The purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of CO_2 hydrate on the flow of liquid CO_2 injected in a packed bed that simulated seabed with glass beads. In order to reveal the influence of CO_2 hydrate, differential pressure and temperature are measured under both condition of CO_2 hydrate generation and no-generation. As the result, Temperature difference decreased with increase of flow rate in the condition of any diameter of glass beads. And, friction factor is compared with the Ergun's equation which is proposed for single-phase flow in a porous media. As the result, both condition of CO_2 hydrate generation and not, the measured friction factor is larger than that estimated with Ergun's equation. And, in the middle part, there are no difference of the friction factor between the hydrate generation and no-generation condition.

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The aion exchange membrane fuel cell has been attracting attention in recent years, because the inside of the cell is alkaline and an inexpensive catalyst can be used. However, it is a matter of anxiety that generated water covers the reaction surface. and the performance deteriorates, because it is necessary to humidify supplied gas in order to generate electricity using hydroxide ion. In this research, while investigating the basic performance. the influence of water generation on power generation performance was investigated. By varying the operating temperature. it turned out that the output voltage was high when the operating temperature was high. Moreover, it turned out that there was no performance deterioration by generating water. In the experiments conducted while varying the humidity of the supplied gases, it turned out that activation overpotential became low and the output voltage became high by humidifying the supplied gas more.

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An intermittent spray is frequently used for the fuel injection into an engine or spray painting. Droplets are distributed ununiformly in a spray. In this study, one-shot injection of a diesel like spray is analyzed. A diesel spray is the unnsteady phenomena, Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) is suitable method to analyze the sprya phenomena. Standard Smagorinsky model (SSM) and Dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM) are employed for Subgrid-scale (SGS) modeling. However, local flow structure in the spray is varies with location, it is expected that SSM is a low repeatable precision in it. On the other hand, DSM is advantageous because it can respond to changes in loacal flow structures. We executed SSM and computation to compare both models, and compared the calculation results with an experiment in terms of the spray tip penetration and the vortical structure. In consequence, we obtained that DSM is better suited for representation of spray inhomogeneous distribution.

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This paper is concerned with the performance of a micro turbojet engine in low flight speed conditions. The effect of the flight speed on the thrust of a 100 N class engine is investigated experimentally with a small low speed free jet tunnel. The thrust lapse rate by the flight speed is discussed with the experimental data. The change of the specific fuel consumption is also discussed.

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We investigated flows around an engine nacelle model with a strake using a wind tunnel. The experimental results reveal the effects of the aerodynamics device on sreamwise voricitices behind the nacelle model body.Large-scaled vortex structures with a low frequency band were found.We have been analyzing the structures variation.

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Improvement in performance of a torque converter is needed for expansion of the operating range of a lock-up clutch. It is indispensable to understand the transitional characteristics of the fluid flow near the lock-up clutch for that purpose. In this research, the lock-up clutch was operated and the pressure distribution near the clutch corresponding to the change in input oil pressure and the change in the speed ratio and clutch displacement were investigated. Results show that, the delay of the response time of the clutch by the change in the speed was not seen.However, the result that engaging-of-clutch power became large was obtained, so that the number of revolutions by the side of input and output had a difference.

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This paper describes how an unstable vortex dipole rebounded from a wall generates the sound field by 3-dimensional DNS. The unstable vortex dipole may form a chain of vortex rings because of the Crow-type instability. Small initial disturbances added to 2-dimensional vortex dipole lead to three-dimensionality. The vortex dipole changes its shape because of the Crow-type instability. When the vortex dipole is near the wall, secondary vortex is generated on the wall. The numerical results show that the sound fields generated are consists of a few waves coming from the sound source area.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relation between the acoustic streaming around a acoustically levitated droplet and the rate of mass transfer. External flow structure of a levitated droplet is measured by using PIV technique. We measure a external flow structure around a water and ethanol droplet with several kinds of diameter. Also, we observe the evaporation behavior of the levitated water and ethanol droplet. The droplet diameter decreases with d^2-raw and it is qualitatively in good agreement with the theoretical prediction. It is indicated that flow field around the droplet affects the rate of mass transfer.

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In denitration process of FBR fuel cycle, the mixed oxides (MOX) fuel powder is reproduced from spent fuel with microwave heating direct denitration method. Although this method is possible to produce high quality pellet fuel, flushing phenomenon from a vessel sometimes occurs. So it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of the flushing for safety production of MOX powder. Consequently, the objective of the present study is to investigate the mechanism of flushing. For detailed observation of boiling behavior, the experimental apparatus which radiates microwave and high speed video camera were used. In order to reveal the influence of particles as bubble nucleus to the flushing, water with nylon particles and water without nylon particles were compared. As a result, it became clear that the particles affect the appearance of flushing.

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Recently, the effect of friction loss reduction by Micro-Bubble (MB) in ships was being studied intensively by using flat plate. However, in order to put micro bubbles in to practical use, it is necessary to comprehend the behavior of micro bubbles in various conditions. In this study, the effect of pipe frictional loss was studied by flowing MB water through a pipe. Experiments were carried out in three conditions 1) MB water through a pipe, 2) water purity and 3) temporal change. As the results, up to 24% of friction loss reduction by micro bubbles was obtained. 1) there is no obvious difference of friction loss was obtained in changing the tube diameter. 2) The frictional loss by using MB in pure water (ppm=0) is smaller compared to the tap water (ppm=77). 3) Shows that the frictional loss decreased as the smaller bubbles attached to the wall and increased as the bigger bubbles adhere to the wall.

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Microbubbles are expected to be applied in various fields such as engineering and medical fields. Thus, microbubble generation techniques with high efficiency are required. In the present study, the microbubble generator using a venturi tube (converging-diverging nozzle) is focused. There are several unsolved parts about the bubble miniaturization mechanism. The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of flow structure in a venturi tube on bubble breakup behavior. The pressure distribution in venturi tube is measured in detail. Under chocking condition, the pressure distribution shows the tendency of supersonic flow in a laval nozzle and sudden pressure gradient appears in diverging section. It is suggested that the degree of the pressure gradient in diverging section is influenced by volume flow ratio. There are strong correlations between bubble fission point and pressure recovery points. It is suggested that bubble collapse is strongly influenced by pressure recovery in diverging section.

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The direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is one of the candidates of the next-generation power sources for small electric appliances. However, carbon dioxide (CO_2) bubbles generated by chemical reaction in the anode cover the gas diffusion layer (GDL) surface, obstructing the reaction and deteriorate the fuel cell performance. Therefore, it is important to clarify the flow mechanisms of the gas-liquid two-phase flow of methanol solution. In this study, the influence of installation attitude of the cell on the performance and the bubble coverage area were investigated. Results, show that the performance was improved at an installation angle of θ=180°. The surface properties of the channel walls are, therefore, important for the power generation performance. It was confirmed that value of bubble coverage area rate was always high for GDL without water repellency treatment because CO_2 bubbles were liable to stay in the land area of GDL with water repellency treatment.

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1/f fluctuations, the power spectrum of signals inversely proportional to the frequency, have been observed in various types of physiological systems. However, the mechanism of fluctuations is not fully disclosed so far. In our study, we focused our attention on 1/f fluctuations appear in non-equilibrium ions concentration in cells, and built a phenomenological model of ions transport performed by ions channels transport and diffusion between cells. We conducted numerical analysis using the proposed model. Results predicted that individual cells are needed to have different abilities of ions diffusion, those were assumed to independently function for each cells in the present model, to generate 1/f fluctuations. Ions diffusion via cellular communication plays a key role in ions transport dynamics of cells accompanying 1/f fluctuations.

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Many cartilage tissue engineering studies use mechanical forces to enhance the biomechanical properties of the engineered tissue. Then it is measured mainly as overall property. But, partial property is also important, because cartilage has configurationality. So, this paper describes a new estimation of regenerated cartilage configurationality by confocal microscope and ImageJ. First, three-dimensional image of cartilage is obtained by confocal microscope. Second, the image is analyzed by imageJ and it outputs volume, surface fraction, intensity and position of the chondrocytes. This study applies this method to native cartilage, cultured cartilage, static cultured cartilage and rotating cultured cartilage. The result shows that this method captures cartilage configurationality.

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Because each regenerated cartilage has peculiar properties, non-invasive assessment methods should be developed for practical use. We intended to achieve non-invasive assessment of cartilage by applying the terahertz technology. It was a purpose of this study toclarify the relation to the characteristic of the cartilage and the terahertz wave spectrum. In this paper, we clarified the relation between the amount of free/bond water in cartilage, which is one of factors that decides the characteristic of cartilage, and absorbance of the terahertz wave by measuring the appearance while the samples such as the natural cartilage and what was treated with enzyme were drying.

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During mitosis, sister chromatids are separated by several forces including the pulling force toward two sister centrosomes via microtubules. This pulling force was typically evaluated with laser micro-surgery, which disrupts microtubule structures irreversibly. This irreversible disruption disables long term observation during whole mitosis. In this study, the pulling force was intended to measure with traction force microscopy, which evaluates cellular traction force without any disruptions. Especially, in this paper, existence of two chemicals, fetal bovine serum (FBS) and phenol-red, which are indispensable for long term observation, are tested whether they disturb fluorescence imaging which is necessary for traction force microscopy.

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It is suggested that cytoskeleton such as the actin participates in mechanism in response to the mechanical stress of the cell. However, the observation in the real time has notperformed yet. Therefore we set the following goals for getting two points in this study. One is building un experiment system that could burden hydrostatic pressure to a cell and observe it in real time. Two is inspecting the influence of the hydrostatic pressure on change of the cytoskeleton. We built an experiment system to achieve the purpose as the first step. We are undergoing to observe actin fibers labeled with fluorescence in living cells under hydrostaic pressure in a real-time manner.

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Recently, research on ES cells and iPS cells has become prevalent. To apply these cells in clinical setting, cell sorting methodology for collecting targeted cells is important. The objective of this study is to develop cell sorting devices using dielectrophoresis. In our previous study, we have developed a cell analysis chip that separates differentiated and de-differentiated chondrocytes. However, this chip could not collect the targeted cells efficiently. In this study, we collected mouse bone-marrow stromal cell (KUSA/A1) and micro-particle (beads) solution by using dielectrophoretic force and fluid-induced shear force. It is possible that our cell sorting chip using dielectrophoresis can collect KUSA/A1 cells and beads efficiently.

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Tissue Engineering have gotten a lot of attention recently. We focused on cartilage tissue enginnering to create anisotropic material property. In this study, we developed an anisotropic cartilaginous tissue by cell patterning within hydrogel slabs by dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces. DEP patterning chamber was fabricated with two Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO) coated slide glasses and a silicon gasket. The negative-DEP force is induced by applied AC voltage to move cells toward weaker electric field regions. Cell-patterning hydrogels were cultured in vitro and the tensile property of showed the anisotoropy in tensile property.

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In this study, we have fabricated microparticle or cell patterns by using negative dielectrophoresis (n-DEP). The patterns mimicked the micro structure of the liver which is filled with cords of hepatocytes, parenchymal cells. These cells are arranged radially from the central vein in the liver. By fabricating electrodes in a radial pattern and applying voltage to induce n-DEP force, we obtained the patterns of polystyrene particles or hepatocytes like the micro structure of the liver. We investigated the accuracy of the patterns and the patterning difference with the series of voltage and frequency to analyze the behavior of the particles or the cells in patterning.

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When an AC electric field is applied to a particle, a dielectrophoretic (DEP) force arises. If that field is inhomogeneous, then the particles experience a DEP force, the frequency response of which is a function of their intrinsic electrical properties. In the present study, the DEP forces exerted between cultured HeLa cells exposed to an AC electric field of 20kV/m with the frequency of 1kHz were utilized to control positions of the corresponding cells suspended in culture media. A uniform AC electric field was applied to induce the DEP force between cells, whose magnitude and direction have strong dependencies on cell's spatial configuration. Results show that the force strength is highly frequency sensitive, and cells aggregate in response to the field distribution that varies with varying formation of cluster of cells. Numerical simulations based on the Langevin equation of particle dynamics were also performed and predicted behaviors of cells.

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In tissue engineering, biodegradable polymer has been applied to the stent and the scaffold for bone regeneration. The stent and the scaffold require to more accurate and rapid fabrication. This study aimed to build the rapid prototyping process of fabricating the scaffold by using photo-polymerization. In this study, we use DPCA as biodegradable polymer. The Fabricating device has some parameters which affect the modeling of DPCA. Especially, numerical aperture (NA) is thought to affect the modeling. We made lines of DPCA under some conditions, and measured their cured width and cured height. Experiments showed that the power and velocity of laser have effect on the cured range. On the other hand, NA is not more effective than other parameters. It suggested that to increase in NA is not effective technique for precise fabrication.

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When blood vessels are injured in our body, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) get out of bone-morrow, gather at the injured sites and heal them by differentiating into endothelial cells (ECs). It is well known that mechanical stress plays important role in cell differentiation. In regard to EPCs, they are subjected to blood pressure, shear stress by blood flow, and strain by vessel stretching. To my knowledge, it have been studied about the effect of shear stress or strain on differentiation of EPCs, but not about the effect of pressure well. So, in this paper, I tried to construct a new culture system which can apply pressure and strain to cells simultaneously for investigating the mechanism of differentiation of EPCs into ECs.

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Tissue engineering is an alternative approach for the preparation of small-diameter (4〜6 mm) vascular grafts due to the potential to control thrombosis, anastomotic cellular hyperplasia and matrix production. It is very important for tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) to be cultured under mechanical stimulations, so various bioreactors have been developed. However the operability of these bioreactors was not good, because they were perfusion type bioreactors which were composed of many parts, consumed lots of medium and have the high risk of contamination. Our objective is to develop a non-perfusion type bioreactor we can use easily. In this report we present a rotational bioreactor, which can rotate TEBVs in culture medium and applies mechanical stimulations very easily. C3H10T1/2 cells were seeded to tubular biodegradable scaffolds and cultivated in the rotational bioreactor for 72 hours. The results demonstrated that the numbers of dead cells in TEBVs under dynamic flow conditions were lower than static culture controls.

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In this study, we reconstructed bile ducts by biliary epithelial cells (BECs) between collagen gel and a biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) membrane. We found that the density of collagen coating on the PLGA membrane as well as the membrane porosity affected the BEC morphogenesis. In particular, bile ducts formed with a non-porous membrane were larger than those formed with a porous membranes. In addition, only BECs contacted with a PLGA membrane formed bile ducts. Reconstructed bile ducts were maintained in culture even after a PLGA membrane was degraded. These results suggest that this culture system can be extended to co-culture of bile ducts and the second cell type with direct contacts.

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The form of the industrial production system is changed from the manual industry to the factory system machine industry. It appeared as a change in both the production technique and the organization that drove the change. In the process in the change, the component standardization and the assembly-line operation based on the methods of mass production and scientific management were requested for increasing production efficiency. The authors concern about the history and changes in management systems of the production technology and the organization by the end of the 19^<th> century.

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Three persons of the authors are high school students and they produced a compressed air blowing (pneumatic) railway model based on Brunel's Atmospheric Railway in cooperation with some universities. This railway model presents them some problems to be challenged and solved by them analyzing data from experiments. Their research activities as the project SPP (Science Partnership Project) of Soma High School gives them a lot of intentions for science, engineering, and monodzukuri. The authors report a summary of the activities and with the results obtained. Our objective is to complete this model for practical use in Japan in the near future.

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This paper concerns about the meaning of a Japanese word of 'kagaku-gijutsu' that is a relative word to 'science and technology' in English. Recently there is a movement and opinion that changes the word 'kagaku-gijutsu' into a word 'Kagaku and gijutsu' that is the same meaning as 'science and technology'. The Japanese word of 'kagaku-gijutsu' has been used and familiarized in Japan by a key government policy of the Science and Technology Basic Law from 1995. The author describes the issue from his conservative idea to keep the word 'kagaku-gijutsu' through extensive discussions on the meaning and background in 'science', 'technology', and 'science and technology'.

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In this presentation, results of follow-up study on the 20 electric locomotives and an internal combustion locomotive printed in the booklet "Memorials in Mechanical Engineering; Railway Edition" published by JSME will be explained. Contents of this presentation are as follows. 1) Background of this study and follow-up method on the electric locomotives and an internal combustion locomotive. 2) Results of this study and necessity of continuous study on rolling stocks printed in other booklets.

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Development of a small and high efficient heat exchanger, which is utilized in a fuel battery and a heat pump system for CO_2 refrigerant and so on, is strongly required. In authors' previous study, the prototype of the stacked high pressure resistance microchannel heat exchanger manufactured with diffusing bond technique has been proposed. The objective of the present study is to reveal flow and heat-transfer properties of counter-flow microchannel heat exchangers which have rectangular cross-sectional channels with 250×250μm and 500×500μm. Pressure drop and heat transfer rate are measured as flow and heat-transfer properties, respectively. As the results, it is found that heat transfer rate increases with increasing of number of stacked layers of the device. Heat transfer rate of the present heat exchanger with high- and low-temperature water as working fluids is higher 2 kW than that of the existing heat exchangers.

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A dynamic model of the subgrid scale wrinkling factor for large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent combustion is developed. The model is based on that proposed by Charlette et al. in the thickened flame model context. This model is modified to be capable of treating weak turbulent cases. Two and three-dimensional LES of V-flames are performed with this modified dynamic model. The results of the two-dimensional simulations are compared to those obtained from two-dimensional simulations without the dynamic formulation and those of the three-dimensional simulation to an experiment conducted with the combustion chamber of the identical geometry. These comparisons demonstrate the availability of the dynamic formulation and that the formulation is especially useful when the appropriate values for the model constant to calculate the subgrid scale wrinkling factor are not empirically available.

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The radial basis function network based on complex network theory has been applied in this study to predict the time variation in pressure fluctuations generated by combustion instability in a lean premixed gas turbine combustor. The predicted pressure fluctuations for equivalence ratio φ=0.44 partially corresponds to the measured pressure fluctuations. This result indicates that the radial basis function network has potential use for predicting the dynamic behavior of the pressure fluctuations although the time step of the prediction is very small.

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The objective of this study is the development of a meniscus tip for micro-manipulation using thermal control of meniscus force. The tip controls the meniscus force between the tip and an object through varying wet state of the tip by supplying or drying water. In this paper, the tip made of the sharpened glass pipe and small wire heater was produced. The characteristics of rising temperature of the tip were evaluated by melting of small piece of known metals. The relation of temperature of contact part and adhesion force between the tip and a micro object was investigated by the adhesion force measurement with variation of the inner liquid, material and diameter. Additionally, a micromanipulation of the Sepabeads of 80μm diameter to the cantilever type MEMS calorimeter was demonstrated.

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A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) is used as electrolyte in polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). PEM has to be kept moderately moist for the PEM to have the ability to conduct electricity. Moisture content of film depends on the relative humidity of the supply gas. Since relative humidity of the supply gas is changed by the temperature, thermal management is fundamental issue for practical use. To control the temperature and water transport inside the cell, we have to understand the local temperature adjacent to the catalyst layers. In this study, two types of thermocouples electrically insulated by Parylene ware used to measured temperature inside running PEFC cell. As a result cathode temperature was higher than anode and figured out in-situ temperature distribution affected by electric power generation.

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In this paper, the application of mirrer cycle which themal efficiency can improve remarkably was proposed, and the engine with electromagnetic valve was described. In this system, the electromagnetic drive valve doesn't use a permanent magnet. Furthermore, a high voltage electromagnetic coil was used, and that operation character was investigated.

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This paper describes about development of Newly single-cylinder diesel engine for advanced research. In this engine, the magnetic driving valve and common-railed fuel injection system are equipped. We have been investigated the electric magnetic moving valve. In this paper, newly design and manufacturing for this engine are described. Newly engine concept is advanced combustion research by variable valve timing and lift using electric magnetic moving valve. The measurement of valve lift displacement, using a photo devised a cheap and simple measurement method.

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This study has been carried out to determine the influence on combustion products by using the gasoline with alcoholic fuel for small gasoline engine. The combustion behaviors are observed by pressure transducer, ion probe and analyzer of exhaust gas. The fuels are used the blend fuel of gasoline and ethanol (calorific value 21.2MJ/L). The oxygen concentration of intake air are changeable from 19〜23vol% in this study. In the previous report, the effect of using the fuel included oxygen and the oxygen addition encourage the combustion is confirmed, it has been understood to be able to decrease the quantity consumed of gasoline. However, the amount of the NOx has increased greatly along with the rise of the flame temperature. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The NOx emissions decreases with decreasing the oxygen concentration of intake air at any engine speeds. 2) The best ethanol addition amount that adjusts to the density of the oxygen concentration exists to use the effect of the combustion promotion effectively. 3) It is possible to simultaneous control the combustion products by using the addition of ethanol and oxygen concentration of intake air oxygen.

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The EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) is one of the methods for decreasing NO_x. But it is ignitability and the stability of the flame decrease by using extremely lean mixtures. This experiment has been carried out to determine the influence of CO_2 addition and initial temperature of mixtures on combustion characteristics of hydrocarbon-air mixtures by using an opposed rapid compression machine. In this report, to further increase an initial temperature, the compression ratio was changed from 7 to 9. The combustion behavior, such as maximum burning pressure, total burning time and flame speed is observed by measuring the pressure and the travel time of flame front in the combustion chamber.

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Nowadays, an approach to tighten an emission control for automobiles is advanced because of worsening environmental problems in the world, and an additional technology progress for combustion improvement is harder expected. There are some effective techniques for reducing the emissions from gasoline engines such as extremely lean combustion. In the previous reports, the experiments had been carried out to obtain the essential data of the influence of oxygen concentration in intake air on the NOx emissions. The next step in this study, the experiments have been carried out to examine the influence of the heat release rate, fuel consumption and thermal efficiency on the combustion characteristics for small gasoline engine.

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Hybrid regression rate theories, based on an idealized turbulent boundary-layer combustion model, were presented by many investigators. On the other hand, there were few theoretical studies on oscillatory combustion in hybrid rocket motors. This paper deals with a theoretical analysis of the low-frequency combustion instability induced by the combustion time lag of liquid oxidizer in small-scale hybrid rocket motors. We obtained the properties of the theoretical stability limit that is determined by the following parameters: the combustion time lag of liquid oxidizer, the residence time of a combustion chamber, injector pressure, chamber pressure, mass flux exponent, O/F, and the polytropic exponent of mixture gas in a combustion chamber. In addition, we conducted some experiments to examine unstable combustion in a hybrid rocket motor. The theoretical stability limit was compared with these experimental data.

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In this study, effects of aspect ratio on mixed convective heat transfer in horizontal rectangular duct were examined numerically and experimentally. The working fluid was water. As thermal boundary conditions, the upper and the bottom walls were insulated thermally and the side walls were heated and cooled walls respectively in the heat transfer section. In the numerical analysis, the fluid flow and the temperature distributions for Ri=1.61, Pr-6.99, Re=100, and aspect ratio, A_r=0.2〜10, were obtained by solving non-dimensional governing equations using SIMPLE procedure. QUICK scheme was applied to convection term of these equations. In the experimental analysis, the flow behavior for A_r=0.5〜2 was visualized by dye-injection method. Numerical results show that the swirl flow was generated along the flow direction, and its pitch length was influenced with A_r. The pitch length was shortest in A_r=0.5〜1, and this tendency was the same in numerical results and experimental results. The heat transfer behavior was discussed corresponding to flow.

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In order to know the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of a vertical channel having grooved pattern in one side, we have carried out a numerical analysis using the commercial CFD code. This system may be used as a wall of house to reduce the electricity consumption of an air conditioner. The side wall is heated by radiation of solar energy and is cooled by natural convection of air. This paper describes fluid flow characteristics of inside channel having grooved pattern which are exposed to radiation heat and are cooled by air. We have analyzed the steady state of natural convection in the vertical channel by using Phoenics code (CHAM Limited). From the results obtained in the numerical analysis, it is found that air inside the channel heated by solar energy. This system have a potential to warm the air in a room, however, it is difficult to establish the flow of warmed air from the vertical channel to the room/

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This paper describes evaluation of thermal conductivity materials for the reduction of thermal contact resistance. Recently, performance of electronic equipments has improved. But generation of heat of the device has increased. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the cooling technology. Then, I have evaluated thermal interface material (TIM) in this study by customized experimental equipment. In this study, I have evaluated 3 types TIM (A, B, and C). As a result, C is most effective the reduction of thermal resistance when load on TIM is 0.4MPa and temperature of cooling water is 10[℃].

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Experiments have been carried out to elucidate the rise effect of human body temperature by corona nano mist sauna using the water fragmentation method. The effect of corona nano mist sauna is analyzed by comparing with the data obtained from the hot water bath and by solving the heat and mass transfer equation about human body. Temperature and relative humidity in corona nano mist sauna are 40℃ and 98%, respectively and temperature of hot water bath is 41 to 42℃. Time duration of bathing is 20min for the both of corona nano mist sauna and hot water bath. The main acquisition obtained from the study is as follows that corona nano mist sauna brings it possible to promote the heat production from body by the increase of metabolism.

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In this paper, an Electrostatic-Cyclone DPF (Diesel Particulate Filer) has been developed to reduce the Particulate Matter (PM) from a marine diesel engine. Size distribution of the PM in the exhaust gas of two-stroke marine diesel engine (188rpm, 1,103kW) was measured by a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). The effects of the seal air for electrode protection and of the applied voltage in electrostatic precipitator on particle size distribution of PM were examined. The experimental results demonstrate that mode diameter of PM shifts to larger diameter in consequence of the seal air mixing with the exhaust gas in electrostatic precipitator, and that the particle number of PM decreases and mode diameter of PM grows larger with the applied voltage increases.

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The experiments have been carried out to develop the high efficiency radiation panel heater using the spectrum absorption technique in the regime of far infrared rays around 1200cm^<-1> in wave number. The wave number employed in the study is corresponding with that of the human body (this is called it resonance frequency with human body). The radiant materials used in spectrum absorption technique are composed of polar crystal metals including the tourmaline ores. Especially, radiant materials make it possible to produce the minus ion [(H_2O)_nO_2^- as chemical species] by mixing with granite powder to tourmaline polar crystal metals. The acquisitions obtained from the study are as follows that, the spectrum absorption technique in the regime of far infrared rays around 1200cm^<-1> in wave number are very effective to achieve the high efficiency panel heater, the wave characteristic generated from radiant materials is very useful for rising our body temperature accompanying with comfortable and mild, and minus ion of (H_2O)_mO_2^- is also very effective for promotion of heat production by muscular tissue.

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Today, that attention is focused on global energy issues. The situation is being questioned how efficiently you use our existing resources, utilization of renewable energy to gain said to be one solution to this problem. The authors focus on studying harmless and inexhaustible solar energy in renewable energy and makes solar collector for trial purposes. This announcement is collection of heat with this device although the objective is using in the heat desalination technology by acquired calorie. The Feature of this device is segmented mirror focusing system and using vacuum tube. The purpose of this experiment is requesting the calorie and the heat collection efficiency obtained with this device and examining problem of efficiency gain.

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This paper discusses the experimental evaluation of heating of adsorbents by recovering condensation heat for double-effect adsorption refrigeration system.In this system, the cycles are divided into High temperature side (HEX) and Low temperature side (LEX) for the sake of recovering condensation heat. The described vapor from HEX flows into LEX. Then, this heat is used for desorption of adsorbents in LEX. The experimental results using self-produced fin-tube heat exchangers show that the desorbed vapor from HEX heats up the adsorbents in LEX by 15 degrees Celsius, and also raise the pressure of LEX. At the same time, desorption from the adsorbents in LEX is observed It can safely be said that the double-effect is accomplished in this research while improvement still needs to be done.

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To improve the performance of a conventional single stage adsorption chiller, we proposed a dual evaporator type three-bed adsorption chiller. We have assembled an experimental device to test the performance of a dual evaporator type three-bed adsorption chiller. The heat input and the cooling output are calculated by the measurement of temperature and mass flow rates. In addition, the performance of a dual evaporator type adsorption cycle was compared with that of a conventional single stage adsorption cycle in terms of COP. As a result, it was shown that a dual evaporator type adsorption cycle achieved a higher COP than a single stage adsorption cycle.

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The Iodine-Sulfur (IS) process is a promising candidate of large scale hydrogen production methods. The present study concerns with development of IS process equipment utilizing direct contact heat exchanger (DCHX). The application of DCHX to the sulfuric acid decomposition step of IS process has been proposed such that the decomposed gas contacts with the sulfuric acid solution supplied from the bunsen reaction step. The concept is very attractive in terms of the development of compact and efficient sulfuric acid concentrator. However, little is known on the behavior of sulfuric acid in the DCHX, which is required for the equipment design. Therefore, we considered an experimental acquisition of essential design parameter of the DCHX, the gas-phase mass transfer coefficient. Based on this consideration, we designed wetted-wall column with an inner diameter of 15mm as experimental apparatus that used sulfuric acid of azeotropic composition and non-condensable gas, and experimental conditions was decided to Re_L≦100 and Re_G≦4000.

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