The plaque control record (PCR) has been widely used for evaluating the cleansing state of teeth. After plaque staining, the stained tooth surfaces are examined by a dentist, and an assistant manually records the results. To create electronic dental records, the handwritten data must then be input into a computer. The assistant sometimes inputs the data concurrently with the oral examination by the dentist. However, the input of the PCR into the computer is time-consuming. Therefore, we developed a system in which the utterances made by the dentist examining the oral cavity are collected by a microphone, and the PCR is converted to text using speech recognition software and directly input into a computer.
The tooth numbers were defined as ichiban to hachiban, and the stained tooth surfaces were expressed as numbers. The tooth numbers and stained tooth surface numbers were input into one cell of Excel from the maxillary right most posterior tooth. Twenty cases with various PCRs were produced. Verbal input was performed five times for each case, and the input time was measured. In addition, the input recognition error rate was evaluated.
As a result, the mean input time was 137 seconds, and the input recognition error rate was 0.06%.
The direct verbal input of PCR may also be clinically useful.

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Synovial chondromatosis is a disease with cartilaginous metaplasia of the connective tissue in the synovial membrane, but reports of synovial chondromatosis in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are rare. Many reports of synovial chondromatosis in the region include images of calcification in the radiological imaging examination. However, it is difficult to diagnose the disease state in the case of an image without calcification. In this paper, we report that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) were useful for diagnosing synovial chondromatosis without calcification in radiological images. A 35-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a slight preauricular swelling in the left TMJ region. The calcification image was not found in the region by orthopantography and computed tomography. The MRI revealed a low T1 signal and high T2 signal. The FNAC revealed that it was not chondrosarcoma or synovial sarcoma, but was highly suspicious of chondromatosis. When the left upper articular cavity was opened, there were many cartilaginous loose bodies, and so resection of all these bodies and synovectomy were performed under a diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis. Histological examination of the loose bodies demonstrated synovial chondromatosis. There has been no recurrence for 19 months after surgery.

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We report a case of an asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that was confirmed by preoperative examination for general anesthesia. A 60-year-old man was referred to our department owing to an irritating tongue pain. Under the clinical diagnosis of leukoplakia of the tongue, preoperative examination for general anesthesia, including the screening test, revealed positivity for HIV. Subsequent confirmatory test results showed positivity for the HIV antibody on the Western blot analysis and a number of HIV-1 RNA copies in the plasma. Thus, a final diagnosis of HIV infection was made. As the number of asymptomatic HIV-infected patients increases, dentists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons may receive several opportunities to incidentally examine these patients. Therefore, they should understand the latest and accurate procedures for diagnosing HIV infections.

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We experienced a case of refracture during implant treatment after open reduction of mandibular fracture followed by distraction osteogenesis. A male in his thirties who had a craniofacial fracture and fracture in the symphyseal region of the mandible was treated with osteosynthesis plates by a neurosurgeon, plastic surgeon and oral and maxillofacial surgeon. One year after the initial surgery, alveolar augmentation by distraction osteogenesis was performed to compensate for the loss of alveolar bone and mucosa at the anterior region of the mandible. Two implants were inserted 3 months later but one failed to integrate 3 months after insertion and the reason for disintegration was unknown. Six months after insertion, panoramic radiograph showed a fracture of the mini-plate, which was reinforced to prevent fracture of the mandible during distraction osteogenesis. Computed tomography (CT) imaging was performed to access the mandible after two consecutive failures of implant insertions and revealed a fracture adjacent to the implants. The cause of failure was therefore identified to be the micromovement caused by mandibular fracture. Osteosynthesis of the refracture region was performed with successful implants inserted thereafter. Inadequate monitoring of the cause of failure may prolong the treatment period and lead to unsuccessful implant insertion.

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A 55-year-old male with myelodysplastic syndrome had been treated at the Hematology Department at our hospital. Swelling of the left cheek developed in the patient, which led to his referral to our department. Since blisters and distinct dark red plaques were noted on the right forearm as well as the lower limbs, a dermatological examination was requested. Biopsy of the skin rash was performed; the biopsy result and clinical course led to the diagnosis of cheek phlegmon associated with Sweet's disease. We provided treatment for the infection and Sweet's disease. The patient received transfusions of peripheral stem cells. He has had a good outcome for 3 years and 6 months.

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Despite the considerable amount of literature on the positioning of ectopic impacted third molars, few reports have described cases of distal movement in the jawbone. In the present study, we describe our experience in treating a patient whose impacted lower third molar migrated over a 12-year period from the distal region of the second molar to a position inferior to the coronoid process.
The patient was a 37-year-old man who first visited our facility in April 2012 with a chief complaint of right facial swelling and pain. Radiography revealed complete inverse impaction of the lower right third molar into a position inferior to the coronoid process, with a cyst-like radiolucent area including the crown spreading to the distal region of the lower right second molar.
A radiograph from 12 years earlier showed that the lower right third molar was horizontally impacted distal to the lower right second molar. We therefore concluded that this lower right third molar had migrated apically over a 12-year period due to being displaced by the coronal lesion. Histopathological assessment indicated that the lesion was a dentigerous cyst. It is now 1 year since we performed the surgery and the patient has made good progress without any relapse to date.

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The Japanese show protein S deficiency more frequently than other congenital causes of thrombosis. Protein S deficiency is considered the highest risk factor for venous thromboembolism in Japanese patients. Because any trauma, surgery, or infection can cause thrombosis in patients with protein S deficiency, careful oral surgical treatment is essential. Conversely, with few reports of oral surgical treatment for this disorder, many issues remain unclear. We successfully extracted an impacted mandibular third molar in a young patient with this disorder and a history of deep venous thrombosis. The patient was hospitalized for the extraction, and the procedure was performed with consideration of hemostasis and prevention of thrombosis relapse.

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Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common salivary gland tumor. It frequently develops in the parotid and palatine glands, but rarely in the sublingual gland. This paper reports a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the sublingual gland in a 72-year-old woman who visited our clinic with the chief complaint of a mass in the right mouth floor. A well-defined, elastic hard mass was identified in the region. MR image findings did not detect the right normal sublingual gland. Based on the clinical diagnosis of sublingual gland tumor, the tumor was resected under general anesthesia and was histopathologically diagnosed as a pleomorphic adenoma. There has been no sign of recurrence for 3 years after the surgery.

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We report a case of an impacted mandibular second premolar in the ramus of the mandible.
The patient was a female in her thirties who visited the hospital with the main complaint of mandibular pericoronitis. An imaging test revealed that the patient had a horizontally impacted wisdom tooth on the lower left jaw, and an impacted tooth on the distal side thereto. In addition, the second premolar on the same side of the mandible was missing. Under general anesthesia, the horizontally impacted wisdom tooth and the impacted tooth on the distal side were extracted, and an anatomical search on the impacted tooth was conducted. As a result of macroscopic analysis of the occlusal form and the shape of the crown and the root, as well as microfocus CT analysis of the pulp form, the impacted tooth was found to closely resemble the second premolar of the mandible. From the observation that the second premolar on the lower jaw was not in the usual position, and that the impacted tooth closely resembled the second premolar of the mandible, the impacted tooth observed in the mandibular ramus was thought to be the second premolar of the mandible.

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Paralysis of the hypoglossal nerve is known as a condition often observed with extracranial lesions (e.g. surgical and accidental trauma, extracranial tumors, and cervical inflammation), and intracranial diseases (e.g. cerebrovascular conditions, demyelinating diseases and brain inflammation). It is rather rare for this condition to occur idiopathically. Hypoglossal nerve is often involved in combination with the glossopharyngeal, vagal, and accessory nerves; it is unusual for the paralysis to be observed in the hypoglossal nerve alone. We experienced a case of a 65-year-old female, who presented with a main complaint of a sore tongue without being able to thrust it straight. Other than the lingual deviation, she also complained of swallowing and dysarthria. There was nothing notable in the medical history. No abnormal findings were obtained from the clinical examination and the imaging study, and it was believed that this was a case of paralysis of the hypoglossal nerve developed idiopathically, and of unknown origin. Prednisolone 15mg, vitamin B12 formulation, and vitamin E formulation were administered by a neurosurgeon; one week after the initiation of the pharmacotherapy, the movement dysfunction of the tongue improved. Until now, 6 months after the cessation of the prescription, there has been no recurrence.

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