We have confirmed previously that physiologically active peptide-like substances extracted from the skeletal muscles of fur seals have peripheral vasodilating properties and show beneficial effect on inflamed periodontal tissues. To investigate what kinds of reliable constituents in the extracted substances exhibit the vasodilating activity, following extractive steps were tested. The first step was to determine the procedure for the extractive efficiency of the substances from the muscles of fur seals ; and the second was to detect the method of fractionating the active substances and of collecting the fractionated substances from crude extract. The vasoactive substances existed abundantly in the fraction of the molecular range less than 1, 000 M.W., but not in that more than 1, 000 M.W. As for fractionating method, utilization of Amberlite XAD-2 resin absorptive chromatography was the best way to separate the high active fraction without a loss of vasoactive activity from crude extract mixture containing high molecular- and low active-fraction.

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It has been reported that fraction I, still including an effective substance for the improvement of peripheral circulation and being non-adsorptive to resin, is fractionated by Amberlite XAD-2 resin chromatography from crude mixture, which is extracted from skeletal muscle of fur seals. Furthermore, fraction I was divided broadly into 4 fractions of A to D in compliance with electrical density in the ion exchange chromatography in this study. In each fraction, the extraction, the isolation and the identification of the substituent was investigated precisely in chemical and biological level. Results as follows:
1) Fraction-A produced following actions which were a marked aggregative action in human platelet, increasing action in peripheral blood flow and temporary endothelium dependent relaxing action in isolated vessels. HPLC analysis identified the vasoactive substance in fraction A with 5′ ADP.
2) As for fraction-B, a marked vasodilating action and inhibitory action of human platelet aggregation were observed. This active substance was identified to be 5′ AMP by HPLC analysis.
3) A vasoactive action of the fraction-C was faint and it was chromatically confirmed to be containing carnosine and anserine in Fr. C.
4) Fraction-D showed the strongest increase of a peripheral blood flow in comparison with any other fraction and produced a powerfull contraction in isolated vessels. This vasocontractive action was inhibited by antihistamine and H₁ receptor-antagonist so that it was considered to be caused by histamin like substance. The active substance was identified finally to be histamine by HPLC analysis.

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A double-blind, group-comparison trial was conducted in 11 institutions to compare Enoxacin (ENX) in daily doses of 300 mg (t.i.d) and 600 mg (t.i.d) in terms of efficacy, safety and utility for the treatment of oral infections such as Periodontal infection, pericoronal infection and osteitis of the jaws. A total of 296 cases are enrolled in this study, 277 cases were evaluated on the efficacy by the criteria of Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (139 for the 300 mg group and 138 for the 600 mg group) and 278 cases were evaluated on the efficacy by the attending doctors (140 for the 300 mg group and 138 for the 600 mg group) .
Results obtained were as follows :
1) According to the criteria on clinical effects, the efficacy rate was 74.8% for the 300 mg group and 79.0% for the 600 mg group. As for the evaluation by the attending doctors, it was 68.6% for the 300 mg group and 74.6% for the 600 mg group. The rating in the 600 mg group was 4 to 6% higher than that in the 300 mg group, but there was no significant difference in the efficacy evaluation between the two groups.
2) Adverse reactions were observed in 8 cases (5.6% of 143) of the 300 mg group and in 11 cases (7.6% of 144) of the 600 mg group, but no serious adverse reactions developed.
3) On clinical usefulness judged by the attending doctors, the ratio of usefulness were 68.1% for the 300 mg group and 73.9% for the 600 mg group. The rating in the 600 mg group was 6% higher than that in the 300 mg group, but there was no significant difference in clinical usefulness between the two groups.
As mentioned above, ENX is considered to be useful medication in the treatment of patients with oral infections.

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Bacterial endocarditis is one of the most serious complication of cardiac disease. Since several dental treatment may be associated with transitory bacteremia, effective measures for prevention of this infection by dentist are highly desirable.
We discussed the preventive antibiotic regimens in the literature. Several regimens were examined from our “Minimum data base” and from on-line searching with “Dialog.”
The slight differences were observed on the choice and the dose of antibiotics, and the timing of antibiotic administration among the regimens. The major changes of those regimens were less emphasis on administration of parenteral agents and a reduction of the period of prophylaxis.
Although the simplification would make compliance easier, it remained other problems such as effectivity of prophylaxis, necessity of prophylaxis for patients with mitral valve prolapse, choice of antibiotics for the penicillin allergic patients.
Because the effectiveness of those regimens have never established by controlled trials, physicians and dentists should continue to generate better data cooperative studies.

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The influence of meals for a new antimicrobial agent cefpodoxime-proxetil (CPDX-PR) was studied in 6 healthy volunteers. Blood levels of CPDX-PR were obtained in crossover test.
The results was discussed by pharmacokinetics and moment analysis.
CPDX-PR has no influence by meals.

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A 35-year-old male patient, who had undergone root canal therapy of the 6 tooth 6 weeks previously, suffered swelling and pain of the right lower jaw after root canal irrigation with 10% sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide. Even after extraction of the 6 tooth, the symptoms did not diminish, and the patient visited our department. He showed no abnormal systemic findings but had a diffuse and hard osseous swelling of the right lower jaw and anesthesia of the right lower lip and skin in the right mental region. In the oral cavity, the gingiva of the 765 teeth showed redness and swelling, and the bone was exposed at the 6 extraction wound along with pus discharge. Although roentgenography showed no definite changes in the jaw bone, the lower jaw bone of teeth 7 to 5 teeth showed an image of irregular bone resorption with features of sclerosing one month after the initial examination. Three months after administration of an antibiotic agent and an antiphlogistic one as well as local irrrigation with physiological saline solution, a sequester was excised. All of the subjective symptoms disappeared 10 months after the treatment.

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In vitro実験系で骨吸収率を計算する際, 骨中の残存Ca量に基づいて算出される骨吸収率と骨から培養液中に遊離したCa量に基づいて算出される骨吸収率との間の相関関係の有無についてプロスタグランジンE₂と共に培養することにより骨吸収の生じたマウス頭蓋冠とその培養液を用いて調べた.その結果, 培養開始前の頭蓋冠中のCa含有量は177.35±12.35 (n-10) mgで, 培養液中のCa含有率は7.43±0.16 (n=10) mg%であった.このことを基準セこして培養2, 4, 6日目における残存骨中Ca量から算出した骨吸収率 (A) は11.50±1.51, 34.53±4.59, 50.30±4.96 (n=7) %であり, 培養液中Ca量から算出した骨吸収率 (B) は10.75±1.93, 33.29±4.16, 48.94±5.36 (n=7) %であり, その相関係数は0.99であった.以上の事実からAとBの間には高い相関関係のあることが判明した.

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