Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1883-2849
Print ISSN : 0287-3516
ISSN-L : 0287-3516
Volume 38, Issue 4
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
  • Yaeko IZAKI, Mitsuru UCHIYAMA
    1985 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 241-258
    Published: August 10, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We investigated the details of the food list for the study of dietary intakes of chemical substances in Japan.
    1) The food list was fundamentally based on the National Survey of Nutrition and was completed with other data such as the Family Income and Expenditure Survey and the Statistical Yearbook of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, and so on.
    2) To correct the seasonal deflection in the National Survey of Nutrition data, we calculated the “Seasonal correction factor” with the monthly data of the Family Income and Expenditure Survey, and established “Corrected food consumption. ”
    3) If subdivision of the food categories were necessary, we broke it down into several food items according to the proportion of their production data in the framework of “Corrected food consumption. ”
    This food list may be applicable to the assessment for the dietary intakes of naturally occurring dietary constituents as well as chemical contaminants and food additives.
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  • Yaeko INOUE, Mayumi MORINO, Junko KAWADA, Miwako FUKUKAWA, Youko SAITO ...
    1985 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 259-264
    Published: August 10, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Relatianship of Na, K and Na/K ratio estimated from dietary records with those determined by 24 hours urine samples was investigated in eight female students between the age of 21 and 22 years old attending the dietician course of Kagawa Nutrition College. Collection of 24 hours urine was undertaken for a week in both March and April, 1983.
    All the subjects kept their own dietary records for 10 days, beginning on 3 days prior to urine collection.
    The results obtained were as follows;
    1) Individual coefficient of variance (standard deviation/mean value) in creatinine excretion in 24 hours urine samples during a week ranged from 4.2 to 27.8 per cent.
    2) The mean value of Na estimated from dietary records was very close to that found in the 24 hours urine samples. The correlation coefficient of Na between the two methods on the same day was 0.44 (p<0.001).
    3) The mean value of K estimated from dietary records was significantly higher than that found in the 24 hours urine samples. The correlation coefficient of K between the two methods on the same day was 0.32 (p<0.01).
    4) The mean value of Na/K ratio estimated from dietary records was significantly lower than that found in the 24 hours urine samples.
    The correlation coeffiient of Na/K ratio between the two methods on the same day was 0.42 (p<0.001).
    5) Among all subjects, the figures of correlation coefficients of Na, K and Na/K ratio were higher in those whose coefficient of variance in creatinine excretion in 24 hours urine samples were less than 15 per cent.
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  • Sumiko NAGAYAMA, Sachie IKEGAMI, Morio SAITO, Satoshi INNAMI
    1985 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 265-272
    Published: August 10, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The experiments were performed to clarify the effects of combination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and p, p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) on the hepatic vitamin A storage, lipid peroxide formation and cytochrome P-450 induction. Weanling male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain aged 3 weeks were used in this study.
    1. When the animals fed on the diet containing 0.01% or 0.025% level of PCB for 10 days, an enlargement of liver, marked reduction of vitamin A storage, increase of lipid peroxide formation and induction of cytochrome P-450 in the liver were observed. The growth of rats on 0.025% PCB was not significantly different from the control.
    2. When the rats fed on the diets containing DDT at various levels from 0 to 0.03%, no growth retardation was observed at all. At the levels of DDT over 0.02%, vitamin A content in the liver was significantly decreased.
    3. When the diets contained 0.025% PCB and 0.01% DDT, there was no suppression of the animal growth as compared with that on PCB alone, but further enlargement of the liver was noted in the combination of these compounds.
    4. The combination of PCB and DDT did not have an effect of significant reduction in the hepotic and serum vitamin A content as compared with the result of single PCB administration.
    5. An increase in peroxide formation in the liver was less in the rats fed on the combination of both compounds than those fed either on PCB or DDT alone.
    6. Cytochrome P-450 in hepatic microsome was also increased by either single or combined administration. The combination effect was not additive.
    7. The hepatomegaly, the reduced vitamin A storage, and the increased content of cytochrome P-450 induced by the combined PCB and DDT dose were not completely prevented by an excess administration of either methionine, vitamin E or both. Vitamin E administration restored the hepatic lipid peroxide content to normal, whereas methionine showed no effect.
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  • Sumiko NAGAYAMA, Sachie IKEGAMI, Morio SAITO, Satoshi INNAMI
    1985 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 273-278
    Published: August 10, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effects of quality (soybean oil and lard) and quantity (5% and 25%) of fat in the diets on the reduced vitamin A content and increased lipid peroxide formation and cytochrome P-450 induction in the liver were examined with young rats given 0.025% polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and 0.01% p, p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT).
    The results obtained after 10 days of the treatment were compared with the controls. 1. The combined PCB and DDT dose markedly suppressed the growth of rats given the diet containing 25% soybean oil.
    2. The reduced vitamin A content in the liver induced by the combined administration of PCB and DDT was not affected by the quality and quantity of dietary fat.
    3. Hepatic lipid peroxide formation by the combinatian of PCB and DDT was greater in the group of 25% soybean oil than those in other groups. The result suggests that the enhancement of lipid peraxidation may play a role in the growth retardation. The vitamin E contents in the liver of the 25% fat groups were low as compared to the 5% fat graups, and glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver was significantly lowered by the combined administration of PCB and DDT.
    4. An extent of induction of cytochrome P-450 in microsome of the liver by PCB and DDT varied by the quality and quantity of dietary fat. Especially, the induction in the soybean oil groups was higher than those in the lard groups.
    5. These results suggest that toxic effects of the combined administration of PCB and DDT are affected by the conditions of the dietary fats.
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  • Munehiro YOSHIDA, Ichiro HARA
    1985 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 279-283
    Published: August 10, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effects of dietary methionine on hepatic glutathione synthesis and lipid peroxidation in rats injected with chlorobenzene were investigated. After being fed for 4 weeks on a 10% casein-based diet (basal diet) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.3% DL-methionine, rats were intraperitoneally injected with chlorobenzene at a level of 0, 0.2, 0.5, or 2.0mmol/kg body weight. In the rats fed the basal diet, a mortality of four-sixths was brought within 48 hours by the 2.0mmol/kg of chlorobenzene, and TBA value, an index of lipid peroxidation, was significantly increased by the 0.5mmol/kg of chlorobenzene. Supplementation with methionine to the basal diet made all the rats survive, and caused a lowered TBA value and a significant increase of liver wet weight in the rats in jected with the 0.5 or 2.0mmol/kg of chlorobenzene. while a significantly higher hepatic glutathione synthesis activity was observed, hepatic total glutathione level was significantly lower in the rats fed the basal diet. Chlorobenzene-induced increases in the glutathione level and its synthesis activity were observed 48 hours after the injection in the rats fed the methionine-supplemented diet but not in the rats fed the basal diet. These results indicate that chlorobenzene exposure may cause a critical impairment due to lipid peraxidation in rats fed a diet marginal in sulfur-containing amino acids.
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  • Setsuko KAWANO, Seiki HORI
    1985 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 285-290
    Published: August 10, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Five weeks old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKy) were fed with CE-2 food and three kinds of drink ad libitum for 14 weeks. The SHR and WKy were each divided into two groups according to kind of drink, water (W group) and 1% saline solution (S group). In addition to the above four groups, another group of SHR was given 0.5% NaCl and 0.5% KCI solution (K group) for the purpose of studying the effects of potassium on blood pressure and urinary kallikrein excretian.
    Results obtained were as follows; In both SHR and WKy, the mean value of blood pressure for the S group was higher than that for the W group. However, the ratio of rise in blood pressure in the S group to that in the W group was considerably greater in SHR than in WKy. In SHR, the elevated blood pressure for the K group was lower than that for the S group. fihus, this experiment indicated that the hypertensive effect of salt was greater in SHR than in WKy. In the SHR, drinking volume was much greater in the S group than in the W group. These results suggest that the SHR showed stronger salt appetite and thirst than the WKy when 1% saline solution was provided. A strong appetite for salt could be one of the factors elevating blood pressure by increasing extracellular fluid. In both strains, blood pressure became higher and urinary kallikrein excretion increased as the rats grew. However, excretion af urinary kallikrein was not so increased in SHR as expected in view of their high blood pressure. Since urinary kallikrein has diuretic and natriuretic effects in addition to a hypotensive effect, disturbance of urinary kallikrein excretion in SHR may be one of the causes which raise blood pressure in SHR.
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  • Keiichi KURODA, Yoshiki KOBATAKE, Mika KUBOTA, Eiichi NISHIDE, Satoshi ...
    1985 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 291-299
    Published: August 10, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Two kinds of test oils were given to male young Sprague-Dawley rats by two different administration methods, examining the effects on the concentration of serum and liver lipids. Two test oils used in the experiments were ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrates which were 66% ethyl-eicosapentaenoate (EPAconc) and 76% ethyl-docosahexaenoate concentrate (DHAconc). These oils were administered to rats for 2 weeks.
    The two administration methods, the free access of an experimental diet containing 3% test oil (dietary method) and the infusion by stomach tube of test oil corresponding to 3% of a basal diet previously received (stomach tube method), were compared. Control graups in both methods were administered 5% olive oil by each method.
    When rats were administered EPAconc by the dietary method, serum triglyceride levels were significantly depressed than that of DHAconc or linoleate, but total cholesterol levels in the liver and heart were less depressed. On the other hand the dietary administration of DHAconc showed little effect on serum triglyceride levels. The administration of EPAconc or DHAconc by the stomach tube method was generally similar to those of the effects by the dietary administration of the test oil, although the effects of EPAconc on serum triglyceride levels were emphasized by stomach tube methad. Serum phospholipid levels were lowered by the administration of EPAconc and DHAconc by both methods. Lipid peroxide values (TBA value) in the serum and liver of rats fed with the diet containing EPAconc increased, but it did not change by the stomach tube method. DHAconc administration by both methods showed marked elevation of serum and liver lipid peroxide levels. These results indicated that the effects of both methods resembled each other in general.
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  • Goro KAJIMOTO, Hiromi YOSHIDA, Akira SHIBAHARA
    1985 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 301-307
    Published: August 10, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Refined vegetable oils (soybean, corn, high oleic safflower and olive oils), tocopherol (Toc) -free and Toc-rich soybean oils were heated in a glass tube for AOM test at 180°C for 10 to 25 hours, respectively, and oxidative stability of these oils with or without Toc after heating was investigated successively by both weighing method and oven test. The oxidative stabilities of the oils were decreased heating, as the result of Toc degradation. However, the oxidative stabilities were increased by the addition of Toc to the heated oils. The oxidative stabilities of olive oil and high oleic safflower oil were especially increased by the addition, whereas those of soybean oil and corn oil were not. The stability of Toc-free soybean oil was markedly low. When olive oils was heated at 180°C for 10 and 17 hours, the residual ratio of Toc was higher in the presence of phosphoric acid and lecithin than in the absence of them. Consequeatly, the oxidative stability of the oil was considerably improved with the additions.
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  • A Test Using Pancreatic Function Diagnostant (PFD)
    Akira KIHARA, Toshiko YAMADA, Hideko MASAMI, Hiroko NARITA, Takayo AZU ...
    1985 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 309-312
    Published: August 10, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Pancreatic exocrine function was investigated using PFD (Pancreatic Function Diagnostant) test in 162 patients with massive alcohol intake. The results obtained were as follows:
    (1) Significantly lower PFD values were observed in those patients with massive alcohol intake than in normal controls. Abnormally low PFD values below 70.0% were noticed in 81 (50.0%) out of an overall 162 patients.
    (2) No significant differences in PFD values were obtained among the patients who were classified into 3 categories according to age or duration of alcohol intake.
    (3) Only 25 (15.4%) patients indicated low bady weight below 89.9% of ideal body weight. PFD values in those patients tended to be lower than in other 2 groups.
    In conclusion, it was assumed that massive alcohol intake inhibited pancreatic exocrine function using PFD test.
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  • Hiromu KANEMATSU, Kenji CHIMI, Toshiaki USHIKUSA, Isao NIIYA, Tadao FU ...
    1985 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 313-317
    Published: August 10, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of emulsifiers on the incorporation of tocopherols to the rat tissues. As Experiment I, two groups of vitamin E deficient rats were forcedly administered roughly equal mixture of α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol with or without monoglyceride (MG) p. o., and after the treatment, tocopherols in small intestine and liver of these rats were temporally analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Experiment II was made by analyzing tocopherols in small intestine at 7 hours and in liver at 10 hours after the same treatment, except using soya lecithin (LE), sorbitan tristearate (SO) or a lipophilic sucrose fatty acid ester (SU) instead of MG.
    1) Results of Experimeent I suggested that the addition of MG increased the uptake of each tocopherol to liver, but did not show increase of it in small intestine. The peak level of each tocopherol was generally attained at 7 hours for small intestine and at 10 hours for liver after the treatment.
    2) In Experiment II, the uptake of each tocopherol to small intestine was significantly decreased by the addition of LE, but its decrease was not observed by addition of SO or SU. The addition of those emulsifiers seemed to increase the uptake of tocopherols to liver.
    3) Examined distribution of each tocopherol in the liver at 10 hours after the treatment showed that the above effect of each emulsifier seemed to be higher by the order of MG>SU>SO≅ LE.
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  • (1-MTHBC) in Alcoholic Beverages
    Minoru HIGASHIMOTO, Kagenori MATANO
    1985 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 317-322
    Published: August 10, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    It has been shown that sake and other alcoholic beverages contain a small amount of 1-methyl1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-β-carboline (1-MTHBC), which may enhance the mutagenic activities of many compounds. In this study, we examined a method of 1-MTHBC determination in alcoholic drinks by gas chromatograph equipped with flame thermionic detector (GC-FTD) and measured it in various kinds of alcoholic beverages. Prior to GC analysis, 1-MTHBC was extracted into isoamyl alcohol in toluene followed by acylation with pentafluoropropionic anhydride, The concentration of 1-MTHBC ranging from 3.4 to 49.8 ppb was observed in 23 of 24 brands of beer tested with one exception of which the content was considerably high (127 ppb). The 1-MTHBC levels in other 73 alcoholic beverages including many kinds of wine, sake, liqueur and others were also relatively low and remained less than 40.4 ppb in most cases. All of the distilled liquors (whisky, brandy and shochu) contained the 1-MTHBC less than the detection limits in this method (0.1 ppb). It is concluded that this GC method for 1-MTHBC is sensitive enough to measure the contents in the alcoholic beverages.
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  • Kazue FUJISAWA, Masataka YOSHNO
    1985 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 322-326
    Published: August 10, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Accumulation of IMP, one of the important taste substances, is accompanied by the decrease in adenine nucleotides in muscles at the stage of rigor mortis. Muscle ATP is dephosphorylated to ADP and further to AMP, which can be converted to IMP by the action of AMP deaminase. In this paper the distribution of AMP deaminase, which acts as a regulatory enzyme in the adenylate degradation to form IMP, was examined and the levels of AMP deaminase activity was compared to those of adenosine deaminase activity. Possible pathways of adenylate degradation are discussed in various vertebrate and invertebrate muscles.
    A remarkably higher activity of AMP deaminase and a marked lower activity of adenosine deaminase were observed in muscles of a variety of vertebrates. In contrast to vertebrates, cephalopods in invertebrates showed a marked higher adenosine deaminase activity with lower activity of AMP deaminase. Negligible deaminating activity toward AMP and adenosine was observed in the muscles of some invertebrates including crustaceans, gastropods and bivalves.
    A close correlation of the IMP content with flavor has been demonstrated in vertebrate meats, and the higher enzymatic activity of AMP deamination will contribute to the IMP content of vertebrates. However, lower activity of AMP deaminase will not contribute to the IMP content of invertebrate muscles. Little or no degradation of adenine nucleotides and nucleosides in crustaceans, gastropods and bivalves was in accord with the stable pool of adenylates during storage of these muscles. Higher activity of adenosine deaminase with a lower AMP deaminase activity suggests that adenine nucleotides degrade via the dephosphorylation followed by deamination.
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