typical example. In this study, we examined the consumer behaviors for the collection of EOL mobile phones. In the end, we found out the followings; more complete data transfer from EOL phone to their new phones is most important for consumers. Awareness raising of the existing recycling scheme is equally important. Lastly, the financial incentive schemes, such as cash-backs or deposit-refund system can be considered useful for this purposes.

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We investigate the performance change to start by charged making home system garbage, and passing year's transition afterwards for the resident in Fukuoka City, and the factor affecting was considered. The decrease in an economical sense of burden was seen while the morality feeling of the society had improved as a result of the interview that used the survey slip. Moreover, the influence by an economical, time sense of burden was not seen while the improvement of the morality feeling contributed to the formation of the action intention by the passage of three years after making to charge had been introduced from the result of the covariance structure analysis. And, only the participation rate of the individual collection with a specified bag decreases in the PET bottle while all the participation rates of the system of the used paper increase in the third year after it introduces it as a change in the exhaust action of the capitalization thing. Therefore, the acknowledgment level of information and the morality feeling of the society contribute from the influence of an economical, time sense of burden to the formation of the action intention, and it is guessed as no bias to a specific collection method and coming the selection of the best collection method on each occasion of the resident in the result exhaust action that three years have passed since it introduced it.

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The subject of this study on the "Coproductive Group Collection" is to seek sustainable ways for further efficient resource collection system in Japan. We named a recent group collection system "Coproductive Group Collection" since the collection is coproductively conducted among citizens, resource-collection dealers, and local governments. It is nobody's doubt that the group collection leads to cost cutbacks, a community exchange, increase recycling awareness, and so forth. However, it is also true that some community organizations have difficulties to continue group collection due to a lack of working members. According to our research from 2005, some important characteristics; providing information, collection staffs, collection systems, and financial aids, have verified as a potential method to sustain group collection successfully. Thus, we revealed the coproductive way is effective to promote sustainable group collection, and governments play a meditative role on the system.

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The corrugated cardboard composter means pro-environmental behavior with interest. It is very useful for a resident to practice that composter to reduce their garbage. But the administration has a limit to reduce garbage. It is appropriate for the administration to understand the corrugated cardboard composter as a means for environmental enlightening activity. The author and Kagoshima City executed the monitor investigation in 2008, and verified the effect given by the experience of using the corrugated cardboard composter. A lot of affirmative opinions are expressed from the monitor, and it is thought that it is an effective teaching material for an environmental enlightening activity though a significant result was not statistically shown.

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Consumption affected by changes in lifestyle is an important driving factor of household waste generation. In this study, the model by which household waste generation is estimated from consuption expenditure is applied to Okayama City. Firstly, a household consumption structure is estimated using an extension of the linear expenditure system (LES), thereafter, MSW generation by composition is quantitatively expressed in terms of the expenditure for consumption category and governmental countermeasures by using ordinary least squares (OLS).

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The standard of accounting for municipal solid waste management was decided by the Ministry of the Environment in June, 2007. However, problems are still remaining in the accounting of final disposal service. In the present accounting method, the unit cost of the disposal service is calculated by dividing final disposal cost by amount of landfilled waste. However, the final disposal cost contains not only the landfill cost but also the storage cost of the accumulated amount of the landfilled waste. This causes the improper evaluation of the final disposal service. And the other problem is that the depreciation method of facilities in the landfill site is not clearly being described. Moreover, the evaluation method for the benefit of the final disposal service is completely indefinite. From above noted viewpoints, this study proposed the new accounting method for appropriate cost-benefit evaluation on the final disposal service. The proposed method was applied to all landfill site in Japan to calculate the unit cost of final disposal service in 2006. Then a time series analysis for a landfill site was carried out.

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Biogas yield from food and paper waste (biogenic waste) was estimated based on an experimental separate collection of biogenic waste in Kyoto city. This data was used to compile life cycle inventories on Green House Gases (GHG) emission from household waste management. The reduction on the total amount of GHG by reducing leftover food was also estimated. Among four scenarios; incineration (1), separate collection and biogasification of food waste (2-A), biogenic waste (2-B), mechanical separation and biogasification(2-C), scenario (2-B) had lowest GHG emission, followed by scenario (2-C), (2-A) and (1). Reducing leftover food by 13% had equivalent effect of implementig the scenario (2-B). This result shows that reduction of leftover food is effective even when biogasification is applied.

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This study focused on separate collection of waste containers/packaging and kitchen waste, door-to-door collection. The authors collected working time data and tracking data by using GPS and GIS software, and developed the prediction models for waste collection and estimated the costs and CO2 emissions on some waste management scenarios; recycling scenarios, door-to-door collection scenario, etc. For the estimation of the whole waste management process, the authors applied the decision support tool "Strategic Solid Waste Management Supporting Software (SSWMSS, Japan)" developed by Okayama University, and conducted interval estimations by Monte Carlo simulation based on the distribution of the model coefficients.

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Vessels of the Kutani chinaware and the Yamanaka lacquerware which are traditinal crafts in the Ishikawa prefecture are compared with plastic vessels by LCA

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