In this study comparative results of thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) of hardwoods (e. g. nara, kashi and buna) and conifers (hinoki and sugi) have been stated. According to the differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis curve, a distinct two stage reactions occur for hardwoods. The differences in pyrolysis characteristics of above two types of wood have also been illuminated. The yield of charcoal from conifer is higher than that from hardwoods. The ignition characteristics of hardwoods are close to the binchoutan. The electrical resistance of charcoal reduces to almost zero at and over 900℃. Finally an attempt is taken to produce charcoal from the compressed mixed wood (wood chips, 60% + dead leaves, 40%). The charcoal yield from mixed wood is higher than that of original wood chips. Wood chips and dead leaves may be used efficiently for charcoal production.

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A Laser opto-microactuator is proposed in this paper. The effects of the thermal-conductivity of actuator materials on rotational phenomena are discussed. The actuator with four flat blades made of aluminum or Pyrex glass plate was installed in a vacuum chamber. By molecular gas dynamics effects, the actuator is rotated with the irradiation of argon ion laser beam. The blade surfaces of the actuator were coated by carbon black powder and heating the surfaces. Just after irradiating one blade surface of the actuator by the laser, the macroscopic gas flow is induces around the actuator at non-zero Knudsen number. By the reaction of the induced flow the actuator can rotate. This is the molecular gas dynamics effects. The rotational rate of the actuator with Pyrex glass blades is faster than that of the actuator with aluminum blades. Because Pyrex glass has about 200times or more of lower thermal-conductivity than that of the aluminum, then Pyrex glass blades maintain a lager temperature difference between front and rear surfaces and a large molecular gas dynamics effects. Also irradiating to the glass surface, Pyrex glass rotor can rotate counter-clockwise of irradiating to carbon-coated surface.

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This paper presents effective utilization of micro hydropower energy in the case of the Purple River at Kitakyushu city. From the point of view of environmental protection, the various development and community activities on clean energy in worldwide are carried out. In clean energy systems, water turbine especially for micro hydropower is necessary for effective utilization of nearby energy resource. In this paper, considering the environmental consciousness, the possibility of power generation using the river energy to keep the natural environment is discussed by investigation of dam construction and river wall as well as flow rate. And also, the water turbine suitable for Purple River in Kitakyushu city proposed.

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In order to introduce wind turbine generator system (WTGS), an assessment of the wind energy resources is inevitable. While the use of WTGS expands over the world, complex terrain has become important as the site proposed for a WTGS. In those region contribution of local effects on the wind energy resources is quite large and intensity of wind turbulence, which brings about complicated aerodynamics loads on the wind turbine, is much larger than that over the flat terrain. This paper presents the measurement results of wind flow over mountainous terrain located in Tappi Wind Park, in order to evaluate the influence of the mountainous terrain on the atmospheric boundary layer flow.

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When the large scale wind power site is built, it can't get the expected amount of power generation in many case with an influence of the wind turbine wake by the arrangement of the wind turbine. Then, the wind model which can calculate the wind which took the influence of wake into consideration in complex terrain was developed. Wake formation is modeled by the momentum theory, and included into the k-ε model, and the decrement of the velocity of the wind is found. As a result of calculating the influence of wake at Tomamae Winvilla Wind park by using this model, in the part of wake, About 10%-20% of the velocity of the wind decreased.

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Wind turbines, which are installed under the natural wind conditions, suffer complicated fluctuation of aerodynamic loads on the rotor blades due to the turbulent wind. The turbulence of the wind should be taken into account in design process of the wind turbines. In the present paper a numerical method of calculating the effects of turbulence on the aerodynamic loads is described, and the calculated results are shown. For the input to the aerodynamic load analysis, the turbulent wind field is simulated by using veers' model. This model is based on a Fourier synthesis method and capable of considering spatial cross-correlations between any two points in the rotor plane, where the turbulent wind is generated. For the calculation of aerodynamic loads on the rotor blades an inviscid aerodynamic model based on the asymptotic acceleration potential method is adopted.

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The performance of wind turbine is greatly affected by aerofoil performance, so that it is important subject for developing a new exclusive wind turbine blade to elucidate an aerodynamic characteristic on rotating blade. This report describes two experimental test : (i) Comparison of field test and wind tunnel test about pressure distribution on blade surface. (ii) Visualization at suction surface of measurement section of test blade. In this report, cross flow is focused on analysis of flow behavior, which is an element of unsteady flow and affects the blade performance. From obtained results, we considered relation between pressure distribution and cross flow.

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Vortex method has been developed as an engineering tool for simulations of viscous incompressible flow. However, some improvements especially for the way of introduction of vortex element created on the wall are required for accurate simulation. In this paper, a method for introducing vortices on the body surface is proposed from analogy of physical basis. The method is applied to flows around a two-dimensional cylinder impulsively started and the results are discussed.

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