Multiple tracking methods are widely required in biology field, in particular neuroethology and ecology fields. Biology researches have to observe target behavior with recording video and have to spend much time for analyzing video data afterward. Here we focus on fighting behavior between male crickets. Fighting behavior is one of the common behaviors in animals. Animals usually fight for resources like foods, territory, mating partner and so on. During a fight, animals modify their aggressive motivation and behavior. In order to understand how they alter their motivation and behavior, we need to analyze the detail of the time sequence of the fighting. Therefore, we propose the video image processing method for automated observation, which enables us to observe and measure the behavioral characteristics of plural crickets simultaneously. Finally, through experiments we prove the effectiveness of our method.

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The equations of motion of one-dimensional crystals consisting of molecules and atoms are expressed as the difference equations of their displacements. We demonstrate that the electrically equivalent circuit of such crystals with a periodic structure is given by an LC ladder circuit. LC circuits are reciprocal and lossless. The iterative parameters of LC ladder circuits can be obtained by determining the eigen-values of the cascade matrix of the circuits, enabling the determination of complex impedance. According to this analogy, it is necessary to take into account the complex power for one-dimensional crystals, which are generally analyzed using real functions. Although the time integral of the complex power is generally considered to represent energy, only the active power is related to the energy. That is, two complex functions, those for voltage and current, are required to analyze one-dimensional crystals, similarly to electromagnetic wave circuits.

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