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Volume 64 (2011)
- Issue 6 Pages 367-
- Issue 5 Pages 291-
- Issue 4 Pages 207-
- Issue 3 Pages 127-
- Issue 2 Pages 83-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
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Volume 64, Issue 5
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Reviews
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Shiro Tanaka2011 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 291-295
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: December 30, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSResearchers engaged in studies involving human subjects are morally obligated to observe the Declaration of Helsinki Ethical Guidelines for Clinical Research and Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research. The important role of these guidelines is to maximize the well-being of individual human subjects and to ensure that the results are of benefit to society. This paper overviews three important issues in the guidelines: (1) the need for any research protocol to observe minimum ethical requirements, (2) the need for researchers to report relevant financial relationships to the conflict-of-interest committee, and for the research protocol to be reviewed by the committee in accordance with the conflict-of-interest policy or rules of their institution, and (3) the need for any clinical trial to be registered in a publicly accessible database before recruitment of the first subject.View full abstractDownload PDF (756K) -
(Young Investigator Award of JSNFS (2011))Jun Inoue2011 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 297-303
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: December 30, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn humans, cholesterol is derived from two main sources: diet and de novo synthesis in the liver. Cholesterol homeostasis is tightly regulated at the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels, and its disruption increases the risk of arteriosclerotic disease. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) regulate a wide variety of genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis, and function as the main regulator of cholesterol homeostasis. In the present study, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms controlling the activities of SREBPs and identified several novel mechanisms. This review focuses on the latest developments in our understanding of SREBP regulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1020K)
Original Papers
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Mayum Ishida, Hiroyuki Tezuka, Tomomi Hasegawa, Lili Cao, Toshifumi Im ...2011 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 305-311
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: December 30, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExcessive intake of salt contributes to an increase in blood pressure, and is considered to be a cause of stroke and cardiovascular disease. In recent years, a low-salt diet has been prescribed to prevent these illnesses. However, this leads to a reduction in the taste of hospital meals, and meal refusal by inpatients has become a problem. To counteract this situation, we created low-salt dishes using monomagnesium di-l-glutamate (MDG) as a non-sodium seasoning. The glutamate is well known for its umami taste, one of five basic tastes. We performed a sensory evaluation to compare the taste of normal dishes, low-salt dishes and MDG-containing low-salt dishes. The results showed that normal low-salt dishes had a significantly reduced taste, whereas low-salt dishes containing low-salt seasoning had remarkably improved palatability, saltiness and overall taste intensity. We therefore considered that low-salt seasoning with MDG as an umami compound is an effective way of reducing sodium intake while maintaining the palatability of cooked food.View full abstractDownload PDF (880K) -
Association of Dietary Vitamin ContentEri Imai, Mitsue Sano, Tsutomu Fukuwatari, Katsumi Shibata2011 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 313-321
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: December 30, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe B-group of vitamins, including vitamins B1, B2, and B6, are involved in the catabolic metabolism of tryptophan. We investigated the effects of dietary vitamin content (low, moderate and sufficient) on the catabolism of tryptophan in both diabetic and healthy rats. We found that tryptophan catabolism was not affected by differences in dietary vitamin content in both diabetic and healthy rats. However, the tryptophan-nicotinamide conversion ratio was one-third lower in diabetic rats than in healthy rats. In addition, nicotinamide catabolism differed between diabetic and healthy rats. N1-methylnicotinamide, a nicotinamide catabolite, accumulated in diabetic rats, but not in normal rats, possibly contributing to the increase in free nicotinamide. It seems likely that this increase in the level of nicotinamide inhibited the activities of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase and histone deacetylase. These results suggest that administration of nicotinamide might offer some effects, and warrants further investigation.View full abstractDownload PDF (657K)
Research Note
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Yasushi Hayashi, Saki Sogabe, Yukio Hattori2011 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 323-327
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: December 30, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough numerous studies have focused on the stress-reducing effects of coffee drinking, few reports have addressed the beneficial effects of coffee volatiles. To clarify the relationship between volatile compounds in roasted coffee beans and psychological stress, this study investigated the stress-reducing potential of coffee volatiles using several behavioral pharmacology methods in mice. In the elevated plus-maze test, exposure to coffee volatiles increased the time spent and the numbers of entries into the open arms without spontaneous ambulation activity. In addition, pentobarbital-induced sleep time was prolonged. No significant effects were detected in the open-field and forced swim tests. These results suggest that the volatile compounds in roasted coffee beans lower the levels of arousal and exert anti-anxiety-like, stress-reducing effects in mice.View full abstractDownload PDF (637K)
Research Data
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Katsumi Shibata, Ai Sakazaki, Mitsue Sano, Tsutomu Fukuwatari2011 Volume 64 Issue 5 Pages 329-334
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: December 30, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEnergy metabolism is facilitated by exposure to cold because of thermogenesis. However, it is unclear how a low temperature environment affects vitamin B1 requirements. Therefore, in this study, we examined how the requirement for vitamin B1 in rats is increased upon exposure to cold. Rats housed for 14 days at 4ºC showed a 1.1-fold increase in food intake and a 0.6-fold decrease of body weight gain. Hence, the cold environment increased energy expenditure 1.7-fold. Furthermore, these rats had larger brown adipose tissue depots, while urinary excretion of vitamin B1 was decreased 0.5-fold. These results suggest that the requirement for vitamin B1 was increased by cold exposure. We then examined the effects of feeding cold-exposed rats a diet containing the minimum level of vitamin B1, in terms of changes in body weight, in comparison with rats fed a diet containing a sufficient level of vitamin B1. Urinary excretion of vitamin B1 was lower in rats housed for 14 days at 4ºC than at 22ºC. However, no marked changes in body weight were observed. These results indicate that exposure to a low-temperature environment increases energy metabolism, and that the requirement for vitamin B1 also increases.View full abstractDownload PDF (653K)
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