The present investigations were undertaken in order to elucidate the effects of K₁ on the uterine motility, and the interrelationship between K₁ and ovarian hormones.
The results were as follows:
1) One, 10, 100 or 1000γ of K₁ per kg body-weight was intravenously injected to the rabbit with fistula. Immediately after the injection, the slight promotion of uterine motility is seen in case of 1, 10 or 100γy, while the inhibition after transient promotion is found in 1 mg.
But in each dose, promotion is shown at the 24th hour after the injection.
2) In case of the subcutaneous injection of 1.3 or 5 mg/kg of K₁ that is repeated once a day, the promotion of uterine motility is exhibited gradually along with the increase in number of injection time, until the inhibition is seen gradually along with its further increase.
3) The uterine motility is promoted by the use of K₁ and estrogen at the same time.
It seems that K1 has a synergistic action to estrogen.
4) In case K₁ and progesterone are used at the same time, the recovery from inhibition of uterine motility by progesterone is seen along with the increase in number of injection time.
An antagonistic action of K₁ against progesterone is suggested.
5) The sensitivity of oxytocin for uteine motility of the rabbit to which K₁ was given lowers unrelatedly with its promotion of K₁.

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The authors investigated previously the smooth muscle of stomach at different portions, studying on gastric electro-myogram, tonus against intraluminal pressure, electrical muscular sensibility and anatomical structure of gastric muscles in dogs. Also in human stomach, the observations were made on the electro-myogram and the correlation between the anatomical structure and the location of gastric ulcer.
The results were:
1) The difference in motilities according to the difference of portions, particularly between antrum and body has been evidenced.
2) Both gastric peristalsis and tonus are considered to be governed chiefly by the circular muscle. Therefore, the difference in motilities, peristalsis and tonus, should be produced by the difference of structure and development according to gastric portions.
3) A strain produced by the difference in motility between active antrum and less active body may be one of the important factors contributing to the development of gastric ulcers on or near the border line of gastric mucosa.

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Mode of peristaltic propagation following intestinal anastomosis was observed by recording the action potentials from rabbit's intestine.
In the postoperative course after the intestinal resection and end-to-end anastomosis, the anastomosed intestine was excised and survived by modified Trendelenburg's method. The action potentials were recorded by means of 4 single electrodes attached to the intestinal wall and connected to the E. E. G. amplifier (time constant 0.05 sec).
Corresponding to the peristaltic propagation in the non-anastomosed intestine, the spike bursts were recorded at regular interval one after another. The period of rhythmical appearance of spike bursts was 4-6 sec, number of spikes in each group 3-6, duration 0.8-1.1 sec, amplitude of spikes 188-352 μV.
Seven days after anastomosis, the intervals of spike bursts were variable at each electrode and no coincidence was seen between the spike bursts recorded from the anastomosed two parts.
During about one month after anastomosis, the spike potentials above the anastomosis-line were greater than those of below the line.
After two months, almost all spike bursts propagated from the oral part to the anal across the line of anastomosis in a similar fashion observed on the normal intestine, without conduction-blocking, and at this stage it is expected that the effective transport of content may take place.

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Studies were made of effects of hypogastric nerve stimulation on the electrical activity of guinea-pig seminal vesicle with extracellular silver microelectrodes in situ. Furthermore, the effects of several autonomic agents were also investigated. Junction potentials with facilitation were observed during repetitive stimulation of the hypogastric nerve, which were affected by intravenous administration of reserpine, bretylium tosylate, guanethidine, hexamethonium and pentolinium. On the other hand, atropine and α-blocking agents had no detectable effects. Intravenous administration of noradrenaline leads to periodic bursts of spike discharges accompanied with the contraction of seminal vesicle. The results suggested that seminal vesicle of guinea-pig may be innervated by hypogastric nerve such fashion as was deferens.

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Rabitts were used in these experiments. The spike potentials of the duodenum and choledocho-duodenal junction, the pressure in the common bile duct and the discharge of bile into the duodenum were recorded simultaneously in vivo.
In the duodenum and the choledocho-duodenal junction, the rate of the rhythmic burst of spike potentials was 12-16 cycles/min.
Similar results were obtained in both regions by the administrations of acetylcholine, prostigmine, bethanechol chloride, pilocarpine, atropine, adrenaline, morphine, cholecystokinin, secretin and amyl-nitrite. Thus, the action of the choledocho-duodenal junction is not independent of that of the duodenum.
The pressure in the common bile duct rises simultaneously with the appearance of the spike potentials of the choledocho-duodenal junction.
The discharge of bile into the duodenum was prevented by the muscle contraction of the choledocho-duodenal junction, when the bursts of spike potentials appeared. Bile was discharged into the duodenum by relaxation of the choledochoduodenal junction. When the pressure in the common bile duct was kept constant at about 80mm H₂O, the discharge of bile into the duodenum was increased by the administration of C. C. K. during the resting intervals of the remarkable bursts of spike potentials.

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Still the mechanism of labor is unknown, though Reynolds, Hoff-Bayer and Csapo have some opinions.
From the fact that tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is specific to pregnancy, and that Serotonin, a metabolite of tryptophan, has contracting effect to the uterus, it is considered that certain relationship exists between the mechanism of labor and tryptophan. metabolism.
The author found that tyrptophan metabolism has some relationship with the mechanism of labor from the results that urinary output of 5-Hydroxyindols has its peak during delivery, and that on paper-chromatogram some indols spots appears during pregnancy and delivery.
The author has studied uterine contraction by the drugs concerning tyrptophan-serotonin metabolism. Uterine contraction is intensified by MAO inhibitor, vitamin B₆ and Reserpine, and inhibited by decarboxylase inhibitor and desoxypyridoxin.
The author also gets favorable results clinically in using vitamin B₆ during labor and is trying to find out how tryptophan-serotonin metabolism effects the mechanism of labor.

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The muscle layers of human stomach in 51 cases of stomach specimens were studied after stripping the mucosa. Specimens included 5 cases of totally resected and 46 of partially resected specimens. All specimens have no gross pathological finding on the gastric portion.
1. Oblique muscle: The oblique muscle was divided into two groups. The first group originates from circular muscle of the esophagus and distributes over the gastric corpus. And the second group distributes over only the fundus and is independent to circular muscle of esophagus.
The oblique muscle of gastric corpus runs down on anterior and posterior gastric walls and pararell to the lesser curvature, forming a cleft between anterior and posterior bundle, to the end of the gastric corpus.
The cleft seems to be corresponded to so-called “Magen-strasse”.
2. Border between corpus and antrum: The first group, the muscle bundle which runs most closely to the lesser curvature and down to the most distance become mixed into the circular muscle bundle there. Therefore, the author named this most inner oblique muscle “the longest oblique muscle.” In the pyrolic side from the circular muscle bundle, no oblique muscle can be seen. So, the author divided corpus and antrum by this circular muscle bundle, and named this circular muscle bundle “the border circular muscle bundle”.
3. Circular muscle: The circular muscle was divided into two groups. The one was mixed with oblique muscle bundle on the part near greater curvature and distributes over gastric corpus. The other distributes over the antrum without mixture of oblique muscle. Circular muscle was absent over fundus.

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Materials were 28 gastric ulcer specimens which were resected surgically. The location of gastric ulcer on the muscle layers and the influence of gastric ulcer on the gastric muscle were studied after stripping the mucosa.
1. Location of gastric ulcer.
All ulcers were located on cleft or on its edge, and 82% of them were located on or just proximal to “the border circular muscle bundle” In the total 28 specimens, gastric ulcers were absent on the antral circular muscle.
2. Influence of gastric ulcer on gastric muscle.
The circular muscle around the ulcer showed concentration toward the ulcer, especially when the ulcer was located just on “the border circular muscle”, but less concentrated when the ulcer was located distantly from “the border circular muscle”.
Oblique muscle seems to prevent the circular muscle from being concentrated.

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The physiology of motility of the esophago-cardiac junction, pathophysiological changes of this area due to various esophageal diseases and their clinical applications were studied by our new method of obtaining electric internal pressure curve and several interesting findings were obtained. These examinations were carried out on 91 clicnial cases (including several controls).
(1) Order of food passage through the normal esophago-cardiac junction is usually controlled and carried out mainly by pressure of the esophagocardiac junction at rest, positive pressure of the esophagus, and negative and positive waves of the gastric cardia which arise simultaneously.
(2) Failure in presence of this negative pressure at the gastric cardia, is noted in all 17 cases of achalasia patients. By various values of the internal pressure at rest, this disease could be divided into two groups; the flaccid type (type A) and accelerated type (type B).
(3) As to the surgical indications, cardioplasty type of surgery for group A, and esophago-gastrostomy type for group B, are better suited and effective.
(4) Very specific inconsistent internal pressure was obtained in 8 out of 9 clinical patients with carcinoma of the gastric cardia. These specific curves were divided into three groups; the serrated type, step ladder type and canopy type.
We have concluded therefore that this method has a certain advantage in utilizing diagnostic measure for various esophageal diseases.

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