Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1883-2849
Print ISSN : 0287-3516
ISSN-L : 0287-3516
Volume 46, Issue 5
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
  • Nobuko IRITANI
    1993 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 379-386
    Published: 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The limiting step of fat synthesis is fatty acid synthesis, in which the lipogenic enzymes (acetylCoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, ATP-citrate lyase, malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) are involved. The recent advances made in the study of regulation of lipogenic enzyme gene expression in rat liver are summarized here, with reference to our results. Aspects covered by this review are : 1) time courses of changes in the gene expression after feeding a high-carbohydrate diet; 2) effects of diet quantity on gene expression; 3) effects of dietary nutrients on gene expression; 4) effects of insulin, triiodothyronine and fructose on gene expression.
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  • Ayumi TODA, Noriko TSUKAHARA, Ikuko EZAWA
    1993 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 387-394
    Published: 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of eating habit and physical activity on bone mineral density (BMD) were investigated in 654 (age: 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 years) pre- and postmenopausal women. We measured lumbar spine BMD using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), assessed physical parameters such as height, weight and body fat, and nutrient intake from 3-day dietary records, and collected additional information from questionnaires. The following results were obtained. 1) BMD decreased with advancing age, declining markedly just after menopause. However, all age groups had a high BMD level compared with the standard BMD for healthy Japanese women. 2) BMD was correlated significantly with both weight and BMI. 3) Calcium intake was below the recommended dietary allowance for all ages, but increased with age. 4) Subjects who exercised regularly had significantly higher BMD than those who did not. 5) Those who were highly aware of their diet and physical activity had high BMD, and this awareness increased with age. Based on these results, high dietary and exercise awareness appear to be important for preventing osteoporosis.
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  • Hideki OZAWA, Toshio KOBAYASHI, Hiroya SAKANE, Shinko IMAFUKU, Yoshika ...
    1993 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 395-399
    Published: 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We studied the effects of dietary fiber polydextrose feeding on plasma lipids and changes in diurnal plasma sugar, insulin and blood pressure levels. Seventeen patients were entered into the study. Polydextrose (15g/day) was given to the subjects for 4 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) and lowdextrose (15g/day) was given to the subjects for 4 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were reduced by 6% by polydextrose, but these changes were not significant. Plasma apo (protein) B concentrations were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Polydextrose did not affect the diurnal changes in plasma sugar levels, but significantly decreased the level of plasma insulin at 2h after dinner (p<0.02) and at midnight (p<0.05), respectively. In mildly hypertensive patients, the systolic blood pressure between 12: 00 and 18: 00h and the diastolic blood pressure between 18: 00 and 24: 00h were significantly decreased, respectively (p<0.05, p<0.05). Urinary Na/K excretion ratio was slightly increased by polydextrose. The effects of polydextrose on blood pressure seemed to be related to the decrease in plasma insulin levels.
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  • Chizuru KINOSHITA, Yuzo HIROI, Tatsuzo OKA, Yasuo NATORI, Misako TANIG ...
    1993 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 401-407
    Published: 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effect of a low-sulphur-containing diet on the hepatic level of lysosomal arylsulfatase activity was studied in weanling rats. Weanling rats fed on a 10% soybean-protein-isolate diet, which has a low sulphur amino acid content (cystine and methionine, 1.3g and 1.4g/kg diet, respectively) about 75% that of a 10% casein diet, showed 2.0-fold increased hepatic lysosomal arylsulfatase activity (total combined activities of arylsulfatases A and B) at 3 weeks and 2.8-fold at 5 weeks, compared with those of rats maintained on an ordinary laboratory chow diet. Weanling rats fed on the casein diet showed a 1.6-fold increased in the total combined activities of arylsulfatases A and B at 5 weeks, compared with those of rats fed on the laboratory chow diet. These increases were suppressed by addition of cystine or methionine to the soybean-protein-isolate diet. On the other hand, liver lysosomal arylamidase activities were not altered significantly by either diet. Therefore, the elevated lysosomal arylsulfatase activities in liver of rats fed on the soybean-protein-isolate diet might be attributable to insufficiency of sulphur-containing amino acids in the diet. The elevation of arylsulfatase activities was not due to changes in arylsulfatase-specific mRNA, as revealed by Northern blot and slot-blot hybridization analysis, since the changes in mRNA content were only marginal. We conclude that induction of lysosomal arylsulfatase activity by a soybean-protein-isolate diet is brought about by an increase in the amount of translation of arylsulfatase mRNA.
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  • Tomoko HASHIGUCHI, Michiko INAI, Michiko OHKUBO
    1993 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 409-415
    Published: 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A protease inhibitor (PEPI) was isolated and purified from the juice of the passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sim) by DEAE-Sephacel and trypsin-Sepharose 4B column chromatography. The molecular weight of PEPI was found to be 25 kDa by gel filtration. PEPI exhibited a single band in native and SDSPAGE gels under non-reducing conditions. Under reducing conditions in SDS-PAGE gel, PEPI exhibited three protein bands with estimated molecular weights of 25, 22, 18 kDa, respectively. The three protein bands were stained with PAS reagent. PEPI inhibited trypsin and chymotrypsin activities, but did not inhibit papain activity. The trypsin-inhibitory activity of PEPI was heat-stable, retaining 50% of the original activity even after exposure to 100°C for 10 min. The trypsin-inhibitory activity of PEPI was stable over a pH range of 2-12.
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  • Hiroshi OGAWA, Kazunori SUEZAWA, Tadamichi MEGURO, Sukenari SASAGAWA
    1993 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 417-423
    Published: 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effect of garlic powder on lipid metabolism was studied using stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) as an animal model. The animals (5 weeks old) were fed a standard diet containing garlic powder (1% for 3 weeks and 3% for an additional 3 weeks). The effects of garlic powder administration were as follows. 1) The increase in blood pressure was significantly prevented. 2) The content of apoE in the LDL and HDL fractions tended to increase, although changes in the levels of lipid and apolipoproteins in the serum were not observed. This suggests an increase in apoEHDL, which plays an important role in reverse cholesterol transport. 3) Cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase activity increased significantly, while acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity tended to decrease. These results indicate that garlic powder may exert some beneficial effect on lipoprotein metabolism and could be effective for preventing hyperlipidemia.
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  • Akira KAWAKAMI, Hiroshi KAYAHARA
    1993 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 425-428
    Published: 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Leucyl-lysyl-tyrosine (LKY) has been found to be a potent angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Through the measurement of ACE inhibitory activity using LKY analogues, the interaction between tripeptides and the active site of ACE was considered. The most preferential sequence of LKY-like-tripeptides was suggested to be: X1-X2-X3: X1/Leu>Ile, Val>Phe>Ala: X2/Lys, Arg>Ala>Orn, Thr, etc.: X3/Trp, Pro>Tyr>Phe. Furthermore, a series of new LKY-like tripeptides exhibiting potent ACE-inhibitory activities were newly synthesized: LKF (7.1), IKY (9.7), IRP (4.5), VKY (7.2), VKP (2.6) and LKY-OC2H5 (12.1) (I50 μmol/l). These tripeptide's sequences are informative for clarifying the types of materials that can be obtained for functional foods having antihypertensive activity by enzymatic hydrolysis of natural proteins.
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  • Tetsuhiro KIMURA, Keiko TAKAHASHI, Keisuke TSUJI, Keiko TAKAHASHI
    1993 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 429-433
    Published: 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of alginic acid on fecal excretion of sodium in humans were studied. The concentration of fecally excreted Na appear to increase in proportion to the concentration of fecally excreted alginic acid, and the rate of Na excretion relative to the excretion of alginic acid was constant. However, the concentrations of fecally excreted minerals, K, Ca and Mg, were not related to that of fecally excreted alginic acid. The proportions of three types of blocks, homopolymeric blocks of mannuronic acid (M blocks) and of guluronic acid (G blocks), and heteropolymeric blocks of each sequence (MG blocks) in the alginic acid were transformed. These results indicated that the proportion of M and MG blocks decreased in comparison with the amount of alginic acid fed. Three kinds of intestinal bacteria were isolated from the human feces. They degraded alginic acid almost completely in vitro, although this result was not consistent with that observed in vivo.
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  • Noboru MORIYAMA, Hui-min WU, Sachiko WATANABE
    1993 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 434-437
    Published: 1993
    Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The selenium content of 26 meals taken by three female adults living in Maki town, Niigata Prefecture, was determined by hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The selenium content of the samples was 23.8±9.9 μg, and the daily dietary intake was estimated to be 68.7±21.8μg (mean±SD). There was a significant correlation between selenium and animal protein content (r=0.668, p<0.001). Rice was not a major source of selenium.
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