動力・エネルギー技術の最前線講演論文集 : シンポジウム
Online ISSN : 2424-2950
2000.7
選択された号の論文の97件中1~50を表示しています
  • 原稿種別: 表紙
    p. Cover1-
    発行日: 2000/10/30
    公開日: 2017/06/19
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
  • 原稿種別: 目次
    p. i-iv
    発行日: 2000/10/30
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  • 塚越 敬三, 岩崎 洋一, 佃 嘉章, 屋納 光一朗, 秋田 栄司
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    p. 1-6
    発行日: 2000/10/30
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    Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) has developed the large capacity and high efficiency gas turbines, M701G1 with 1450℃ class turbine inlet gas temperature. M701G1 gas turbines have applied the basic structure of 1350℃ class M501F/M701F gas turbines which have abundant operating experiences and high reliability. In addition, the advanced technologies obtained from various component tests to satisfy a demand for higher turbine inlet gas temperature have been also applied at development and design stages. Tohoku Electric Power Co., Higashi Niigata Thermal Power Plant #4 is the exhaust heat recovery type large capacity combined cycle power plant having more than 50% themal efficiency (HHV base). MHI's M701G1 gas turbines were installed in this plant as the main power generation engines, and started commerical operation in July 1999. Now, this plant is being successfully operated.
  • 市川 善浩, 巽 哲男
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    p. 7-12
    発行日: 2000/10/30
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    This paper describes a summary of the research and development program (FY1988-1998) of 300-kW class ceramic gas turbine (CGT302). This program has been promoted as a part of the New Sunshine Project funded by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). The CGT302 has successfully accomplished the following that : i) it achieved 42.1% thermal efficiency at a turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of 1,396℃, ii) it obtained 31.7ppm NO_x emissions (O_2=16%) within the regulated value by the law at 1,350℃ TIT and iii) it accumulated more than two thousand hours operation at 1,200℃ TIT. Also, this paper presents an overview and a current status of the development program (FY 1999-2003) of 8,000-kW class hybrid gas turbine (HGT) in which both metal and ceramics are used in parts of high temperature to achieve high thermal efficiency and low emissions.
  • 幡宮 重雄, 井上 洋, 山岸 雅彦, 塚本 守昭
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    p. 13-16
    発行日: 2000/10/30
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    This paper describes advanced utilization of moisture in gas turbine system for the purpose of improving efficiency and output. We have proposed and been develping a concept of Advanced Humid Air Turbine (AHAT) system. In AHAT system, unlike the original HAT system which used inter-cooling type compresser, water atomization cooling (WAC) is used to cool the suction air. More water is added between compresser and recuperator to increase recuperated heat and turbine output. Heat cycle evaluation has shown that the optimum pressure ratio to AHAT is close to that of heavy duty gas turbines. The evaluation also revealed that efficiency of AHAT exceeds combined cycle and the difference is greater in small unit.
  • 上松 一雄, 椙下 秀昭
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    p. 17-21
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    This paper describes "Development of Hydrogen Turbine" which was sponsored by NEDO. The main result was the selection of optimum high efficiency cycle which goes beyond the target HHV 60%. This cycle was dervied from Dr. Jericha's cycle and modified to more efficiency cycle. 1/3 scaled 1^<st> vanes & blades and combustor were manufactured and tested under 1700℃. This result showed good verification. After this development we are now starting new project using the similar cycle which uses methane as a fuel instead of hydrogen. New project can be applied to real society earlier and give technical contribution to "Development of Hydrogen Turbine" in future.
  • 幸田 栄一, 高橋 徹, 上松 一雄, 椙下 秀明, 山下 勝也, 古閑 昭紀
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    p. 22-27
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    In WE-NET project Phase I Program, the power generation system with more than 60% (HHV) thermal efficiency had been designed. However, because this system must be fueled by pure hydrogen, commercialization of this system in early stage is thought to be difficult. Therefore, the new project, in which the natural gas fueled system is targeted, has been started since FY1999. In this project, the power generation efficiency is aimed to be 60% (HHV) or higher, with turbine inlet temperature of 1973K. In this report, the feature of the target system is explained at first. Then, the sensitivities of many parameters are examined in detail.
  • ヴェラユタム サンジャヤン, 伊藤 猛宏, 高田 保之
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    p. 28-32
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    A potential zero emission combined power generation plant fired by liquefied natural gas (LNG) has been investigated. A mixture of carbone dioxide (CO_2)-steam is used as the working fluid of a gas turbine cycle, which replaces the normal combustion-in-air products, notably as the thermal ballast for the control of flame temperature. Oxygen (O_2) is used as the fuel oxidant and is obtained from an air separation unit (ASU). The excess CO_2 due to combustion is extracted by a simple flow separator and liquefied ready to be reused and/or sequestered. The plant configuration and thermodynamics of the cycle are discussed first and then the optimised overall efficiency of the plant is calculated with a comparison of 100% and 120% stoichiometric combustion. The overall net efficiency, optimised to pressure and temperature levels complying with the material and cooling techniques currently available, is around 56% (LHV basis), including the cost of the ASU and the CO_2 separation.
  • 千野 耕一, 中原 貢, 荒木 秀文, 木藤 和明, 大川 令
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    p. 33-36
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    The liquid air is produce by off-peak power and can be stored at atomospheric pressure in a large tank. As on-peak power is needed, the stored liquid air is pumped to high pressure and fed to a combustor of a gas turbine. The energy storage efficiency of this system is greatly increased to more than that of a pumping-up power plant station, when cold heat of the liquid air is reused to produce new liquid air. If LNG cold heat is able to be used for cooling air at the inlet of the compressor, the electric power for generating liquid air is drastically reduced.
  • 石山 新太郎, 武藤 康, 猪亦 麻子, 岸部 忠晴, 前田 進, 松本 岩男
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    p. 37-42
    発行日: 2000/10/30
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    This paper describes a design of the gas-turbine system in a 400MWt HTGR closed cycle helium gas turbine power plant. Design of turbine, compressors, generator and FP filter are given. Results show that; (1) Compactness and enlightening of turbine and compressors are achieved in these designs with high performance, (2) Helium cooled generator combined with static starter system is adapted in these design, (3) FP filter of high removability against ^<110m>Ag and graphite particle in high temperature helium coolant was designed by sintered filter material made of Hastelloy X.
  • 大橋 俊之, 中川 和明, 越崎 健司
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    p. 43-48
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    A high temperature CO_2 removal technique with solid absorbent was discussed. We confirmed continuous CO_2 removal at around 500℃ from flowing gases using a bench-scale reactor filled with the absorbent. The removal efficiency was improved by increasing total pressure. Under a total pressure of 5 atm, we achieved complete CO_2 removal for a period of 45 min.
  • 森原 淳, 長崎 伸男, 木田 栄次, 入谷 淳一, 辻口 聡
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    p. 49-52
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    As coal is the most abundant fossil fuel, coal should be used for not only power generation but also production of fuel and agriculture chemicals. Staged coal gasifier can increase production of methane by controlling the feed oxidizer ratio between stages. The 50 tons per day pilot plant of the gasifier tested at Chiba prefecture in Japan from 1990 to 1995 by NEDO (The New Energy and Industrial Tcchnology Development Organization). The main objective is production of Hydrogen. The new 150 tons per day pilot plant has started construction from 1998 by Electric Power Development Co., LTD. EAGLE (Coal Energy Application for Gas Liquid and Electricity) project aims to increase efficiency of staged gasifer and to achieve high performance clean up system.
  • 福本 康二, 亀井 健治, 須田 真充, 沢田 昇
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    p. 53-56
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    Pressurized Coal Partial Combustor (PCPC) is the original gasifire of KHI which consists of a precombustor and a spiral flow slugging combustor. We have conducted 25t/h PCPC pilot test operated at 2.0MPa since 1996. Through the pilot test, such as air-blown two-stage gasification, oxygen-enriched one-stage gasification, we have achieved the target value of gasification performance. And we have obtained various data of gasification about concerning a characteristic of trace elements emission, a relationship between gasification mode and char properties, a scale up characteristic of facilities and so on. After accomplishing the object, we finished all tests in June 1999 successfully. This paper describes test results of a 25t/d pilot plant.
  • 加藤 義隆, 吉川 邦夫, 安藤 純之介, 杉山 しのぶ
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    p. 57-62
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    A new concept slagging gasifier is proposed. The gasifier is the pebble bed gasifier, which contains a fixed ceramic ball bed under an entrained bed. The inner pressure is almost atmospheric pressure. Gasification experiment fueled by pulverized Datong coal was done in a 200 kg/day capacity pebble bed gasifier. Temperature distribution was measured. Based on the results of experiments, energy balance and material balance was calculated. The calorific value of syngas was 1,187 kcal/Nm3. The cold gas efficiency as high as 78% was achieved. Gasification experiment fueled by crushed Skyline coal with the mean particle diameter of 1mm was also done. The calorific value of syngas was 890 kcal/Nm3,and the cold gas efficiency was 65%.
  • 大高 円, 渡邊 裕章, 犬丸 淳
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    p. 63-68
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    The Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power generation system is expected as a clean coal utilization technology in next generation, so some projects if IGCC system have been organized in Europe and USA. In Japan, the experimental researches with the 2T/D test-scale gasifier and the 200T/D pilot-scale gasifier have been completed, and a project of demonstrative IGCC plant will be started in the near future. In this paper, a numerical simulation of the 200T/D pilot-scale coal gasifier is carried out. To feed-back the results of numerical simulation into the design and operation of the coal gasifier, it is important to develop some method which specifies the phenomena in the coal gasifier. This paper presents a new procedure which can be estimated the trap-rate of the ash particles in combustor with the results of numerical simulation. The influence of the change in the burner arrangement and/or shape of gasifier on the trap-rate of the ash particles is estimated by this procedure.
  • 大川 正文, 小宅 康博
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    p. 69-72
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    Recently, oxygen-blown integrated coal gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) has been almost commercialized as a high efficiency power generation plant. In IGCC plant, CO_2 can be easily captured from synthesis gas stream by means of CO shift conversion and conventional acid gas removal process. The overall thermal efficiency of such IGCC plant with CO_2 capture is mutually related with the ratio of CO_2 capture. The overall thermal efficiency of IGCC plant with 90% CO_2 capture is 6% to 7% points lower than that of IGCC plant without CO_2 capture. However, when the ratio of CO_2 capture is about 55%, the drop of thermal efficiency is reduced to less than half of the above fall. Those CO_2 capture and plant efficiency can be achieved without the development of new technologies. The adoption of advanced gas turbine technology and CO2 recycling technology is also being studied as system improvement methods.
  • 石垣 慎也, 佐々木 孝
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    p. 73-78
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    This paper describes the technical issues of gas purification technologies for heavy oil IGCC and the study result to remove H2S and COS at the level of 20ppm total sulfur compounds as well as HCN at the level of 1ppm. The result shows the following three conclusions; (1) Chemical H2S absorption process (MDEA) is more economical than Physical absorption process. (2) The COS and HCN simultaneous hydrolysis catalyst shall be integrated with MDEA process. (3) The thermal amine reclaiming system is practical for MDEA process to remove HSS and thermal degradation of MDEA.
  • 石澤 和彦
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    p. 79-84
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  • 堀内 和行, 井尻 卓壮
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    p. 85-90
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    THE CHUGOKU ELECTRIC POWER CO., INC. is constructing Osaki Coal-fired Power Station in NAGASHIMA island, OSAKI in SETO Inland Sea National Park near Hiroshima. This plant which consists of two units of 250MW each is adopting PFBC (Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion) in consideration of the environmental advantage and high plant efficiency. This construction started in November 1995 and the test operation of 1-1 unit (250MW) has been under way since March 1999. The commercial operation is planned to start in December 2000. To improve the plant operation and stability, this plant consists of innovative and creative system in which the pressurized fluidized bed is devided into two. Also, other features of this plant are CWP (Coal and Water Paste) supply system as fuel, two stage cyclones as a dust remover system and a single-shaft Gas Turbine for PFBC. This paper mainly discribes the results of the Osaki 1-1 unit's test operation.
  • 久保田 正広, 石川 淳介
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    p. 91-95
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    The Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC) system, using coal which is the most stable fossil fuel energy, enables higher efficient power generation. Hokkaido Electric Power Company, Inc (HEPCO) adopted the system to its Tomatoh-Atsuma Unit No.3,for the first commercial plant in Japan, and this unit started commercial operation on March 8^<th> 1998. The paper presents the out line of the system and systematic flow, and adjusts future technological problem experienced since starting operation.
  • 芦沢 正美, 原 三郎, 木戸口 和浩, 犬丸 淳, 佐藤 幹夫
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    p. 96-101
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    Early practical use of extra heavy oil gasification combined power generation plant (IGCC) is expected from the viewpoint of energy security and environmental protection. It is important to support a reasonable design, and to establish the operation index for highly effective achievement for the practical use of the gasifier. The numerical simulation technology will be useful very much for a reasonable design of the gasifier. However, the grasp and the modeling of the phenomenon in the gasifier are indispensable to the numerical analysis technology. For instance, it is elucidation of the partial oxidation reaction process of coke which exerts a large influence on the gasification efficiency, and elucidation of the mechanism of the coking phenomena which becomes an operation trouble. Then, the gasifier for the phenomenon elucidation in the furnace was developed as a tool to support the design and the operation of the actual gasifier strongly. Using this gasifier, coke and the gas under the reaction are sampled, and the distribution characteristic of a gasification reaction is understood. In the same condition, an indispensable heat flux distribution to the numerical analysis is measured. Planned function of gasifier was confirmed, and development of gasifier for research was achieved. In this report, the design and the operation result of the gasifier are described.
  • 吉川 邦夫, 瀧谷 知之, 安藤 純之介
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    p. 102-107
    発行日: 2000/10/30
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    This paper proposes an innovative micro-gasification system for solid wastes whose name is the STAR-MEET system. This system employs a low temperature pyrolizer combined with a high temperature reformer using high temperature steam/air mixture generated by syngas. Preliminary experiments of the STAR-MEET system has been done for three months continuously except week ends, where various industrial wastes are tested including waste wood chips, waste plastics, medical wastes, chicken droppings, waste rubber and car shredder dust. Important findings are : by injecting high temperature air into the pyrolyser, significant increase of the heating value of the pyrolysis gas was observed; and using high temperature steam/air mixture as an oxidant for reforming, almost complete reforming of the tar component has been done with minimum decrease of the heating value of the reformed gas compared with the pyrolysis gas.
  • 野間 毅, 仕入 英武, 塙 伸一, 小野 透, 雨宮 隆
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    p. 108-112
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    This paper describes a pyrolysis gasification system applied for variety of waste such as automobile shredder residue, home appliance waste, municipal waste, municipal waste RDF, municipal waste plastics, and factory waste plastics. The plant generates fuel gas derived from those waste by pyrolysis and gas-cracking process. Level of dioxins emission of the generated fuel gas is extra low. And the operation of gas engine by the generated gas was successfully demonstrated.
  • 守富 寛, 義家 亮
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    p. 113-116
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    Emission of hazardous components including heavy metals in the combustion gas from fossil fuel or waste should be controlled to prevent from the air pollution. And it is important to establish the system of material recycle and efficient use of energy. The purpose of this study is to establish the flue gas treatment system that reduces emission of heavy metals under high temperature condition. In this study, we proposed one of the continuous emission monitoring method for trace elements in high temperature gas, that was called LIBS (laser induced breakdown spectroscopy). Moreover, we evaluated several minerals as sorbent of heavy metals under high temperature to remove them from the flue gas. Focusing on the cadmium adsorbed by kaolinite, the influence of temperature and residence time on the removal efficiency was estimated. The results of them imply that kaolinite can be one useful material of removal for cadmium.
  • 和泉 尚, モハメド モザンメルホック, 大塚 一也, 村上 和彦, 太田 正廣, 西村 尚
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    p. 117-122
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    In this study, thermo gravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) of woods e.g. ezo-matsu, hinoki, momi, and sugi have been done at different heating rates and different ranges of temperature. Moisture content, peak temperature attained due to exothermic reactions, remnant ratios etc. have been determined in each cases and a comparison have been made between the above woods. Finally attempts have been taken to make charcoal from the woods by pyrolysis. The quality of charcoal however depends on pyrolysis temperature, pressure, time, heating rate, and moisture contents of the wood etc. Attempts have also been made to find the optimum values of the influential parameters for the production of a good quality charcoal. Charcoal producing from momi had the better quality among the four types of wood.
  • 上之薗 博
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    p. 123-129
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  • 木村 正
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    p. 130-133
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    Fuel Cell is an environment friendly generation device. Among several kind of fuel cell types. PAFC (Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell) is the most developed one, and its wide penetration to the commercial market can be expected after the accomplishment of cost reduction or after the development of its attractive applications which meet user's needs. Also, PEFC (Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell) has been on development aggressively, of its attractive features for use of automobile and stationary power source. This report focused on these two types of fuel cells, PAFC and PEFC, and describes their characteristics, system, typical introduction examples of new application or development status. It is expected that these newly developed environment friendly fuel cell systems would be accepted and penetrated in the market, and contribute to the preservation of global environment.
  • 加藤 茂実, 青木 信, 瀬谷 彰利, 吉岡 浩
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    p. 134-137
    発行日: 2000/10/30
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    Fuji Electric has been developing Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFCs) since 1989. We have evaluated a number of stacks up to 5kW in rated output power and 2000(cm)^2 in electrode area. These experience enabled us to operate under no humidification; dry H_2 and dry air are supplied to the stack which does not include any part to humidify gases. We made this type of H_2-air 1kW class PEFC stack. We will evaluate the automatically controlled city gas fueled 1kW PEFC system at the end of this year, including a stack, fuel processor, heat recovery, inverter, control unit and other components. For stack, in order to operate with the fuel gas including CO, the anode catalyst was changed into anti-CO type and the cell was re-designed to be operated at the elevated temperature of 80℃. 9-cells stack has been operated at 80℃ with the H_2/CO_2=76/24% mixed gas including 10ppm of CO. We also developed the reformer combined CO shift converter, and a CO remover.
  • 新井 康弘, 三好 倫三, 長谷川 淳一, 田中 正俊, 知沢 洋
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    p. 138-143
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    Fuel Cell vending machine which is powered by propane-fueled PEFC (Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell) was developed and successfully demonstrated the operation. 1kW PEFC is built into the package, and beverage cans are cooled down by the electricity and heated-up by the exhaust heat from the fuel cell, respectively. This co-generation operation showed showed much effectiveness for energy saving. Compact type integrated fuel processing reactor, with which propane fuel can be reformed to low-CO, H2-rich process gas is also incorporated into the system.
  • 池端 昭夫, 黒石 正宏
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    p. 144-149
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    We have actively engaged in the development of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology including chemical reaction in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) and application of this technology to SOFC design. We modified our general purpose CFD program called as TOFAS (TOto Fluid Analysis System) to simulate SOFC phenomena, for example, electrode reaction, reforming reaction and radiation. This report describes the technical information of this modified CFD program and application to several kW-class module structure design. As for TOFAS, Navier-Stokes equation was solved by SIMPLEC and MICCG method in terms of stable and speedy calculation. And this program is wholly parallelized by means of Region Segment Method to calculate large-scale simulation model. We could calculate 3kW-module in 2.5 days, and decide suitable module structure parameter in terms of maximum power generation.
  • 榊 嘉範, 服部 雅俊, 中西 顕宏, 相木 英鋭, 武信 弘一, 宮本 均
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    p. 150-153
    発行日: 2000/10/30
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    MOLB (Mono block Layer Built) type SOFC has many advantages such as high density of electric power generation, small space requirement and suitableness for mass production, etc. Chubu Electric Power Company, Inc. (CEPCO) and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) have jointly developed and evaluated the MOLB type SOFC since 1990. In 1992,the maximum out put of 1.32kW was recorded on 150mm×150mm 40-cell 3stacks. In 1996,We obtained 5.1kW on 200×200mm 40-cell 2stacks. From 1997,the development of 25kW module was started. The design and materials improved. We started for 25kW module generation test in August, 2000.
  • 岩成 亨, 恩田 和夫, 守田 誠, 伊藤 衡平, 乾 義尚, 榊 嘉範, 永田 進
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    p. 154-157
    発行日: 2000/10/30
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    Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is expected to be a candidate for distributed power sources in the next generation, due to its high efficiency, high-temperature waste heat utilization and low emission of pollutants to environment. In this study, two-dimensional simulation program of planar SOFC was made considering mass, charge and heat balances along flow directions and perpendicular to the electrolyte membrane, in order to get temperature and current density distributions along the flow direction. Following the unit-cell calculation, cycle analyses of SOFC combined with gas turbine were also performed. This simulation gives SOFC and gas turbine outputs, system output and efficiency and so on under parametric change of the inlet temperature of gas turbine, and SOFC's operating pressure, current density and gas circulation rate. The system efficiency increases with the increase of the SOFC pressure. Also the effects of cell temperature, average current density and recirculation ratio on system efficiencies are discussed.
  • 高橋 康廣, 大畑 博資
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    p. 158-161
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    公開日: 2017/06/19
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    Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) achieve higher thermal efficiency with much lower emissions. Electric Power Development Co., Ltd has been developing SOFCs. We aim to establish Integrated Coal Gasification SOFC Combined Cycle (IGSOFC) in practical use, so as the elemental research we have tried to estimate the application of syn gas to SOFCs by using single cell stack at Chigasaki R & D Center. In the result, as for mixed atmosphere of H_2-CO, open circuit voltage of measurement is almost same as that of calculation. The higher CO concentration is, the greater overpotential at generation is. H_2S level of 1ppm does not cause permanent degradation to cell.
  • 奥田 敏弘, 荒井 義光, 土合 宏明, 中津 徹, 河西 英一, 湯浅 晃一, 伊藤 和彦
    原稿種別: 本文
    p. 162-165
    発行日: 2000/10/30
    公開日: 2017/06/19
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    The Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) can efficiently generate electric power using a variety of fuels such as natural gas, methanol and the gas produced by coal gasification. In order to reveal the influence of coal gasification gas on the performance of MCFC, we conducted tests using the MCFC generating test facility. A remarkable decrease in cell voltage was observed under high current density. A notable increase in the Nernst Loss is suggested to be a main reason.
  • 高橋 宏, 高橋 心, 水上 貴彰, 加原 俊樹
    原稿種別: 本文
    p. 166-169
    発行日: 2000/10/30
    公開日: 2017/06/19
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) power generating system is expected to be a high efficient and clean system, and development programs for 1,000kW pilot plant and long life time cell technologies have been finished at Mar. 2000,in the New Sunshine project in Japan. For scale up, it is necessary to eliminate cool and hot spots in a cell, in order to reduce stack temperature distribution, the co-flow type and cross flow type 1kW class stacks with the electrode area of 01.m^2 were developed and tested in development programs for longer life stacks. The measured cell temperature distribution showed good agreement with an analytical results. It was revealed that the co-flow type flow pattern was effective for improvement of cell temperature distribution.
  • 川尻 和彦, 米澤 崇, 土野 和典, 言上 佳秀
    原稿種別: 本文
    p. 170-173
    発行日: 2000/10/30
    公開日: 2017/06/19
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    Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) for an automobile needs short start-up time. Methanol reformer for the PEFC has to be heated up to the reforming temperature immediately in a start time. Our conventional reformer used electric heater and it took about 1 hour to set to produce H2 from methanol. In order to make the start-up time of the reformer shorter, catalytic combustion of methanol was investigated to heat up the reformer. The catalytic combustion was applied successfully to the methanol reformer, which was heated up to the reforming temperature within about 10 minutes.
  • 増渕 正博, 牛 明〓, パンジャパン パラニサミー
    原稿種別: 本文
    p. 174-177
    発行日: 2000/10/30
    公開日: 2017/06/19
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    A two-dimensional numerical model is proposed to analyze the flow characteristics of fuel cell reformer. Bumer and catalyst bed sections of the reformer are modeled with single step and multi-step and multi-step (reforming and shifting) chemical reactions including intermediate species CO formation These two different zone reactions are easily modeled with FLUENT solver's flexibility for user's customization. A source code of chemical reactions is written in C language and is directly connected to FLUENT'S binary source. Species diffusion and temperature distribution in the reformer are examined and it is found that absorbing temperature from bumer reaction accelerates methane conversion. Predicted species composition, species conversion rate and temperature in catalyst zone show expected phenomenon in the reformer and it clearly demonstrates the unique capability of FLUENT in solving chemical reaction problems.
  • 金成 克彦, 高野 清南, 寺田 信之, 齋藤 喜康, 塩田 久, 船橋 淳浩, 寺崎 正直
    原稿種別: 本文
    p. 178-183
    発行日: 2000/10/30
    公開日: 2017/06/19
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    Small-scale lithium-ion batteries have been widely used for portable equipment because of their high energy and power densities. Realization of large-scale lithium secondary batteries is expected for their applications to electric vehicles and stationary electric energy storage. So that, since 1992 in the "New Sunshine Program", the R & D of the technologies for distributed electric energy storage is going on and two types of lithium secondary batteries are being developed. One of important issues is clarifying thermal behaviors of the batteries, because the battery temperature affects the performance, the reliability and the safety of batteries. A joint research on thermal simulation technology for lithium secondary batteries between Electrotechnical Laboratory (ETL) and Lithium Battery Energy Storage Technology Research Association (LIBES) has been carried out since 1994^1). This paper describes the research results obtained in ETL and three commission companies to LIBES.
  • 大島 卓, 尾藤 章博, 庄村 光広, 河村 善文
    原稿種別: 本文
    p. 184-187
    発行日: 2000/10/30
    公開日: 2017/06/19
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    Sodium-Sulfur Batteries have been developed to provide load-leveling and stabilize the supply of electricity for electric utilities and large customers. However, concern for safety increases with the amount of sodium and sulfur required for commercial products. The latest (and largest) is a 50kW, 400kWh battery module comprised of 384 cells, designated "T5" cells. Safety is ensured by rigorous safety tests to verify performance during accident conditions that cause electrical, mechanical, thermal and chemical hazards. These tests have proven that T5 cell and 50kW module are adequately safe during such events for use in commercial applications.
  • 上地 英之, 笠木 伸英, 君島 真仁
    原稿種別: 本文
    p. 188-193
    発行日: 2000/10/30
    公開日: 2017/06/19
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    Small distributed generation systems are currently attracting much attenions because of their high energy utilization efficiency. For them, compact and high performance energy conversion devices such as micro gas turbines (μGT) and small fuel cells (FC) have recently been developed. They offer higher electric power conversion efficiency than traditional devices, but their hybrids, e.g., μGT combined with solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), are expected to achieve even higher efficiency. In this paper, we investigate the effects of cycle design parameters on the performance and feasibility of a 30kW μGT-SOFC hybrid system for apartments and small businesses. As a result, a general design strategy is found that higher SOFC cell temperature and lower turbine inlet temperature should be preferred under some restrictions. The electric power generation efficiency of μGT-SOFC hybrids can reach 65% and 60% for pressurized and atmospheric cycles, respectively.
  • 伊藤 高根, 中野 学, 宮入 武
    原稿種別: 本文
    p. 194-199
    発行日: 2000/10/30
    公開日: 2017/06/19
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    This paper describes the possibility of primary energy reduction of domestic residences by introducing a cogeneration system with a micro gas turbine. Much parameters were varied and their influences on the primary energy reduction rate were analyzed. The following results were obtained (1) Even in a cogeneration system where the exhaust energy is recovered, electricity generating efficiency is critical for higher energy reduction rate. (2) When the generating efficiency is rather low, a generating capacity relative to the energy demand and an engine operating mode will make much influences on the energy reduction rate. (3) The generating efficiency of 30% of today's micro gas turbine is not sufficient and desired to be increased to more than 40%.
  • 三浦 千太郎
    原稿種別: 本文
    p. 200-204
    発行日: 2000/10/30
    公開日: 2017/06/19
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    Microturbines were primarily developed and rapidly commercialized in North American and European regions. Market entry of these products in Japan has been underway along with arrangements for domestic distribution and improvement of deregulation. This paper describes results of technical assessment, issues and design consideration to meet requirements of Japanese market pertaining to early microturbine products from United States, as well as status of other new products. This also introduces domestic market outlook and issues of deregulation.
  • 田島 一弘, 上田 雅敏, 浜田 陽, 前田 秀雄, 金井 健, 須齋 嵩
    原稿種別: 本文
    p. 205-208
    発行日: 2000/10/30
    公開日: 2017/06/19
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    A natural gas fueled 1kW PEFC cogeneration system has been developed to demonstrate a PEFC system for residential use by Sanyo in late 1999. It is comprised of three packages that are a power source unit, a hot water storage tank unit including a water treatment device, and an inverter unit for utility grid interconnection. The power source unit has a fuel processor, a fuel cell module and a controller. This system achieved an electric efficiency of 28% HHV, a heat recovery efficiency of 25% HHV producing hot water and full-automatic operation using microprocessors.
  • 池田 隆, 真野 敦
    原稿種別: 本文
    p. 209-212
    発行日: 2000/10/30
    公開日: 2017/06/19
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    The authors propose Cheng heat-cycle system combined with a backpressure steam turbine for small-scaled distributed co-generation electric power supply. The heat-cycle characteristics compared with other heatcycle systems and conceptual design of the turbine devices are investigated here. This cycle has higher efficiency than regenerative gas turbine cycle, and simpler system structure than conventional combined cycle containing a condensing steam turbine. It is considered as one of promising small-scaled distributed co-generation electric power supply systems, which require high efficiency and low cost.
  • 藤井 昭一, 金子 憲一, 辻川 吉春
    原稿種別: 本文
    p. 213-216
    発行日: 2000/10/30
    公開日: 2017/06/19
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    Inverted gas turbines work and generate shaft force power by the principle that hot exhaust gas expands through turbine, then cools off and drafts by compression. It is possible that steam turbines currently used in the combined cycle may be replaced by the inverted gas turbines with higher thermal efficiency. Micro turbines can be made by this method to improve difficulty of heat exchanger exposed in high temperature gas. The possibility of applications of the present principle will cover fuel cells, furnaces and gasification plant of liquid natural gas.
  • 石原 寿和, 向山 洋, 桑原 修, 江原 俊行, 井崎 博和, 須齋 嵩, 水谷 圭一
    原稿種別: 本文
    p. 217-220
    発行日: 2000/10/30
    公開日: 2017/06/19
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    We have been developing a residential heat pump water heater using CO2 as a working fluid. This heat pump system showed high COP when hot water supply temperature was about 90℃ under several kinds of outdoor temperature and humidity conditions. In this paper, we described basic composition and the specifications of the CO2 heat pump water heater system, test results and evaluation of its performance based on TEWI value.
  • 大橋 幸夫, 平田 東彦, 小川 斗, 川本 浩一, 中垣 隆雄
    原稿種別: 本文
    p. 221-224
    発行日: 2000/10/30
    公開日: 2017/06/19
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    In a chemical recuperative gas turbine, the exhaust heat from the gas turbine is used to make steam and to convert natural gas to a hydrogen-rich fuel. CH_4+H_2O→3H_2+CO-204kJ/mol : Endothermic Reaction The enhancement of the heating value per the supplied fuel due to convert the exhaust heat into chemical energy results in the enhancement of electrical output with the same fuel supply as a simple cycle gas turbine. This paper shows the results of the low temperature steam reforming of methane and the performance investigation of the chemical recuperative gas turbine.
  • 中島 伸也, 楠 剛, 小田野 直光, 落合 政昭
    原稿種別: 本文
    p. 225-228
    発行日: 2000/10/30
    公開日: 2017/06/19
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    In next century, a great deal of energy is used for pablic life in this coutry. This paper describes two new very small reactors for thermal heat supply to pulic use, such as air-conditioning and hot water. These reactor are characterized by the high safety, the long life fuel and the excellent cost performance. The reactor is an integrated and natural circulated PWR with passive safety systems. The reactor is designed with simple structure and enough isolation efficiency to be installed in the deep underground or settled on the base floor of a office building in a large city.
  • 押部 敏弘, 栗山 博美, 藤井 澄夫, 山口 高司, 田畑 広明, 田渕 浩三
    原稿種別: 本文
    p. 229-233
    発行日: 2000/10/30
    公開日: 2017/06/19
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    The concept of the next generation PWR, which is expected to come after the APWR and is named the APWR+, is being studied, considering that the light water reactors are seemed to be dominant also in the 21st century. The APWR+is designed to have the features of four-train safety systems, divergent emergency electrical sources, and passive core cooling system using steam generators at early stage of the Loss of Coolant Accident. The basic concept has been made, and more detailed investigation is scheduled in near future.
  • 小杉山 真一, 福田 俊彦, 川村 慎一, 守屋 公三明, 村瀬 道雄, 日置 秀明, 高 史彦, Larry E. Fennern
    原稿種別: 本文
    p. 234-239
    発行日: 2000/10/30
    公開日: 2017/06/19
    会議録・要旨集 フリー
    ABWR-II has been studied as a next generation reactor with future perspectives on energy security, global environmental protection and liberalization of electricity business in Japan. In aim to commence plant operation in the late 2010s, a preliminary concept design of ABWR-II has been developed. The design developed so far are as follows : higher level of safety and reliability by adopting passive systems and design considering severe accidents, improvement in economy by up-rating the power to 1700MWe, by rationalizing components, reducing the amount of materials, and improvement in operability and maintenability by implementing on-line maintenance.
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