Public sector reform in the 1980s is called New Public Management (NPM) and said to move on to the second generation of reform by the 21 century. It is called 'Post-NPM', 'Governance', 'New Public Governance (NPG) and so on. Public sector reform in New Zealand since 1980s corresponds to this international trend. Reform under the Lange and Bolger administrations from 1984 to 1999 corresponds to NPM and reform under the Clark administration from 1999 to 2008 corresponds to the second generation of reform. In 2008 the Key National government won the election and has been carrying out public sector reform. Is reform under the Key administration continuation of reform under the Clark administration, or moving on to the third generation of reform, or going back to NPM? In order to answer these questions, this paper examines 3 examples of reform under the Key administration, namely, reorganization of departments, capping the number of public servants and setting Government's medium-term objectives. The conclusion is that reform under the Key administration is not always continuation of reform under the Clark administration and supports the necessity of the empirical approach to the study of public sector reform.

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New Zealand is ranked first in World Rugby and is the leading rugby country in the world. More than 130,000 people play from a 4.4 million population. The New Zealand Rugby Union has implemented the Scoreboard System for management which brings about transparency and greater accountability, and which provides accurate information about all levels of the rugby game. This system fundamentally gives power back to the rugby grassroots. This paper explains the Scoreboard System and discusses it. This system can provide four main advantages: 1 .Accountability, 2. Responsibility, 3.Efficiency, and 4.Governance. I also apply this system to Japan Rugby.

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New Zealand is known for its active role in receiving refugees. I visited the Mangere Refugee Resettlement Centre, which is located in the Greater Auckland area, in September 2014. Annually, 750 quota refugees are admitted for permanent residence in six different time groups. They are picked up from overseas refugee camps by New Zealand immigration officials, with the assistance of the UNHCR. The refugees are airlifted to New Zealand at the government's expense. These newcomers all spend a six-week-long training and preparation period together at this centre to get ready for a new life in their adopted country. The welcoming ceremony for a new cohort going through sessions from September to October was held when I visited there. Traditional greetings (hongi) were exchanged in the maori style between the hosting staff members and the newly arrived refugees. They pressed their noses and foreheads to one refugee after another. This symbolical performance transformed distant foreign relationships into warm fellowships. Refugees learn English, as well as social customs and various things of New Zealand. After the temporary life in Mangere, they are sent out to six main geographic centres around New Zealand for permanent settlement. The Refugee Status Branch and the Country Research Branch are located in the city centre. The former determines inland-made claims for refugees or protected persons under international conventions and legislation. The latter supplies the decision-makers with updated country of origin information on the political, economic, social, cultural, and human right situations.

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The article aims at considering some historical legal issues about whaling that have risen by the decision of Whale Case in ICJ in 2014. In this case, what was the problem is the international legality of the Japanese government whaling in the Southern Ocean. Through the historical aspects of Japan and New Zealand for "whaling," the domestic and international laws should be interpreted for protecting whales as natural resources.

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