New Testament Studies

No.49 Contents

2021 Volume 49 Pages 3-6
Published: 2021
Released on J-STAGE: August 12, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24758/jsnts.49.0_3

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“Anachronistic or Plausible?”: On the Application of Modern Literary Methods to an Interpretation of the Gospel of John

Hisayasu Ito

2021 Volume 49 Pages 7-28
Published: 2021
Released on J-STAGE: August 12, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24758/jsnts.49.0_7

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The purpose of this study is to show that analysis methods based on modern literary and linguistic theories can also produce valid research results in analyzing ancient ironies. As an example, a re-examination of the major Johannine irony expressed in John 1:11 will be conducted. The reason for this is that some scholars argue against the use of modern methods when reading ancient texts to avoid anachronism and argue that it is preferable to use the methods used in antiquity as they were. However, none of the ways in which modern scholars analyze the ancient texts can fully avoid the possibilities of anachronistic elements inherent in them. This is because they themselves live in the present day and their methods will inevitably be utilized through their lenses. The most important point should be whether or not researchers can produce valid and plausible results, regardless of which method they employ.

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Ohne Gott: Textkritik und Christologie von Hebr 2,9

Daichi Okawa

2021 Volume 49 Pages 29-51
Published: 2021
Released on J-STAGE: August 12, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24758/jsnts.49.0_29

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Hebr 2,9, wo vom Kreuzestod Jesu die Rede ist, liegt ein altherbekanntes textkritisches Problem vor. Hat nämlich Jesus den Tod geschmeckt „durch Gottes Gnade“ oder „ohne Gott“? Die meinsten wichtigen Handschriften bezeugen die erste Lesart χάριτι θεοῦ. Wenn man aber die Zeugnisse der Kirchenväter beachtet, kommt man zu einem anderen Ergebnis. Denn die zweite, auch schwierigere Lesart χωρὶς θεοῦ muss von sehr früh an verbreitet gewesen sein. Die letzte Lesart ist nicht nur textkritisch wahrscheinlicher, sondern sie hat auch einen guten Sinn im Rahmen der Christologie von Erniedrigung und Erhöhung, die für Hebr charakteristisch ist. Zum Moment der Erniedrigung gehören die Aussagen wie: Jesus sei den Menschen gleichgeworden, um Hohenpriester zu werden (2,14.17); im großen Schrei und mit Tränen flehte er Gott eine Errettung aus dem kommenden Kreuzestod an (5,7); er musste aber schließlich “außerhalb des Tores” (13,12) das Todesleiden auf sich hinnehmen. Zum Moment der Erhöhung gehört vor allem: Jesus sei jetzt in den Himmel erhöht worden und als Hohepriester vor dem Angesicht Gottes erschien (9,24). Nach der Auffassung des Briefautors ist also nicht bloß einer, der in den Himmel hinauf erhöht wurde und jetzt zur Rechte Gottes sitzt, sondern gerade jener Jesus, der das Todesleiden „ohne Gott“ erlitten hat, ist als solcher, der die Menschen zu erlösen fähig ist, der Hohepriester.

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Self-Proclaimed Jews in Rev. 2:9 and 3:9

Masanobu Endo

2021 Volume 49 Pages 53-69
Published: 2021
Released on J-STAGE: August 12, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24758/jsnts.49.0_53

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This paper pursues the real image of the “self-proclaimed Jews” that appear six times in the Letters to the Seven Churches (Rev. chs. 2-3). Because the Pauline Epistles also refer to those who claim to be Jewish (e.g., Rom 2:17), some scholars have pointed out its relevance. In that case, the issue was the matter of the law. However, given the religious affairs of Asia Minor in the first century AD, it is doubtful that the controversy over the law could have driven Christians into prison and martyrdom. If the issue lies in understanding the law, it would be overkill for them to be ridiculed as ‘Satan’s rally.’ This paper pursues the image of ‘self-proclaimed Jews’ envisioned by the text’s internal author (Rev. chs. 2-3). We try to find an image of the group that can explain the following questions: 　1) why they attacked local Christians, 　2) why they were ridiculed as ‘Satan’s rally,’ 　3) why they must be punished at the end time, 　4) why they had to insist on being the Jews. Regarding self-proclaimed Jews, some think of Gentiles who behaved like Jews, and　some scholars consider them real Jews. As for the latter, some assume orthodox Jews who value the norms of the law, while others envision the image of Jews who compromise on pagan societies. This paper attempts a new proposal for an image of the Jewish group that persecuted Christians for other reasons.

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Review: Takaaki Haraguchi, The Words to the Diaspora Communities: a Philological Study of the Pauline Letter

Kota Tachibana

2021 Volume 49 Pages 71-75
Published: 2021
Released on J-STAGE: August 12, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24758/jsnts.49.0_71

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Review: Akira Satake, 2. Corinthians chaps. 10‒13

Kenzo Tanaka

2021 Volume 49 Pages 76-80
Published: 2021
Released on J-STAGE: August 12, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24758/jsnts.49.0_76

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Review: Nozomi Miura, First, Second, and Third John (NTJ Commentary Series)

Yoshimi Azuma

2021 Volume 49 Pages 81-85
Published: 2021
Released on J-STAGE: August 12, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24758/jsnts.49.0_81

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Review: Takashi Onuki, A Japanese Translation of Hippolytus, Refutatio Omnium Haeresium

Kenji Doi

2021 Volume 49 Pages 86-90
Published: 2021
Released on J-STAGE: August 12, 2021

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24758/jsnts.49.0_86

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