Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi
Online ISSN : 1883-2849
Print ISSN : 0287-3516
ISSN-L : 0287-3516
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Volume 68, Issue 6
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Reviews
  • Clarification of Novel Functions of Micronutrients
    (JSNFS Award for Excellence in Research (2014))
    Michio Komai
    2015 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 259-264
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: December 18, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.68.259
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    1) Clarification of the role of dietary zinc in taste function and appetite stimulation. We have proved that carbonic anhydrase is essential not only for carbonation reception in the mouth, but also for basic taste reception. Also, through neurophysiological experiments involving rats, we have investigated the role of the dietary zinc signal in regulation of food intake. Moreover, we have shown that carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an essential key zinc enzyme for maintenance of normal taste function. We found that dietary zinc elicits an orexigenic signal, which may originate from the periphery (gastro-intestine) and is conveyed to the brain via vagus nerve signal transduction. 2) Clarification of novel functions of vitamin K: anti-inflammatory and testosterone biosynthesis activities. We have reported that menaquinone-4 (MK-4 = vitamin K2) is unique in being synthesized through conversion of orally ingested VK1 or menadione (VK3) in the major tissues of rats and mice. Using the DNA microarray technique in the liver and testis of mice and rats fed a vitamin K-deficient diet, we have also discovered new functions of MK-4 in these animals. One of these functions is an anti-inflammatory action, and the other is a steroidogenic effect in the testis through up-regulation of Cyp11a via cAMP activation. We have clarified the detailed mechanisms of these physiological actions of MK-4.
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  • Molecular Nutrition Study of Biomembrane Fatty Acid Regulation According to Nutritional Status
    (Young Investigator Award of JSFNS (2015))
    Ikuyo Ichi
    2015 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 265-269
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: December 18, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.68.265
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The diversity of fatty acids in biomembranes is extensive enough to alter membrane fluidity and may affect both the localization of membrane proteins and the cellular functions. In this study, we examined the regulation of biomembrane fatty acids according to nutritional status in terms of fatty acid deficiency or excess. In mammals, Mead acid (C20:3n-9) is synthesized from oleic acid when essential fatty acids are deficient. Using siRNA-mediated knockdown of fatty acid desaturases and elongases, we revealed the genes and pathways involved in Mead acid synthesis in cultured cells, and in another study we examined the fatty acid compositions of phospholipids in the lipid droplet (LD) monolayer during differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The levels of saturated fatty acids in the LD monolayer decreased, whereas the levels of unsaturated fatty increased, during differentiation. These results suggest that the phospholipid monolayer in mature LDs is more fluid than that in nascent LDs. These data provide evidence that the biophysical properties of the phospholipid monolayer in LDs change during adipocyte differentiation.
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Original Paper
  • Effects of Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone) on Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Rats Fed a High-fat Diet
    Mayu Haraikawa, Rieko Tanabe, Natsuko Sogabe, Asako Yamada, Masae Gose ...
    2015 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 271-277
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: December 18, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.68.271
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This study investigated the effects of vitamin K2 (menaquinone) on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in rats fed a high-fat diet. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks old) were divided into four groups: those fed a basic control diet (C) , those fed menaquinone-4 (MK-4) added to a control diet (K) (MK-4:600 mg/kg diet) , those fed a high-fat diet (F) , and those fed a high-fat diet with MK-4 (FK) (MK-4:600 mg/kg diet) . At 83 days after starting the experimental diet, ALP-specific activity in the duodenum was increased significantly in the FK group compared with that in the F group, and the ALP-specific activity in the duodenum of the K group was increased significantly compared with that in the C group. Furthermore, at 83 days after the beginning of the experimental diet, the ALP-specific activity in the femur was increased significantly in the FK group compared with that in the F group, and the ALP-specific activity in the femur was increased significantly in the K group compared with that in the C group. These results demonstrate that addition of vitamin K2 to a high-fat diet significantly increases ALP-specific activity in both the intestine and bone.
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