Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1883-2849
Print ISSN : 0287-3516
ISSN-L : 0287-3516
Volume 50, Issue 4
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
  • Taro KISHIDA, Shigeru SAEKI, Shuhachi KIRIYAMA
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 251-260
    Published: August 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We examined whether dietary addition (5%) of demineralized wheat bran (DWB), demineralized onion fiber (DOF) and powdered polystyrene foam (PSF) interferes with iron bioavailability by comparison of hemoglobin (Hb) regeneration rates in anemic rats which had been maintained on an iron-deficient diet for 3 weeks. Concurrent addition of DOF, DWB or PSF (90-fold degree of foaming) to a basal diet containing 20 ppm Fe (II) from ferrous sulfate significantly improved the regeneration rate of Hb, although these supplements had little or no effect on Hb regeneration when supplied together with Fe (III) from ferric sulfate. A balance study revealed that addition of DOF or PSF improved the apparent absorption of Fe (II) but not that of Fe (III).
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  • Yuzo HIROI, Tatsuzo OKA, Misako TANIGUCHI
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 261-265
    Published: August 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effect of a low soybean protein isolate (SPI) diet on hepatic γ-glutamyltransferase (γGT) activity was studied in weanling rats. Weanling Wistar rats fed a 10% SPI diet, which has a low tnethionine content (about 50% that of a 10% casein diet, 1.4g/kg diet), showed about a five-fold increase in hepatic γGT activity at 3 weeks, compared with that of rats maintained on a 10% casein diet. This increase was suppressed by addition of methionine to the SPI diet, but not altered by addition of cystine. Thus, the elevation of γGT activity in the liver of rats fed the SPI diet might be attributable to insufficiency of methionine in the diet. The increase of γGT was explainable by changes in γGT-speeific mRNA, as revealed by Northern blot and dot-blot hybridization analyses, since the γGT mRNA level increased to almost the same extent as the level of activity. These results suggest that the increase of γGT activity induced by the SPI diet Was brought abaut by an increase in the amount of γGT mRNA.
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  • Shoko ONOMI, Tetsuyuki KATAYAMA
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 267-272
    Published: August 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Sucrose-fed rats exhibited enhanced hepatic concentrations of total lipids, triglyceride and cholesterol, and enhanced activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, EC 1.1.1.49) and malic enzyme (ME, EC 1.1.1.40) in comparison with corn starch-fed rats. These increases due to sucrose feeding were significantly depressed by dietary myo-inositol and phytate. On the other hand, orotic acid-fed rats exhibited enhanced hepatic concentrations of total lipids, triglyceride and cholesterol, and reduced hepatic activities of G6PD and ME. These animals also showed low serum concentrations of triglyceride, cholesterol and phospholipid and depressed growth and food efficiency in comparison with the controls. The depressions of growth and food efficiency that had been caused by orotic acid intake were ameliorated by dietary myo-inositol, although dietary phytate had no significant influence. However, neither dietary myo-inositol nor phytate ameliorated the fatty liver caused by orotic acid intake. In the present study, serum concentrations of lipids were not significantly influenced by dietary myo-inositol and phytate. These results suggest that dietary myo-inositol and phytate might both protect against the accumulation of hepatic lipids derived from enhanced hepatic lipogenesis.
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  • Kensuke FUKUI, Gorou KUWATA, Masatake IMAI
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 273-278
    Published: August 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effects of phytate removal from soybean protein on mineral (Ca, Mg and Zn) absorption were examined. Growing male Wistar rats were fed a 20% protein diet containing phytate-free soybean protein (PFS), soybean protein isolate (SPI) or casein for 10 days. The total phosphorus (P) content of the diet was adjusted to 0.59% by adding inorganic phosphate (P1). Almost all of the P in the PFS diet was exogenously added P1, and therefore further adjustment of the dietary P1 level was also done by adding 0.59% P1 to the SPI and casein diets (designated SPI-I and Casein-I respectively). The results obtained were as follows: 1) Ca absorption in rats fed the PFS diet was only 1% higher than that in rats fed the SPI and SPI-1 diets. 2) On the other hand, Mg and Zn absorption in rats fed the PFS diet was 5-10% higher than that in rats fed the SPI and SPI-I diets. 3) Mineral (Ca, Mg and Zn) absorption in rats fed the SPI and SPI-1 diets was the same as that in rats fed the casein and Casein-I diets. These results suggest that phytate removal from soybean protein improves the absorption of Mg and Zn in rats fed SPI or casein.
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  • Hiroaki NAGASAWA, Kiyohito SATO, Ayako KANAZAWA, Kenshiro FUJIMOTO, Ts ...
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 279-285
    Published: August 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of dietary oils containing a considerable amount of n-3 fatty acid, i. e., perilla oil and fish oil, on ulcerative colitis were compared with those of corn oil in rats. Male 6-week-old SD rats were intracolonically administered trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) dissolved in 50% ethanol after a oneweek feeding period. The rats were fed the experimental diets for one additional week and then decapitated. The severity of ulcerative colitis induced by TNBS was assessed according to the method of Morris et al. The average damage score was higher in the group fed perilla oil than in that fed corn oil. Both the level of arachidonic acid in phospholipid, and leukotriene B4 production by neutrophils were lower in the perilla oiland fish oil-fed groups than in the corn oil-fed group. However, an anti-inflammatory effect of n-3 fatty acids was not observed. Furthermore, the damage score was increased by administration of indomethacin in the fish oil-fed group. These results suggest that the production of arachidonic acid metabolites via the cyclooxygenase pathway, rather than through depression of leukotriene B4, is essential for protection of the colonic mucosa.
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  • Toshihiko ASANO, Kazuhiro YUASA, Yasumi YOSHIMURA, Seishi TAKENAWA, Hi ...
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 287-294
    Published: August 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Glucanic acids exist in the form of free acid (GA), anhydride (glucono-δ-lactone: GDL), gluconate salts such as sodium salt (GNA), potassium salt (GK), or calcium salt (GCA). Digestions of various gluconic acids were measured in vitro using human saliva, artificial gastric juice, porcine pancreatin and rat intestinal mucosa. Gluconic acid was stable in these digestive juices, regardless of its form. In an absorption test in situ using ligated loops of rat small intestine, residual gluconic acid in the loops was measured at 30min after injection at a dose of 50mg/kg. While 100% of the gluconate salts remained in the loop, the residual rates of GDL and GA were 45% and 86% respectively. Changes in plasma gluconic acid levels after oral administration of various gluconic acids at a dose of 500mg/kg were investigated in rats. Plasma contents 30min after for administratian of glucanates were only 1.7-2.2μg/ml, whereas those for GDL and GA were 91μg/ ml and 38μg/ml, respectively. In germ-free rats, the residual rates in the digestive tract at 8h after oral administration of GDL, GA and GCA at a dose of 50mg/kg were 25%, 68% and 90%, respectively.
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  • Mariko OGUSHI, Rokuro HARADA
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 295-301
    Published: August 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Young flying fish, a special delicacy of Nagasaki, are (A) salted and dried as palatable food or (B) grilled and dried for making a savory soup stock. To evaluate the changes induced by processing and to identify the predominant extractable components in the two products, we analyzed extracts derived from A, B, and the raw fish. The results were as follows: (1) Except for His and Tau, free and bound amino acids were increased markedly and inosinic acid was considerably decreased as a result of extensive sun-drying in A. Conversely, in B, free amino acids were decreased and bound amino acids were hardly changed, whereas inosinic acid was markedly increased as a result of grilling. (2) Compared with the extract of the dried grilled fish, that of the dried salted fish contained far greater amounts of palatable amino acids such as Glu, Asp, Ala, Lys, Arg, and His. In contrast, the dried grilled fish was extremely rich in inosinic acid as compared with the other components.
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  • Yasuko KATO, Mie SHIRAKI, Yoko WATANABE
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 303-309
    Published: August 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Ovomucoid (OM) is one of the major egg allergens. To optimize the conditions for OM removal, egg white separated from shelled eggs was heated for 0-15 min in water, varying the temperature and NaCl concentration. OM-free egg white was obtained by boiling homogenized egg white, diluted 10 times with 0.8% NaCl solution, for 15 min. Residual OM in the coagulated egg white was scarcely detected by SDS-PAGE and competitive ELISA using rabbit anti-OM IgG or human IgE from a patient allergenic to OM. Reconstitution of OM-free egg was performed by addition of egg yolk to the OM-free coagulated egg white after straining. Egg dishes, omelet, egg tofu, pudding and cookies, were then made with OM-free egg. Their hardness and sensory attributes were compared with control egg dishes. Pudding and cookies prepared from the OM-free egg were stiffer, whereas omelet and egg tofu were softer than the control foods. Sensory evaluation demonstrated that the OM-free egg dishes were similar to the control egg dishes, except for egg tofu.
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  • Toshiaki WATANABE
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 311-315
    Published: August 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To elucidate the effects of zinc deficiency on male reproduction, we examined sperm viability and morphology in young maturing mice maintained on a zinc-deficient diet (<0.5ppm). Male mice were killed after 6 weeks of feeding. The number of sperm from the cauda epididymides was determined by a standard hematocytometric procedure, and live and dead sperm were differentiated by vital staining with eosin-aniline blue. For morphological evaluation, sperm smears were stained with eosin Y. In the zinc-deficient group, the number of epididymal sperm per testis was reduced (25.7×106/g vs. 51.6×106/g) and the percentage of live sperm was low (41.5%vs. 54.5%). There was a positive correlation between sperm viability and body weight gain during the 6-week experimental period. In addition, the incidence of sperm abnormalities was high, ranging from 13.0% to 44.0% in the zinc-deficient mice, whereas in the control group it ranged from only 5.4% to 22.8%. The most commonly occurring abnormalities were in the sperm head and midpiece region of the tail. These findings suggest that zinc per se is essential for late spermatogenesis in mice.
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  • [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 316-320
    Published: August 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 4 Pages 321-323
    Published: August 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: February 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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