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Article type: Cover
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Published: September 20, 2002
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Article type: Appendix
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App1-
Published: September 20, 2002
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Article type: Index
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Toc1-
Published: September 20, 2002
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Hideo TAKAHASHI, Hiroshi IIZUKA
Article type: Article
Pages
1-2
Published: September 20, 2002
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Fatigue failure mechanism in synchronous belts with steel cord were investigated. The belt failure was initiated near the tooth root, where the steel cords were broken. The steel cord was made by twisting nineteen steel wires. It consisted of one core wire, six inner layer wires and nine outer layer wires. The bending fatigue tests of the steel cord were carried out and discussed the fatigue failure mechanism. The bending fatigue was firstly initiated for the outer wires. However, the bending stress was highest in the center core wire according to our geometrical analysis. Therefore, the interaction between the wires may increase the axial stress and the total stress of the bending and the axial stresses may fatigue the outer wire. On the other hand, the FEM results showed that the maximum stress occurs in the outer layer wire by the restriction between wires.
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Yoshikatsu OHTA, Hiroshi IIZUKA, Akihiro UENO, Takeshi MURAKAMI, Daiki ...
Article type: Article
Pages
3-4
Published: September 20, 2002
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The synchronous belts are used under fluctuation torque conditions in an automobile cam-shaft drive system. Under such conditions, the fatigue damage is accumulated at the tooth root in the driving direction side, although the fatigue damage is accumulated at the opposite tooth root under steady torque conditions. In this study, the mechanism in which the damage accumulation site is changed with the torque condition is examined. Especially, effects of belt tension, tooth load and tooth height on the damage accumulation site are examined using FEM analysis.
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Hiroyuki UEDA, Masanori KAGOTANI, Tomio KOYAMA, Shigemitsu TOCHIMORI
Article type: Article
Pages
5-6
Published: September 20, 2002
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Helical synchronous belts have been developed in order to reduce the noise that occurs when conventional timing belts are driven. However side tracking in helical drives due to the helical shape of the tooth trace is more problematic than in conventional drives. In the present study, method for reducing side tracking in helical synchronous belt by adjusting pitch difference under torque was investigated experimentally. It is found that side tracking can be reduced when the pitch difference is adjusted as both axial forces at beginning of meshing on the driving and the driven pulleys act in opposite directions and are equal.
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Kiyoshi OKURA, Akihiko TOKUDA, Takeshi MURAKAMI
Article type: Article
Pages
7-8
Published: September 20, 2002
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This paper reports the radiation mechanism and prediction method of timing belt noise. The noise is radiated from belt transverse vibration that is excited by the belt displacement induced by the polygon effect of the pulley and the deformation of the belt at meshing point. The belt displacement is calculated by FEM and then radiated noise level is obtained by sound radiation theory using the belt vibration mode, velocity and its frequency.
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Toshimasa KIKUCHI, Kenichi MITOME, Tatsuya OHMACHI
Article type: Article
Pages
9-10
Published: September 20, 2002
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Theoretically, the contact between tooth surfaces of a pair of conical involute gears is the point contact. Hence the tooth surface durability is small."Concave conical gear" was invented in order to overcome this weak point. This gear can be cut by gear shaper. In this paper, an allowable normal load of a pair of concave conical gears that cut by this method is obtained, which is larger than that of a pair of conical involute gears. Thus it is proven that this cutting method is of practical use.
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Tatsuhiko ASAKAWA, Kenichi MITOME, Tatsuya OHMACHI
Article type: Article
Pages
11-12
Published: September 20, 2002
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A concave conical gear is a new type of a conical gear. The concave conical gear has higher tooth durability than the conventional conical gear. So the concave conical gear has the possibility to be used instead of the bevel gear. However, the hobbing method of this gear has not been developed so far. This research presents a new hobbing method to cut the concave conical gear correctly. Test gears are cut and measured, and it is proven that the new hobbing method is practical utility in producing the concave conical gear.
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Kouji NISHIDA, Takafumi NANBA, Hiroshige FUJIO, Yasuo MINAMI, Toshio H ...
Article type: Article
Pages
13-14
Published: September 20, 2002
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It is possible to obtain detailed form deviation of whole flank of objective gear tooth by laser interferometry using large angle of incidence. But it takes much time to process data of brightness intensity on CCD image sensor, and the method is not introduced in production line for the sake of optical instability of the measuring system. Therefore to detect a tooth form deviation of a cylindrical involute gear, a new measuring system is considered. The effectiveness of this method of rapidly detecting a tooth form by using laser holography is investigated.
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Kouitsu MIYACHIKA, Takao KOIDE, Satoshi ODA, Naoki MOTOOKA, Keiichi UE ...
Article type: Article
Pages
15-16
Published: September 20, 2002
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A 3D-FEM simulation program for induction hardening of sintered metal gears was made up. An electromagnetic field analysis, a heat conduction analysis and an elastic-plastic stress analysis during the induction hardening process of sintered metal gears were carried out by using this program, considering changes of the magnetic permeability, the resistivity, the thermal expansion coefficient and the yield stress with the temperature. The measurement of hardness distribution and the bending fatigue test of induction hardened sintered metal gears were performed. Effects of the heating time on residual stress, hardened layer and bending fatigue strength of induction hardened sintered metal gears were examined, and compared with those of induction hardened wrought steel (S35C) gears.
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Ryohei ISHIMARU, Yasutsune ARIURA, Wataru TOMETAKA, Masahito GOKA
Article type: Article
Pages
17-18
Published: September 20, 2002
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Transmitted load capacity of gear pairs with a combination of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) gear and hardened steel one is investigated using a power-circulating type gear testing machine. In ADI gears, four types of gear finishes are conducted, i.e. cermet-finish hobbing (CF), conventional shot-peening (CSP), fine particle shot-peening by air pressure (FSP1) and fine particle shot-peening by water pressure (FSP2). They have different surface integrity on their tooth. Transmitted load capacity is defined as the maximum load at which no failure is occurred, and is related with surface integrity. The relationship among surface roughness, residual stress and hardness is proposed. From the relation, it is explained that FSP1 gear has the highest transmitted load capacity in four types of ADI gears. Furthermore, the failure of FSP1 gear is investigated and it changes from spalling to breakage at high load conditions.
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Kazuteru NAGAMURA, Kiyotaka IKEJO, Susumu SAITOH
Article type: Article
Pages
19-20
Published: September 20, 2002
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We measured the friction losses of involute- cycloid tooth profile gear, modified cycloid tooth profile gear and involute gear using a power circulating-type gear testing machine, by the oil immersion formula, whose method is based on the oil temperature rise due to the power loss in the gear drives. It was found that the involute- cycloid tooth profile gear has the least friction loss in the three gears. Furthermore, we calculated the gear friction losses of these gears. The calculated value agreed approximately with the experimental data.
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Yong CHEN
Article type: Article
Pages
21-22
Published: September 20, 2002
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Automatic transmission fluid of the improvement in control performance is increasing however, it also has characteristic which is not desirable for the lubrication of the gears. Tooth surface failures of carburized gears such as contact fatigue have begun to increase for this reason. In this study, the pitting fatigue strength tests were conducted using the carburized gears with two methods of tooth surface strengthening. These were shot peening and manganese phosphate film treatment after shot peening. Three kinds of automatic transmission fluids were used. Development of the pitting of gears as influenced by the difference in lubricating oil and the relation of gear wear was investigated by the experiments.
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Ichiro MORIWAKI, Syunpei OGAYA, Koji WATANABE
Article type: Article
Pages
23-24
Published: September 20, 2002
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The present report describes a stress analysis of face gear tooth. Distributed load estimated by geometrical mismatch, one of information included in Tooth Flank Film Element, operates on face gear tooth. This element, a phantom element absent from thickness, can include various particular information on a tooth flank. In this report, stress analysis in the case that misalignment and/or tooth flank modification have been given to a cylindrical gear is tried, then the interesting change of distribution of maximum principal stress can be confirmed.
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Hiroshi GUNBARA
Article type: Article
Pages
25-26
Published: September 20, 2002
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Face gears can be substituted for bevel gears or hypoid gears. However they can be used only in restricted applications today. Recently, a new application of face gears for helicopter transmissions has been proposed and face gears have attracted special interest. In the face gears, generally, the pinion is a conventional spur or helical gear with involute form. Therefore, when the gear dimensions were given, there is little degree of freedom for the gear design. So, a face gear adopting arcuate tooth profile on the pinion has been proposed. And the effects of the radius of the arcuate tooth profile on the constitution of the surface of contact and on the tooth contact patterns have been clarified. This paper presents a new type face gear using the feature mentioned above. The meshing performance of the proposed face gear is similar to that of WN gear.
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Masaki Kano, Kohei Saiki
Article type: Article
Pages
27-28
Published: September 20, 2002
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This paper describes a new formula for the bending deflection of the gear rack, which is used to calculate the transmission error of the helical gear pair. New formula is consistent with the precise FEM result over the wide range of (1) pressure angles from 10 to 25 degrees, (2) depth factors from 1.0 to 1.4,(3) width height ratios from 2 to 6,(4) clearance factor 0.35. This new formula is physically agreeable and much more simple than traditional Umezawa and Nishino's formula.
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Tomokatsu TERAO, Michihiko TANAKA, Nobuhiko HENMI
Article type: Article
Pages
29-30
Published: September 20, 2002
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The magnitude of load distribution on the contact line of a gear is very important factor in the strength design of gears. However, it is not easy to determine it analytically, because the total stiffness is comprised of two different contributions. The first one is the bending stiffness that is defined by displacement of gear tooth under load, and the last one is the contact stiffness that takes into account of the local displacement of the facing surfaces. In this report, we present practical way of calculating the load distribution on the contact line of gear teeth by applying the finite element technique. The advantage in applying the finite element method to the contact problem of meshing gears is to easily take the direct relationship between the bending stiffness and the contact stiffness.
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Tatsuya OHMACHI, Suguru TOMOGUCHI, Chaojiu WANG, Keniti MITOME
Article type: Article
Pages
31-32
Published: September 20, 2002
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The VGR rack and the pinion have the characteristic of changing the amount of movements of the rack with uniform rotation of the pinion. In this research, the pinion is regarded as the tool, and tooth surfaces of the VGR rack are generated. Using calculated theoretical tooth surface the contact lines of the VGR rack and the pinion are found, and the engagement of the VGR rack is shown. Moreover, in a different basic dimensions of the pinion, the changing of the simultaneous contact line of the VGR rack is shown.
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Syuhei KUROKAWA, Yasutsune ARIURA, Hidenori FUJIWARA
Article type: Article
Pages
33-34
Published: September 20, 2002
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Gear transmission errors cause many problems such as efficiency loss, noise, and some kind of failures. If it can be possible to predict gear transmission errors easily, there are many advantages to improve such problems. A simulation program has been developed for the purpose of estimating gear transmission errors, but there is some difference in results between simulation and experiment. In the simulation, theoretical equation is used to calculate tooth deflections. In this paper, as another approach for prediction of gear transmission errors under load, experimental equations of tooth deflections are used in a newly developed simulation program. Since tooth deflection is one of the main aspects of gear transmission errors, a comparison of two simulations is expected to lead some clues in this problem.
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Syuhei KUROKAWA, Yasutsune ARIURA, Yoji MATSUKAWA
Article type: Article
Pages
35-36
Published: September 20, 2002
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The influence of the gear eccentricity is investigated under no load. In actual gear pairs, it is common that tooth flanks are modified. In addition to tooth flank topographies, pitch deviations, especially cumulative ones, often occur because of careless setup in manufacturing process. Transmission errors including radial eccentricities and cumulative pitch deviations of a pair of spur gear are measured. The amount of eccentricities and phase difference of gear pairs is also identified by independent measurement. Cumulative pitch deviations are converted to the additional eccentricity and added to measured parameters of eccentricity as vectors. It is clarified that the conversion of cumulative pitch deviations into gear eccentricity successfully performed and the idea of the composite vector of eccentricity is verified accurately with measured and simulated results.
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Takao KOIDE, Makoto SHIRAI, Hiroyuki WADA, Satoshi ODA
Article type: Article
Pages
37-38
Published: September 20, 2002
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This paper describes the reduction of the vibration and noise of engine gear units for automobile. The vibration and noise of the engine balancer were examined. The running tests of the engine balancer were carried out using the power-absorbing-type engine balancer testing machine. In the engine balancer, two types of gears were used, that is, S45C gears and hybrid structure gears of which teeth and rim part were made of S45C and gear body was made of FC250. The effects of rotational speed, applied torque, backlash and gear structure on the vibration and noise of the engine balancer were determined.
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Hiroshige MATSUOKA, Norihiko TSUCHIMOTO, Kaduko YAMANE, Shigehisa FUKU ...
Article type: Article
Pages
39-40
Published: September 20, 2002
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The impact motion of a spherical body or a body with rectangular-grooved-surface towards a plane was analysed considering the structural force of the intervening liquid. The groove depth, d_g, and the groove ratio, r_g, were introduced as parameters for the rectangular-grooved-surface. The effects of d_g and r_g on the structural force and the dynamic motion were investigated and it was clarified that the effects can be explained in terms of the potential energy by the structural force.
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Takaaki OIWA, Ryosuke TAKAHASHI, Kenji MITSUI
Article type: Article
Pages
41-42
Published: September 20, 2002
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This paper describes a compensation device for joint motion errors, elastic displacements of the joints and links, and thermal deformations of the links. This device employs two rods connecting with the joints and a scale unit. The scale unit can measure the variation of the distance between the joints independently of the external load because the rods aren't subjected to the load. Moreover, temperature fluctuation has little effect on measured variation because the rods are made of Super Invar. This device is built in the experimental active prismatic joint of a coordinate measuring machine for micro parts. Experiments show that the device improves the stiffness and decreases the thermal expansion of the link.
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Masao NISHIOKA
Article type: Article
Pages
43-44
Published: September 20, 2002
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It is known that the diameter of cutter must be same as the diameter of the cam follower for the case of cylindrical cam to obtain the precise cam surface. However, if the error is permissible, the smaller size cutter is preferred in the roughing milling process, because the cost of cutter increases exponential fashion. For the case of the cylindrical cam with translating follower, the tool offset and the offset error have been studied. Here a similar methodology to obtain the tool offset of the smaller cutter for a cylindrical cam with oscillating follower is proposed and the offset error is evaluated. The evaluation of error can be useful to determine the minimum size of smaller cutter for finishing milling and grinding processes.
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Osamu YOSHIDA, Takaaki OIWA, Hiroyuki KONDO
Article type: Article
Pages
45-46
Published: September 20, 2002
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This paper describes calibration simulations for identifying kinematic parameters of 6 DOF paralell mechanism, joint location and link length, consists of six active prismatic joints composed parallel to moving platform. Firstly, we tried some approaches, such as least square method, to identify parameter by translatioal and angular motion errors of moving platform. Moreover, we researched the way only using the translational errors of moving platform. Therefore, we investigated possibility of calibration with touch trigger probe.
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Jun NANGO
Article type: Article
Pages
47-48
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The spatial 7R link constant-velocity joint is obtained when some of kinematic constants of spatial 7R 7-link mechanism are given suitably. This joint can transmit a rotational motion and a torque with constant velocity between two intersecting shafts. It was verified experimentally that the shaft angle can be vary in the region of ±90°. When the shaft angle is greater, there is a fear that the motion transmissibility of constant-velocity joints become worse. So the motion transmissibility is examined by measureing the input torque of the constant-velocity joint. Also, it is examined that modifying the spatial 7R link constant-velocity joint to the multi-loop type is an effective measure against increasing the output angle errors.
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Katsumi WATANABE, Tsutomu KAWAKATSU, Shouichi NAKAO
Article type: Article
Pages
49-50
Published: September 20, 2002
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The closed loop equations of three cylindrical rollers, the spider with three spherical ends (the tripod) and the housing of tripod constant velocity joints are deduced and are solved for prescribed positions of its input and output shafts. A procedure is established for solving simultaneously a set of conditional equations with respect to forces and moments acting on three cylindrical rollers, the tripod and the housing, for any values of friction coefficients between cylindrical rollers and its grooves and spherical ends.
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Katsumi Watanabe, Yoshihiko KATOH, Jyun NANGO
Article type: Article
Pages
51-52
Published: September 20, 2002
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The closed loop equations of a constant velocity joint which consists of two circular roller, the spider of two axes and the housing of two grooves are deduced for any prescribed position of the end point of the spider shaft relative to the position of the housing shaft. It is shown that the constant velocity joint has the output angle error of sinusoidal and π-period and its amplitude increases exponentially for the joint angle. Moreover, the influences of small changes of kinematic constants on the relative motion of components are evaluated.
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Daiki KAMIYA, Tetsuji SUZUKI, Mikio HORIE
Article type: Article
Pages
53-54
Published: September 20, 2002
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The purpose of this study is to clarify the specification required for the force feedback master manipulator that a human operates without a feeling of wrongness. We measure the motion of human hands and the grasping force with two CCD cameras and a load cell attached to the object when a human grasps two types of object different from one another in grasping length and weight. It's guessed that relative motion between a thumb and a forefinger is a bisical problem to human picking operation and also an imformative motion to understand it. In this report, a change of distances between a thumb and a forefinger is investigated in picking operation. An object beome larger than a size of space between the two fingers in a natural state, it takes a more time for a human to open the fingers and a maximum space between a finger and an object becomes more narrow. Then, operation becomes harder for an object larger than a size of space between the two fingers in a natural state. So, for a virtual object of a master robot, an object smaller than the natural space between the fingers may makes more efficiency and better feeling for operators.
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Nobuyuki Iwatsuki, Norifumi Nishizaka, Tomokatsu Kitamura, Kouichi Mor ...
Article type: Article
Pages
55-56
Published: September 20, 2002
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This paper describes dimensional synthesis and motion control of a spatial network-structure robot. Direct kinematics of the robot which was composed of 2 modules and had 5 degree-of-freedom (DOF) was carried out based on direct kinematics of each module. Singular configuration of the module with 3 DOF was analyzed with transmission index. A prototype of the robot was improved so as to avoid the singular configurations and was examined with motion control experiments.
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Kwang KIM, Daehwan KIM, Jinwon LEE, Youngmin CHEONG
Article type: Article
Pages
57-58
Published: September 20, 2002
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In an optical disc system, the performances of read and write characteristics were deteriorated because the disc inclined to the optical pick-up that called disk tilting. In order to improve its characteristics, a method that rotates the objective lens to keep with parallel to slanted disc was developed. This paper describes rotation stiffness of actuator and its dominant parameters such as length and diameter of suspension spring and radius of rotation. Furthermore, we discuss the difference of deflection amount in conventional actuator. And then, it proposes new method that prevents compressive force from acting a specific suspension spring that support the object lens and its holder. As a result, compressive force did not act to a specific suspension springs because the all suspension springs were arrayed same radius of rotation. Therefore, stiffness of suspension spring keeps positive because its stiffness will be increase as its deflection increase.
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Teruo SOEDA, Daiki KAMIYA, Mikio HORIE
Article type: Article
Pages
59-60
Published: September 20, 2002
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A FAB (Fast Atom Beam) manufacturing is able to make a high-aspect-ratio structure. The manufacturing precision of the line-and-space does not decrease largely in the case of the FAB manufacturing, when the distance between the mask and the substrate is situated in a limited length. In the present paper, first, a new method to make a line-and-space on the substrate by use of FAB is proposed. In the method, the mask with line-and -space is put on the substrate with slope. Changing the slope of the mask, it is possible to change the line-and-space on the substrate. Next, the manufacturing process of the mask to make a nano-meter-order line-and-space on the substrate by use of FAB etching machine is proposed. Moreover, the mask is manufactured by use of FAB and its performance of manufacturing is discussed.
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Hiroaki Katoh, Katsumi Watanabe
Article type: Article
Pages
61-62
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The Stephenson III six-bar linkage consists of the planar four-bar linkage and the external dyad. The branches are the domains on the coupler curves separated by two limit points or limit and turnimg points. The circuits are the coupler curve or its domains separated by two turning points. In this paper, it is shown that these branches and circuits can be mapped on four number lines discriminated by the sign of the determinant of the Jacobian matrix and the sign of the sine of the relative angular displacement of the connecting link.
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Keiichi WATANUKI, Toshihiko ARAMAKI, Yusuke TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
Pages
63-64
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The environment where Japanese industry has been paid with respect is changing tremendously due to the globalization of economics, where Asia countries are undergoing economical and technical development as well as advancing in Information Technology. With acceleration of manufacturing bases relocating abroad, industrial hollowing out is happening; hence effort to transfer the technology and the design knowledge of machine design in a company is becoming an important subject. For example, in the design of casting product, a designer who is lack of casting knowledge may not be able to produce a good design. In order to obtain a good design, it is necessary to equip the designer with a support system related to easting process or so called, knowledge transfer system. This paper proposes a machine design knowledge transfer system; where machine design, which requires added values such as advanced technology, high quality, short delivery time, is taken as an example and both its explicit and tacit knowledge are cooperated by using Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language.
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Mitsuo KOBAYASHI, Toshio NEMOTO, Tomoo NAKAMURA, Kaoru HONGO
Article type: Article
Pages
65-66
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In WG of the ISO/TC2 relation, the proper intensity evaluation method of the bolt product is examined. For it evaluates strength on bolt product itself tension test specimen of JIS 14A type, it is necessary to examine the effect of free threaded length on the mechanical property of the bolt product. And there are free threaded length and changes of permanent strain quantity of the offset method in search of the proof stress, etc. in ISO898-1 revision matter. This report clarified effect of free threaded length on mechanical property of the bolt product and effect of the permanent strain quantity at proof stress.
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Masaya HAGIWARA, Takahiro INAGAKI, Yasuhide TAKEUCHI
Article type: Article
Pages
67-68
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The fatigue strength of a bolt in bolted assemblies is one of the most important characteristics in designing machinery or structure. JISB 1081 (ISO 3800) specifies the conditions for carrying out axial load fatigue tests on threaded fasteners, in which the use of threaded test adapter is allowed as an internally threaded component as well as standard ISO nuts. It is known that the fatigue strength of a bolt is dominated by the stress concentration at the first thread root, and is affected by the specifications of a nut mated. Moreover, the fatigue strength of a bolt mated with threaded adapter may further be changed due to the difference of the location of the bearing face. In this paper, the effect of the type of internally threaded components on the fatigue strength has been investigated both by fatigue testing and FEM analysis aiming to clarify the contents of "fatigue notch factor" of a bolt. The results show that the fatigue strength of a bolt mated with threaded adapter is significantly higher than that with ISO nut only when the maximum load is relatively low, and such a phenomenon can be explained by the stress distribution at the first thread root of the bolt.
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Shinji HASHIMURA, Yukitaka MURAKAMI
Article type: Article
Pages
69-70
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Loss of the clamping force of bolted joints in service causes fatigue failure. Accurate detection of the clamping force by existing methods is not easy. In this study, a new method of detecting the clamping force of bolted joints in service after tightening is proposed. In the proposed method, the clamping force is detected by pulling the bolt threads with protruded through the nut. During the pulling process, the nut is pressed to the opposite direction and the variation of the apparent spring constant of the bolted joint is measured. At the moment, when the pulling force reaches the clamping force of the bolted joint, the apparent spring constant varies drastically. The clamping force of a pre-tightened bolted joint was detected experimentally by the proposed method and the value was compared with those obtained by an existing method. It is shown that the accuracy of the present method is much better than other method and the error was estimated to be less than ± 10%.
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Nobuyuki MIYAZAWA, Syuji HOSOKAWA
Article type: Article
Pages
71-72
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In this study, the behavior of the basic tightening which occurred by tightening experiment of pipe flange by fundamental 4 volts by the interference of the volt of the mutuality as a multiple volt fastening body first of all was examined. As the result, beginning beginning 2 volts flange unstably, the linear relation is not established on tightening torque and axial force with the living to the volt the bending. In next 2 tightening, for it, since the flange has already been fixed, other effect to the bolt axial tension was also little, and it was proven that tightening torque and axial force also showed the linear relation.
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Hiroyuki KUMEHARA, Tetsuo ARAHATA, Hiroshi SUDA
Article type: Article
Pages
73-74
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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From the reliable point of view of the threaded joints, this paper describes the effects of Cr and Al films between contact surfaces on the dynamic sliding coefficient in threaded joint estimated by the staircase method. The factors taken in the experiment are tightening force, amplitude and mean of external load, and coated film on contact surfaces of the threaded joints. The main results obtained are as follows : (1) From the estimation of dynamic sliding coefficient between threaded contact surfaces by the staircase method, it is found that the dynamic sliding coefficient between threaded contact surfaces is lower than static sliding coefficient under any condition of contact surface, that is coated with Cr or Al film. (2) It is recognized from the experimental results that the chromium film is useful for the static sliding coefficient and the dynamic sliding coefficient between threaded contact surfaces.
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Manabu OKADA, Shinji KASEI
Article type: Article
Pages
75-76
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The run-out of bearing surfaces of nuts and bolts is considered to be an important subject in geometrical accuracies of threaded fasteners. This report presents theoretical and experimental results on its statistical feature. Theoretically, it is derived that it has the feature characterized with the Rayleigh distribution or the similar one. Measurement data on samples of M10 and M10×1.25 can be well explained with the above distribution. By using this result, the run-out of bearing surfaces can be evaluated under a theoretical background.
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Manabu OKADA, Shinji KASEI, Yuji SHIMOJIMA
Article type: Article
Pages
77-78
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This report deals with the influence of perpendicularity of bearing surfaces of bolted joints on the bending moment loaded to bolt shanks. As test samples, the followings are employed : specially made M10×1.25 bolts and nuts with the thread gage class accuracies, and plates fastened by them which have slope angles of 0∿1.2°between two end surfaces. A torsion test machine is applied to fastening experiments. About this subject, analytical solutions are derived by a simple calculation and a FEM analysis. Especially, experimental values agree well with the latter results.
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Shinji KASEI, Hirohito MATSUOKA, Tomohiro OJIRO, Satoshi YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
Pages
79-80
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This report deals with sliding friction between two annular plates made of mild carbon steel under oil lubrication. This experiment was planed for examining basic frictional feature of bolt-nut fastenings. The reformed experiment apparatus is explained and experimental results obtained under conditions of sliding speed up to 60rpm and contact pressure up to 200N/mm^2 are presented. It is concluded that friction coefficient receives less influences from the above two factors and have expected values of about 0.12 to 0.14,but geometrically ill-balanced contact gives large influences.
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Shigeo FUKADA, Toshihiko TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
Pages
81-82
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Sliding leadscrews have advantage of high stiffness and vibration damping property though they have disadvantage of large friction loss. This study proposes a method of improving the frictional property by supplying compressed, air, the pressure of which is limited to the range that the screw shaft and the nut keep contact, between the thread flanks so as to support a part of axial load. The previous report explained the basic experiments using simplified cylindrical model to obtain fundamental data for development of the "half-floating leadscrew". This report explains an actual half-floating leadscrew manufactured on trial. Some experimental results are shown on the frictional property under the condition that the air pressure is supplied between the screw shaft and the nut.
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Tadaatsu SATOMI, Takumi TANDOU
Article type: Article
Pages
83-84
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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In recent years, a precision positioning technology involving an air-lubricated bearing has become indispensable in various fields of semiconductor manufacturing, measuring instruments, life engineering and so forth. Thus, the precision level at which to realize the nanometer size is required in the precision positioning technology. The aerostatic lead screw is considered prominent as one of the most effective tools to realize it. In this study, we tried the ceramic type aerostatic lead screw manufacturing to improve on the positioning error causing the change of environmental temperature. In this paper, we report the cutting know-how of the ceramic male screw and accuracy of said screw.
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Masakazu NISHIMURA
Article type: Article
Pages
85-86
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Improvement of lens positioning accuracy and temperature compensation of scanner lens system were possible by using a shrink fitter. However, the shrink fitter had to the processed at high dimensional accuracy in order to get fixed interference, and it became the high cost. Moreover if the interferance was larger than the designed value, the press fit had to be done. It caused the deterioration of lens positioning accuracy. In order to solve these problems two new methods of integrating the scanning lenses were developed. Their effectiveness were clarified by numerical analysis and experiment.
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Nozomi Itoh
Article type: Article
Pages
87-88
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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This paper describes performance of a newly designed double tandem Giant-magnetostrictive actuator (DGMA) for a large capacity marine diesel engine injector. The engine needs high-speed and high injection rate of 1000mm^3/ms controllability. The size of DGMA is 135mm in length and 30mm in diameter. It controlled its max displacement of 105μm within 0.5ms at max input current of 14A. Thus, DGMA shortened opening delay-time of the injector by 0.3ms and obtained the required high injection rate on analyses by Bond Graph Simulation Program.
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Yu SHIBATA
Article type: Article
Pages
89-90
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Typical servo systems often miss operations by electrical noise, and it is very difficult to protect them against electrical noise. Thus it is desired to create an opto-pneumatic system which overcomes the EMS. In this paper, we proposed an opto-pneumatic system. We manufactured an optical bimorph actuator using PLZT elements as an opto-mechanical transducer and investigated its dynamic characteristics. In addition, an algorithm to control its position precisely was constructed on the basis of the experimental results. It is confirmed experimental that the position of the optical actuator coincides with the desired value by applying the algorithm. Experimental results show that the actuator was controlled very well (it followed desired value and did not vibrate). So we'd like to improve its dynamic response and try to construct opto-pneumatic system from now.
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Yuichi YOKOTA
Article type: Article
Pages
91-92
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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The present paper describes a new strategy for finish-rolling of helical gears with shaving machine. Recently, the environmental issues require machining processes without cutting fluid; i.e., dry cutting, even in gear manufacturing. A plunge load which could also affect the finished tooth forms also measured to understand finishrolling process in detail. As a result, the process should be a very complicate, so that it is impossible, to determine when, where, and how larger plastic deformation is induced on tooth flank of work gear. From this result, a computer program for simulating finish-rolling process has been developed with a new model for tooth flank deformation. The developed program can produce tooth forms of finished gears, so that it can be expected to be useful for designing die wheel.
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Kouhei Umehara
Article type: Article
Pages
93-94
Published: September 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017
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Adhesive force between micro parts of MEMS become more important because such resultant force from surface energy are governing. Friction and wear. Therefore it is important to measure and estimate the surface energy that originates in adhesion force of material surfaces to control the friction and wear. Surface energy in a minute area in an MEMS should be measured. But it t was difficult of make the diameter of a liquid drop in the traditional surface energy measurement method below 1 mm. The measurement of the surface energy of a minute area is achieved from a surface energy measurement method using ESEM. So using the ESEM method, we researched the change of surface energy of CNx after friction. Result is that CNx have a tendency that water became to condense on CNx's surface after sliding more than before sliding and CH_2I_2became to condense on CNx surface after sliding less than before sliding.
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