Bulletin of JSME
Online ISSN : 1881-1426
Print ISSN : 0021-3764
Volume 29, Issue 248
Displaying 1-43 of 43 articles from this issue
  • Eiryo SHIRATORl, Fusahito YOSHIDA, Tetsuro HASHIGUCHI, Toshiharu ANDO
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 327-333
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Cyclic start-stop test of notched disk and fatigue test of compact specimen were made for an Al-alloy (JIS 6061-T6). Effects of the symmetricity of notch and the thickness of disk on the crack growth and the fatigue life were investigated. These effects were found pretty small. Relations between the crack growth rate and the cyclic range of stress intensity factors for both disk- and compact specimen-tests were found to be nearly coincident with each other. Criteria on the final fracture of disk were discussed based on the critical crack length. KIc criterion predicted a too small life (of a too small critical crack length), while mean stress criterion gave a little longer life (or a little larger critical crack length). Authors' formulae derived from rigid plastic analysis showed a fairly good agreement between the calculations and the experiments.
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  • Noriyuki MINEGISHI, Yoshihiko HAGIWARA
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 334-342
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this report, the authors pointed out the fact that the second stage fatigue crack propagation rate of a side grooved specimen becomes lower than that of a non-side grooved one. And also, they explained above phenomenon using three dimensional finite element method(3D-FEM). Namely, the reduction of the mean stress intensity factor by the addition of the side grooves is the main reason for this phenomenon. Therefore, it is possible to estimate the crack propagation behaviour of the side grooved specimen from that of the non side grooved one using the 3D-FEM without the experimental results of side grooved specimens. Further, the authors propose three simple methods to get the stress intensity factor for the side grooved specimen and show the merit of them. The methods are based on the methods of two dimensional finite element analysis (2D-FEM), the crack opening displacement and the theory of the mechanics of materials.
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  • Tomoaki TSUJI, Kazuo TAKAKUDA, Toshikazu SHIBUYA, Takashi KOIZUMI
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 343-347
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Transient thermal stresses in a half plane with a crack parallel to the surface are investigated. It is assumed that the half plane is initially at uniform temperature, and subjected to stepwise temperature rise on the surface. The problem is formulated as integral equations. From their numerical solutions, variations of the stress intensity factors with time are obtained.
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  • Hisaaki TOBUSHI, Yutaka NARUMI, Kozi OSAWA
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 348-354
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Applying constant axial stress and variable torsional stress to a thin-walled tubular specimen of softened celluloid, creep deformation of the material was investigated. The main features obtained may be summarized as follows : (1) In tests with a variation in torsional stress, the axial creep strain shows transient softening just after the torsional stress change, and the rate of hardening of the material is continuous in the same stress state. (2) In cyclic torsional stress test, the torsional creep strain shows softening at the first reversal of torsional stress, while hardening of the material appears at the cyclic stress reversal and is saturated. (3) The viscous-viscoelastic theory may be applicable to creep deformation of the material under reversal and removal of stress by using the modification for the ratio of recoverable strain.
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  • Yutaka IlNO
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 355-361
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    Strengths (true ultimate tensile strength, etc) and ductilities (uniform strain, etc) of Type 304 stainless steel have been presented for test temperatures 77 to 1223K and for strain rates 10-6 to 10-1 s-1 in liquid (77 to 423K) and gas (air) (203 to 1223K) environments. The behaviours can be divided into two regions at a critical temperature of 400K, Tcr, where strain rate ε has little effect on the properties. Below Tcr, some martensite formation causes a prominient uniform strain peak when ε is low. The beneficial effect decreases with increasing ε and diminishes when ε=10-1 s-1. Uniform strain in liquid is higher when in gas for any ε. The reasons are explained. Above Tcr, the occurrence of two types of dynamic strain aging cause high values of strengths and uniform strain in the range 450K to 800-1000K.
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  • Katsuhiko WATANABE, Masahiro TSUGAI
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 362-369
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    In former papers, the concept of crack energy density ε has been proposed as the most fundamental parameter in fracture mechanics and it has been shown that ε can be evaluated by path independent integral εJ under arbitrary constitutive law. In this paper, the expressions of εJ-integral which evaluate each contribution of elasticity, plasticity and creep to total crack energy density ε and the distribution of crack energy densities are newly introduced and these are applied to elasto-plastic and creep crack problems. Finite element analyses are carried out, the fundamental characteristics of ε in continuum model are quantitatively discussed and a method for evaluating ε by εJ-integral is established through these analyses.
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  • Masao SHIBAHARA, Yoshio MATSUl
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 370-376
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    In an investigation on the fracture of a beam with an edge crack subjected to four-point impact bending, the dynamic behavior associated with the crack initiation, the crack propagation, the change of the dynamic stress intensity factor and others were studied by photoelastic method using the image converter camera IMACON-790. As the result, the change of the phenomenon by the influence of impact rate and the difference compared with three-point impact bending were made clear. Moreover, the dynamic stress intensity factor of a steady crack under impact loading was analysed by the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and the validity of this theoretical calculation was confirmed by comparison with the experimental results.
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  • Toshiyuki SAWA, Hiroyuki KUMANO, Hisanori MARUYAMA, Yasutoki SUZUKI
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 377-384
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In designing bolted joints it is important to examine the sealing performance and to estimate the force ratio, that is the ratio of an increment of bolt axial force to a load. Up to now, in order to improve the sealing performance, raised faces of interface have been used. But the use of these interfaces depends on experience and the theoretical grounds are not made clear. In this paper, in the case where a cover of pressure vessel having a raised face is joined to the base, the contact stress of the interface is analyzed by a three-dimensional theory of elasticity and the point matching method. Furthermore, the force ratio and the maximum stress produced in bolts are analyzed. For verification experiments are performed. Analytical results are in a fairly good agreement with experimental ones. Discussion is made on the sealing performance for various interface configurations.
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  • Toshiyuki SAWA, Hiroyuki KUMANO, Hirofumi IWAKAWA
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 385-392
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A design of bolted joints with gaskets mainly depends on experience and their sealing performance is not made clear by theoretical analyses. In this paper, discussion is made on the contact stress of bolted joints in the case where metallic gaskets with raised face are interposed between pipe flanges. The distribution of contact stresses of metallic gaskets is analyzed as a three body contact problem by using three-dimensional theory of elasticity. The effects of stiffness, thickness and position of gaskets on the distribution of contact stresses are investigated by numerical computations. Next, the force ratio of bolted joints with gaskets, that is a ratio of an increment of bolt axial force to an external load, is analyzed. Experiments on the force ratio are carried out. Then, it is shown that analytical results are in a fairly good agreement with experimental ones.
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  • Kouichi KATAOKA, Osamu DOl, Michihiro SATO
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 393-399
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    The effects of stiffness of the strain gauge adopted for measurements of principal residual stresses in a laminated anisotropic plate and of its base thickness on the measured values of strain components, have been clarified by numerical calculation after deducing the equations of the residual stresses as a solution of Volterra's simultaneous integral equations of the first kind. That is, since two different effects offset each other, the total effect decreases in case of a symmetrically laminated plate, whereas in case of a similarly laminated plate in which the relation of similarity holds among elastic constants in each element it can be reduced if the surface on which the gauge is bonded is chosen properly according to the gauge stiffness and base thickness.
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  • Toshikazu SIBUYA, Takashi KOlZUMI, Kazuo TAKAKUDA, Takashi MAENO
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 400-407
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In photoelasticity, it is desirable conditions of the method for obtaining the stress distributions (a) only isochromatic lines without isoclinic lines are used and (b) the principal stresses for arbitrary shapes can be separated easily. The present paper introduces a new separation method of principal stresses satisfying the above conditions. Stress distributions in several examples are obtained by the method which use only the prescribed values of the difference of principal stresses. The results obtained are in good agreement with the corresponding results obtained by theoretical or shear-difference method.
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  • Nobuo INOUE
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 408-415
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Basic equations of plane strain slip line fields in plastics are proposed. The pressure dependence and orthotropy of the material are incorporated in the yield criterion employed. Hencky's and Prandtl's theorems are found to be valid in the same form as in Mises' material. The first, second, and third boundary value problems, well established in the slip line theory of Mises' material, are amenable to the similar method of solution. The proposed solution can include the work-hardening characteristics of the material. The examples solved by applying the method include the limit pressure of thick-walled cylinders and rings subjected to internal or external pressure, plane strain tension and compression tests, the indentation of a semi-infinite body by a lubricated punch, and extrusion through a lubricated die. The extrusion pressure predicted is in agreement with experimental results on hydrostatic extrusion of high-density polyethylene.
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  • Nobuyuki FUZISAWA
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 416-421
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of surface curvature on the developments of turbulent wall jets along curved surfaces with the application of an algebraic two-equation model of turbulence. Numerical results for mean flow characteristics as well as turbulence characteristics in the turbulent wall jets along plane, concave and convex surfaces agree with the measurements in a range of curvatures b/R = -0.1 to 0.1, where b is the half width of the wall jet and R is the radius of surface curvature. The turbulence energy balances across the wall jets are discussed and the deficiencies are identified in the modeling of curved wall jets.
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  • Kazuyasu MATSUO, Toshiyuki AOKI, Nobuaki KONDOH, Hiroyuki HIRAHARA
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 422-427
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Experimental analysis has been carried out to explain and predict the Mach reflection phenomena of a plane moving shock wave from a wedge surface. In the first report, the domains of four types of reflection were shown, in an incident shock Mach number-wedge angle plane, and the transition boundaries between these domains were discussed. Tin the present paper, the triple point trajectory angle and the location of a kink point of a reflected shock in the case of three types of Mach reflection have been investigated experimentally over a wide range of incident shock Mach numbers and wedge angles. Based on the experimental results, the shape of a reflected shock wave has been explained generally and comprehensibly.
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  • Kazuyasu MATSUO, Toshiyuki AoKI, Hrroyuki HlRAHARA, Nobuaki KONDOH, Ko ...
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 428-433
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The reflection phenomena of a plane moving shock wave on a wedge surface have been investigated by many researchers, and four different types of reflection have been observed in previous shock tube experiments. The authors have reported on the domains and boundaries of these four types of reflection and the shape of a reflected shock wave in the previous reports. In the present paper, the distribution of the strengths of a reflected shock wave along its wave front has been calculated from its shape obtained by optical observations, and the relation between the strength and the shape of a reflected shock wave has been discussed in detail. Furthermore, the flow properties around the triple point in the case of Mach reflection have been calculated using the experimental data, and the validity of the three-shock theory has been examined.
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  • Kazuyasu MATSUO, Toshiyuki AOKI, Hiroyuki HIRAHARA, Nobuaki KONDOH, Te ...
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 434-438
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    The transition between regular and Mach reflections of an oblique shock wave has been investigated by many researchers for steady, pseudo-steady and unsteady flows. However the problem for unsteady flows such as the reflection of a shock wave at cylindrical concave or convex walls has not been fully understood. The problem, considered in this report, is that of transition from Mach to regular reflection of a shock wave over a concave wall. Experimental investigations have been performed using a model of concave wall. The wall is composed of two straight sections, and the downstream second section is more inclined than the upstream first one. The process of shock reflection over this wall has been observed in detail, and the transition criterion from Mach to regular reflection in this case has been presented experimentally.
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  • Kazuyasu MATSUO, Shigetoshi KAWAGOE, Keisnke SONODA, Bum Soon KWON, Hi ...
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 439-443
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    A rapid expansion of moist air or steam in a supersonic nozzle gives rise to condensation phenomena and a condensation shock wave appears in the supersonic section of the nozzle. In the first paper, the mechanism of the formation of a condensation shock wave was studied. In the condensing process, nonequilibrium process of condensation by homogeneous nucleation is followed by equilibrium process of condensation where saturated expansion takes place. In the present study, the nonequilibrium condensation region has been experimentally investigated, and the relation between the position of the condensation shock wave and the nonequilibrium condensation region has been clarified. Furthermore, the flow field of condensation zone with and without a condensation shock wave has been well explained by the results of optical observations and pressure measurements.
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  • Eiji HASEGAWA
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 444-452
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    A force exerted on an elastic circular disk moving near a rigid wall in a viscous fluid and the deflection of the disk bent by the force are found analytically. The disk is clamped by the edge of a rigid hollow cylinder. The ratio of the distance from the wall to the radius of the disk and the ratio of the hydrodynamical force to the elastic force for the bending deflection are assumed to be small. The equations governing the motions of the disk and the viscous fluid are solved simultaneously in forms of a power series with respect to the two ratios. The force exerted on the disk is obtained up to the first order of each ratio and the deflection of the disk is determined up to the second order. When the distance from the wall is given as a function of time, the resistance and the deflection of the disk are concretely calculated.
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  • Koichi KOYAMA, Akira KAKUGAWA, Michio OKAMOTO
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 453-458
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    Measurement of flow velocity distribution around a marine propeller was carried out by Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) in a cavitation tunnel. An LDV measurement system which can supply both velocity data and measuring position data relative to the blade was developed, and the information about instantaneous velocity distribution around propeller blades was obtained. Authors succeeded in revealing the vortex system around propeller blades. The effect of a strong vortex extending from blade tip was recognized in the measured velocity data. Accelerated and contracted flow behind blades was also observed. Thrust and torque estimated from velocity distribution in slip stream were compared with direct measurement results. Comparison between experimental results and lifting surface theory shows that the existence of strong tip vortices shown by the experiment can not be followed by the theory. It is necessary to investigate a separated flow in the region near the blade tip, in order to improve the theoretical method.
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  • Yukitoshi NAKASHIMA, Kazuaki SHIRAMOTO, Toru KONDO, Kengo SASAGUCHI
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 459-465
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    A pressure regulating valve (regulator) is used to keep automatically and sensitively the delivery pressure constant in response to the variation of load in pneumatic pressure transmission lines. Under a certain condition, the regulator occasionally causes in unstable phenomenon and resonance accompanied with the vibration of a spring system and the pressure vibration in chambers of the regulator. In the present paper, to clarify this unstable phenomenon, the effects of the adjusting pressure, the configuration of a pipeline and the elements of the regulator such as the mass of a valve spring system, the spring constant etc. on the response of the regulator have been studied experimentally and theoretically. In the theoretical calculations, the flow in the regulator is solved using a one-dimensional flow model, and the motion of the spring system is solved as a damped vibration of one degree of freedom with external forces. The calculated results fairly agree with the experimental values.
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  • Kryoshi KAWAGUCHI, Kazuma MATSUl
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 466-475
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    In this paper, we established a method of flow visualization around the wing of an axial fiow fan by use of a drum camera, which could measure the velocity distribution around the wing by overlapping the measurement results of the time-line and the stream-line obtained from the spark trace and the smoke wire respectively. In addition, we applied this method to two types of fans, which have different performances, in order to correlate the flow around the wing with the wing element efficiency. We also quantified the effect of tip vortex on the total fan noise.
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  • Etsuo MORISHITA, Masahiro SUGIHARA, Toshiyuki NAKAMURA
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 476-482
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    The scroll compressor has been introduced for air conditioning application. This paper describes the dynamic behavior of the scroll machine with the fixed radius crank mechanism. The equations of motion are established for the orbiting scroll and the Oldham coupling, including the friction and the motion of the Oldham coupling, is shown. The bearing load, the torque and the power to drive the compressor are obtained. The overturning moment of the orbiting scroll is calculated and the stability condition is clarified.
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  • Etsuo MORISHITA, Masahiro SUGIHARA, Tsutomu INABA, Tadashi KIMURA
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 483-488
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    The compliant crank mechanism is employed for the scroll compressor to realize a tangential sealing. This paper presents a theoretical model for a scroll machine with a variable radius crank. The analytical expression is obtained for the radial sealing force. The Oldham coupling motion is transmitted to the orbiting scroll. The force and the torque which act on the rotating and stationary members of the compressor are shown. A simple tangential vibration mode is introduced and examined numerically.
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  • Tohru SHIGECHI, Takehiro ITO, Kaneyasu NISHIKAWA
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 489-494
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    The effect of radiation on forced convective film boiling heat transfer from a horizontal cylinder and sphere to a subcooled liquid is analyzed by means of the integral method of boundary-layer. Numerical solutions are determined for water under the atmospheric pressure. The effect of radiation on the location of separation and heat transfer is discussed using a new parameter for radiative contribution, and the method proposed by Bromley et al. to estimate the radiation effect on total heat transfer for a horizontal cylinder is also examined.
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  • Ichiro EMORI, Kozo SAITO
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 495-500
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    The objective of this study is to improve model rules in fire research to incorporate recent progresses. The model rules were obtained by "law approach" which calls for the physical interpretation of the phenomena to bring out the governing physical laws. Two different sets of model rules were derived for pool and crib fires which represent fundamentally different characteristics of fires. A detail physical insight was undertaken and a new concept of two different model rules of time was introduced in pool fires. Results of experiments done by the authors and other researchers were collected, and some of them were reinterpreted and replotted. The results support the validity of the model rules.
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  • Yoshihiko KAWAZOE
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 501-507
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    An equation describing the dynamic behavior of a fuel control system of the pneumatically governed engine is derived, and its equivalent mass, damping, and effective diaphragm area were revealed. Moreover, it is shown that a simplified equation using equivalent damping coefficient can be used at idling where low speed hinting occurs. From the results of experiments and calculations, the effects of a liaison pipe and a chamber of reduced pressure on damping were made clear. The equivalent damping coefficient of the fuel pump with a chamber 50cm3 in volume equipped with a liaison pipe 8mm in diameter and 40cm long is twice that of the pump without chamber and pipe.
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  • Makoto IKEGAMI, Gen'ichi KOMATSU, Kazuie NISHIWAKI
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 508-515
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    This paper describes a method for predicting three-dimensional flows in engine cylinders. Predictions were carried out using a finite difference method to solve the governing differential equations for continuity and momentum. A movable grid system was employed and a tridiagonal matrix algorithm was used for pressure correction. To simplify expression of turbulence the concept of effective viscosity was used for convenience. Numerical computations were made for two typical cases, one being a three-dimensional flow during the induction stroke, and the other being a two-dimensional swirling flow in a swirl chamber of an indirect-injection diesel engine. The results have well supported the feasibility of the present computation method in predicting complicated flow phenomena in the engine cylinder and the combustion chamber.
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  • Katsuhisa FUJITA
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 516-524
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    This paper presents a vibration response analysis method of fluid-coupled coaxial axisymmetric shells subjected to a horizontal earthquake. The kinetic energy and the strain energy of two coaxial axisymmetric shells are calculated by the finite element method. On the other hand, the velocity potential of the liquid contained in two shells is obtained analytically by assuming it as an ideal fluid, that is incompressible and inviscid, and then the kinetic energy of the liquid is calculated. Substituting these energies into Lagrange's equation of motion, the seismic response analysis method for a structure-liquid coupled vibration system is derived. As a result of numerical studies, this solution is proved to be an effective and reasonable method, and the seismic response characteristics of the two coaxial axisymmetric shells containing liquid are made clear.
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  • Takahiro KONDOU, Hideyuki TAMURA, Atsuo SUEOKA
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 525-532
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    An improved algorithm is proposed to obtain numerically a highly approximated steady-state solution for a nonlinear system with an arbitrary number of degrees of freedom. The so-called harmonic balance method is employed to compute the solution and the final Jacobian matrix obtained in the process of successive approximation is used to examine the stability of the solution. The theory is presented concisely by making use of the complex Fourier series. As a numerical example, the Duffing equation with hard spring is treated. The detained analytical results of the primary resonance are presented and the occurrence of the superharmonic resonances of order 2 to 9 is confirmed. Four regions in which the superharmonic resonances of even order bifurcate (that is, the unstable regions of the odd order harmonic solution) are indicated in terms of three parameters of the system.
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  • Shigeo YANABE, Hiroki TOKUHASHI, Akiyoshi TAMURA
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 533-540
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    When a system with backlash is subjected to an exciting force, of which the frequency linearly increases or decreases with time and passes through a resonance, nonstationary responses of the system are numerically analyzed and formulas for estimating the maximum amplitudes of the responses are proposed. The evaluation errors are below 25% over the range considered here comparing to the numerically integrated results. The above formulas are derived from a comparison of the two maximum amplitudes, one of which is obtained from a response curve calculated by integrating the equations of motion of the backlash system and the other from the estimation equations of the maximum amplitude for a linear systems passing through a resonance.
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  • Keiji YOKOSE, Mitsuo IGARASHI, Jiro TAKAYANAGI
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 541-547
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    In dynamic analysis of the railway vehicles, we have often worked out the theory under the assumption that the relationship between the tangential force and the slip at the contact point of the wheel and the rail is linear. However, it is necessary to think of non-linearity of the creep force in larger amplitude of the bogie truck vibration. But few people have made a detailed theoretical analysis of truck hunting considering the non-linear creep force, and there are still many points which are uncertain. Kinetic phenomena of the rigid bogie truck with two axles are clarified in this paper considering the non-linearity of the creep force. Consequently, we revealed analytically that the limit cycle of truck vibration is affected by various factors, for example the running velocity, the frequency of truck hinting and the friction coefficient between wheel and rail and so on. In addition, differences between the formulas given by Levi, Chartet and Kalker are made clear.
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  • Haruo OKAMURA
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 548-555
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    A new tension measuring system for submarine cables utilizing the lateral vibration frequency of cables to calculate their tension with sufficient accuracy, has been proposed. Cable bend stiffness, the pay out/recovery velocity of cables and response time of the measurement have been examined on land and out-at-sea. The new tension meter thus developed is a handy system consisting of an optical vibration detector, conventional filter and an F/V converter and recorder, and covers a wide range of tension from 10kN up to more than 100kN within an error of 10%. In conclusion, the new system was found to improve the reliability of submarine cable pay-out and recovery operations as well as to offer a safer and more accurate tension measuring method, in general, for elongated substances.
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  • Eiji HASEGAWA, Mikio MATSUSHITA, Masatoshi SEKIGUCHI
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 556-564
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    A thin elastic plate lies spread out on a horizontally viscous liquid layer with a finite depth. The liquid layer is excited from its bottom by a vertical periodic force. In this paper, whether or not the elastic plate is excited parametrically is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The boundaries of the region of instability in the space of the amplitude and frequency of the imposed oscillation are found for the subharmonic response by a linear theory. They are dependent on the wave number of the disturbance. The critical amplitudes of the imposed oscillation, below which the plate is stable, have a minimum value with respect to the wave number of the disturbance. The critical condition for the onset of instability is determined by this minimum critical amplitude. These theoretical results are found to be in fairly good agreement with the experimental ones obtained by using a thin rubber plate.
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  • Toshihiko ASAMI, Hisayoshi SEKIGUCHI, Shoji TANIGUCHI
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 565-572
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    In a series of the work, we study on a simply constructed oil damper ; it has an annular cross-sectional clearance between the cylinder and the piston as a flow channel of oil. This report describes an analytical and experimental study of eccentric effects on the drag of the piston placed eccentrically within the cylinder. Assuming a laminar and unsteady flow, we analyze the oil stream through the eccentric annular channel, and derive an added mass and a damping coefficient of the oil damper. These values are compared with experimental results, and the following results are obtained : The eccentricity increases the added mass and decreases the damping coefficient of the oil damper. An increase in frequency of reciprocating motion of the piston reduces the eccentric effects.
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  • Osamu SATO, Hiroshi SHIMOJIMA, Hiroshi YOINARA
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 573-579
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    A performance criterion for minimum-energy control calculated by dynamic programming is defined considering the characteristics of driving source. Such minimum-energy control is compared with near-minimum-energy control whose input signal is rectangular, and the dynamic characteristics of a manipulator controlled by these methods are analyzed theoretically and investigated experimentally.
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  • Satoshi ODA, Takao KOIDE, Takatsune YAMATANI
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 580-585
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
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    The surface durability of tufftrided spur gears with a smaller number of teeth was investigated by carrying out a running test and compared with the case of the normalized steel spur gears. The surface durability of the tufftrided gear is found to be higher by 50.% than that of the normalized steel gear and a failure of the follower is hard to occur due to the effect of the residual compressive stress produced by tufftriding. The contact fatigue limit load (circumferential load) of the gear pair can be raised to a considerable extent by setting an operating pitch point in the range of double tooth pairs contact. Furthermore the range of applications of these experimental results was examined on the basis of the calculated results of Hertz stress and specific sliding.
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  • Satoshi ODA, Kouitsu MlYACHIKA, Takehide SAYAMA
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 586-592
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper presents a study on the effects of rim and web thicknesses on bending fatigue strength of internal gears. A stress analysis by means of the 3-dimensional finite element method (FEM) and a static loading test for internal gears of different rim and web thicknesses were carried out and the effects of rim and web thicknesses on the root, rim and web stresses of internal gears were clarified. A bending fatigue test for thin-rimmed internal gears with a thin web was carried out and the effects of rim and web thicknesses on the bending fatigue strength were investigated. Furthermore the validity of the calculating formula of tooth bending strength of internal gear proposed by ISO was examined.
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  • Satoshi ODA, Kouitsu MlYACHIKA, Takao KOIDE, Masahito MIZUNE
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 593-599
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the present paper, a root stress analysis of the thin-rimmed spur gears by means of the 2-dimensional boundary element method (BEM) was carried out and the results were compared with those by the 2-dimensional finite element method (FEM) and those of the static loading test. The relationships between the number of elements in a gear model and the accuracy of the computed root stresses of the thin-rimmed spur gears by BEM were discussed. The BEM was shown to be available for the stress analysis of a thin-rimmed spur gear.
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  • Chotaro NARUSE, Shoji HAIZUKA, Ryozo NEMOTO, Kazushi KUROKAWA
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 600-608
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    By means of the FZG spur gear testing machine the frictional loss of engagement of gears, the temperature rise of tooth, and the limiting load for scoring were investigated using commonly used mineral oils. The modules of test gears were changed widely from module 2 to module 6 and the coefficient of addendum modification was also changed widely, i.e. the position of the path of contact on the line of contact was very widely changed, that is, from an extremely eccentrical position to the standard position. The formula for calculation of the limiting load for scoring, the frictional loss, and the temperature rise of tooth was found and the relationships between them was clarified.
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  • Masanori KAGOTANI, Toshio AIDA, Tomio KOYAMA, Susumu SATO, Takeshi HOS ...
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 609-616
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In toothed belt drives under a state of initial tension in the static region, the relative shifting between belt and pulley in the cases of normal and reverse revolutions of the pulley is theoretically and experimentally discussed in regard to the elastic deformation of the belt and the polygonal action of the pulley. From this study the following conclusions have been obtained. (1) The relative shifting has a period of one pitch of the pulley. (2) There is an ideal initial tension in which the relative shifting is minimal. (3) The calculated results of the relative shifting agreed with the experimental results.
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  • Michihiko TANAKA, kira YAMADA
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 617-624
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the design of fasteners subjected to an external service load, it is very important to know the relationship between bolt tensile load and service load and to assure a good tightening. However, there are many difficult points in the analysis of fasteners, because the shape of threaded parts of bolts and nuts is very complex and a threaded fastener is, from a view point of the theory of elasticity, equivalent to a contact problem of many elastic bodies. This paper introduces a finite element technique to numerically analyze the the threaded fastener subjected to external loads. As concrete examples of standard threaded fasteners, the results for the force ratios of the through bolt, the tap bolt, the stud and the T-type flange are numerically obtained by using an axi-symmetric and a three-dimensional model.
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  • Yoshitsugu KADOWAKI
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 625-631
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The chucking pressure plays an important role in chucking a cylindrical workpiece with a three-jaw scroll lathe chuck, however, it has not been investigated in the earlier works. In the present study, the chucking pressure is investigated by measuring the strains induced on the chuck jaw surfaces. From the present investigation, the following observations are obtained. (1) The chucking condition can be expressed by a simple diagram so-called "chucking triangle" based on the measured strains of the jaw surfaces. (2) The chucking triangle shows the chucking pressure distributions at the individual jaws and can be displayed automatically on the CRT after processing the strain data with micro-computer. A new sensing method for chucking condition is developed using the chucking triangle. The newly developed method has been tested by chucking specially formed specimens, and it is proved that the new sensing method has satisfactory performances.
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  • Kyosuke ONO, Takeshi EBIHARA, Tooru TANAKA, Kazunori SHINDO
    1986 Volume 29 Issue 248 Pages 632-638
    Published: 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper presents an analytical method for mechanical interface between head and media in flexible disk drive. Static Green function in disk deflection is first derived by using Fourier series approximation in circumferential direction and finite element method in radial direction. Deflection distribution of a stationary disk including the base plate and the penetrating spherical head is next obtained by developing a novel numerical method named the virtual variable stiffness spring (VVSS) iteration method for solving the three dimensional contact problem. It is found from experiments that the analytical results of contact force, deflection distribution around the spherical head and contact position are in good agreement with experimental ones when disk deflection is as small as the disk thickness.
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