Drug information services by pharmacists was started when the drug information center at the Kentucky University Hospital in the United States was established in 1962. In Japan, although many such programs have been proposed, their systemization has yet to be carried out, and especially in the field of dentistry, an organized drug information system is still a long way from being an accomplished fact.
In this study, we evaluated the merits of the“Year Book of Dentistry”as a drug information source for dentistry. Forty-four of these books have been issued since 1936, and they are recognized as a valuable source of information for both clinical practice and educational use.

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The therapeutic effects of 2- [4- (2-thiazolyloxy) phenyl] propionic acid (156-S) were compared with those of indomethacin (IND) in patients with pain after surgical removal of impacted teeth.
One hundred sixty patients were randomly divided into 2 groups : group I received 300 mg of 156-S and group II received 25 mg of IND, all orally and at the onset of pain.
The clinical effects of each drug were statistically analysed in 130 (63 of group I and 67 of group II) of 160 patients, and the following results were obtained:
1) The analgesic effect appeared in a significantly shorter time in group I than in group II.
2) The analgesic effect one hour after the administration of the drugs was significantly greater in group I than in group II.
3) The analgesic effect lasted considerably longer in group II than in group I.
4) No specific adverse reactions were detected with the drugs.

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Isolates from oral suppurative inflammation treated at our department during a period of 2 years and 5 months, between October 1983 and February 1986, were studied, and the drug sensitivity of these isolates was determined. The results we obtained are described below.
1) Specimen were collected from 72 cases, and bacteria were detected in 61 of them (84.7%) .
2) Of the 61 cases, 26, 12, 22 and 1 were found to have single aerobic infection, single anaerobic infection, and mixed aerobic and anaerobic infection and infection with Candida and anaerobes, respectively.
3) The total number of detected bacteria was 124 strains, including 68 aerobes (54.8%), 55 anaerobes (44.4%) and one Candida strain (0.8%) .
4) The four strains showed MIC values of over 100 μg/ml for either one or more of Cefmetazole, Cefazolin, Piperacillin and Ticarcillin ; all of the 4 strains were isolated from those with underlying diseases.

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The therapeutic regimen of Ofloxacin in odontogenic infection and in chemoprophylaxis of exodontia was studied. The reliability of therapeutic drug monitoring of salivary drug concentration was also examined.
The following results were obtained.
1) Normal meal intake had almost no effect on the absorption of orally administered Ofloxacin. However, when administered after taking a high calorie meal, delay of T_max and decrease in C_max were observed.
2) When an oral dose of 200 mg Ofloxacin was administered before exodontia, drug concentration in the blood from the operative region as well as in saliva was sufficient to expect chemoprophylaxis.
3) Saliva and blood concentrations of Ofloxacin were almost equal after oral intake of the drug, indicating that the saliva concentration could be depended on for therapeutic drug monitoring.

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Ofloxacin (OFLX), an oral antimicrobial agent of a new Quinolone derivative, was evaluated clinically and bacteriologically in 56 cases with oral infections such as parodontitis, pericoronitis and osteitis of the jaw. A dose level of 100 mg t.i.d. was used, and the following results were obtained.
1) The clinical efficacy rate was 78.2% according to the numerical rating on the 3rd day of treatment, and 78.6% by the judgement of the doctors in charge.
2) The efficacy rate tended to increase together with longer administration periods in cases with severe infections.
3) Side effects were observed in 2 cases (3.6%) . However, the symptoms were not serious and the drug administration could be continued in both cases. Abnormal change of laboratory findings was noted in 1 case (increase in the number of eosinocytes), but the relation with the drug was unknown.
4) A total of 58 strains were isolated from the pus of closed abscesses, of which 33 strains (56.9%) were anaerobes, indicating the important role of anaerobes in oral infections.
5) α-Streptococci was the major isolate, but Peptostreptococcus and anaerobic streptococci were also isolated at high frequencies. These 3 strains made up 56.9% of all the strains.
6) Susceptibilities of the isolates to OFLX, CPFX, ABPC, EM and CEX were examined. The antimicrobial activities of OFLX were slightly inferior to those of ABPC, but OFLX inhibited the growth of all strains without exception at a concentration of 6.25μg/ml or less.

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The clinical effects of three kinds of new type macrolide antibiotics were examined in 86 cases of acute oral and maxillary infection, and the following results were obtained;
1) Clinical efficacy of the three kinds of new type macrolide antibiotics (acetyl-Mide-camycin, Rokitamycin and RU-28965) was 87.0%.
2) Medication term was three days (the shortest) to ten days (the longest) and the mean 4.6 days.
3) Adverse reactions were observed in only 2 patients (3.2%), but thus the drug rushes were not serious and soon disappeared. Abnormal changes in the results of clinical examinations were not found in any cases.

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Assaying the concentration of peroral antibiotics in saliva has recently been applied in TDM (Therapeutic Drug Monitoring) . The saliva level of peroral antibiotics generally profiles the different types. When high concentrations are obtained in saliva, the saliva level can be assayed simply without any preparation or with only a deproteinization. However, it is necessary to condense the saliva when the level profiles poorly even by a bioassay or HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) . Either the evaporating method or the freeze-drying method is generally applied in the saliva condensation. In this study, the efficiency of evaporating condensation and freeze-drying condensation were compared, when the saliva level of antibiotics shows poor. The saliva and blood from 5 volunteers were tested using new Quinolone T-3262 as antibiotics. In this experiment, a new method in which were paper disks infiltrated into the test saliva prior to the evaporating or freeze-drying condensation was tested, and the recovery rates using both methods were compared.
The results obtained were as follows,
1) The preparation of soaking disks in the test saliva was convenient during manipulation, and a high recovery rate was obtained.
2) The concentration in saliva showed a close correlation with the blood concentration.
3) The recovery rate amounted to 93.6% using the evaporating method and to 67.3% using the freeze-drying method.
Conclusion: The evaporating method was shown to be superior to the freeze-drying method.

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