The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual aspects of the agreement or disagreement on the part of the parents on child-rearing attitudes and the marital relations of parents of the child patients who visit the dental office, and further the relationship to other factors which might be involved.
The subjects of this study were 186 groups of guardians of children with ages ranging from 2 to 12 years. The diagnostic test (for parents) for parent-child relationships was used for this investigation.
As for procedures to process the test results, the factors related to the degree of parental agreement or disagreement in child-rearing attitudes (4 groups: agree- ment, quasiagreement, quasidisagreement and disagreement groups), and the comparison of the types of parental child-rearing attitudes (4 types: the cases with parental agreement in a positive sense, ordinary father and bad mother, ordinary mother and bad father, and parental agreement in a negative sense), and to the parental agreement or disagreement, were compared by means of gpearman's coefficient of rank correlation.
The following results were obtained:
1) With regard to the parental agreement or disagreement concerning childrearing attitudes,93 couples out of 168 showed a high correlation (0.60) in rank correlation.
2) In a case with parental agreement in a positive sense, the ratio of parents of the control type was the highest, followed in order by the submission type and the protection type. However, in a case with parental agreement in a negative sense, the rejection type was the highest. Even in a case with parental disagreement, the rejection type was the highest in cases with a good father and a bad mother, on the other hand, in a case with a good mother and a bad father, the submission type increased.
3) The comparison of factors related to parental agreement or disagreement in child-rearing attitudes was as follows.
(1) There was a tendency for the average number of years of marriage to decrease as the number of agreement groups towards disagreement groups.
(2) The average age difference of the parents was 4 years in the agreement and quasiagreement groups, and 3 years in the quasidisagreement and disagreement groups.
(3) With regard to the number of children, there was no difference among the four groups.
(4) The more the agreement groups moved towards the disagreement ones, there was a tendency for the average are of the child to be higher.
(5) With regard to the sex of the child, the number of the girls was slightly higher in the agreement groups than that of the boys.
(6) With regard to the order of birth, the ratio of the first-born child was high in the agreement and quasiagreement groups, but the ratio of the second-born child in the quasidisagreement groups.
(7) With regard to the presence of the grandparents, there was no difference. However, in a case with one grandparent, there were few agreement groups.

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Personality tests were undertaken to compare the first-born child and secondborn child groups in order to examine the relationship between the order of birth and the personality traits of the child patients who visit the dental office.
The subjects of this study consisted of 210 children in total and included 150 children with two siblings and 60 children with three siblings with ages ranging from 2 to 12 years. Materials were the personality examinations with 13 items which their mothers recorded.
To process the psychological test results, the comparison of percentiles and examination of the difference of the mean value of the percentile value were made concerning the comparison between the total first and second-child groups with two siblings, sexual comparison between the first and second-child groups, the comparison of sibling composition classified by the sex of the first and secondchild groups and the order of birth, and the comparison classified by the age group of the first and second-child groups. Moreover, the comparison of personality between the first and second-child with two and three siblings was examined.

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It is known that flavonols decrease the increased permeability and fragility of the capillary and that they can co-operate with ascorbic acid for therapy for increased permeability of the capillry. This paper deals with the effect of quercetin (an aglycone of flavonols) on photosensitized lysis of human erythrocytes in the presence of hematoporphyrin as a photosensitizer.
The results obtained were as follows.
1. The photosensitized hemolysis was protected by quercetin.
2. Quercetin seems to protect the hemolysis by terminating the radical chain reactions which occurred during lipid peroxidation and by scavenging singlet molecular oxygen which can initiate lipid peroxidation.
3. During the protection of the photosensitized hemolysis by quercetin, the quercetin was oxidized. The oxidation of the quercetin was partially suppressed by the ascorbic acid.

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Calcium hydroxide pastes are most frequently employed as root canal filling materials in the treatment of permanent teeth with incompletely formed roots. This study was performed to evaluate clinically and radiographically root canal filling using calcium hydroxide-iodoform paste “VITAPEX” in permanent teeth with incompletely formed roots.
71 permanent teeth with incompletely formed roots (118 root canals) requiring pulp extirpation (33 cases) or root canal treatment for infected root canals (38 cases) were available for clinical and radiographical investigation. After the pulp extirpation or root canal therapy for the infected root canals, the root canals were filled with “VITAPEX ”. Clinical histories and radiograms were taken before and after the operations. These cases were observed ranging from 30 to 1145 days after the filling of the root canals.
Results
1) Clinical symptoms of discomfort appeared in 10 of the pulp extirpation cases and in 3 of the root canal treatment cases. These symptoms of discomfort were biting pain, percussion pain and swelling of gingiva. Discomfort was mostly slight and disappeared within 7 days.
2) Apical closures were observed radiographically in many cases and the cases of apical closure tended to increase the longer the observation period. Also every cases of over 540 days observation periods showed apical closure.
3) Clinically and radiographically, of the 33 cases treated with pulp extirpation 23 were evaluated as successful,9 as fairly successful and 1 as a failure. Of the 38 cases treated with root canal treatment,35 were evaluated as successful,2 as fairly successful and 1 as a failure.

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In order to observe objectively the change in the bone trabecula in the upper portion of permanent tooth germs after extraction of deciduous teeth, three-monthold puppies were studied. Macroscopic observation of roentogenograms, quantification of radio opacity in microphotography, and chronological observation were made.
The results were as follows:
1. On the 3rd day after the extraction, the concentration curve of the extraction sockets of both the mesial and distal roots rose. For the distal root, the rising trend was more marked for the lower portion than for the middle por- tion. Part of the alveolar bone fell into the high concentration area and the first change after the extraction was observed.
2. On the 7th day after the extraction, the concentration curve of the extraction sockets of both the medial and distal roots rose. In particular the curve for the middle portion was in the high concentration level, which suggested that the osteogenesis was in the most active stage. The alveolar bone and cortical bone were constant in the level of concentration.
3. On the 10th day after the extraction, the concentration curves for the upper and middle portions of the extraction sockets of the mesial root showed a rising trend and the incline for the middle portion was marked. The lower portion of the extraction sockets of the mesial root and the middle portion of the extraction sockets of the distal root were stabilized on the concentration curve.
4. On the 35th day after the extraction, the extraction sockets of both the mesial and distal roots were approximately stabilized in the low concentration level. The concentation curve for the alveolar bone was still rising on the mesial root side and that on the distal root side was restored to normality.

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Powdered preparation of a maltitol-rich sweetener was made from hydrogenated maltose syrup and was assessed for induction of experimental dental caries in rats. The preparation was composed of 77% maltitol,2% sorbitol and 21% of the other sugar alcohols (hydrogenated oligo-saccharide), and was sweet as sucrose.
The cariogenecity of the maltitol preparation was examined in 24 day-old SPF rats infected with Streptococcus mutans MT8148R (serotype c) or 6715 (serotype g). This preparation did not induce dental caries in rats which had been infected with either S. mutans MT8148R or 6715; i. e the caries score of the maltitol-fed rats was significantly lower than that of the sucrose-fed rats. However, a mixed containing 10% maltitol and 10% sucrose had no inhibitory effect on the incidence of caries compared with a diet containing 10% sucrose alone. In these animal experiments, there were no significant differences in weight gain between the rats fed the sucrose diet and those fed the maltitol diet. The results show that the maltitol-rich sweetener has no or very low cariogenecity in rats.

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This study was performed to evaluate the effects of the types of toothbrushes on tooth brushing and to detect the factors which influence the effect of sell-tooth brushing with physically handicapped children. The subjects were 11 cerebral palsied (3 athetoids and 8 spastics) and 6 others with motor disabilities and ranged between 5 and 19 yeats of age. They used 3 types of tooth brush (Butler 111(1t, Butler; t111 ' with modified resin grip, and electric tooth brushes) each for 2 weeks and the plaque index (Shick & Ash) and the gingival index (Löe) were examined before and after the self-tooth brushing week. We evaluated as the motor functions the grasping force of the more skilful hand, the degree of the disturbance of the voluntary movements of the wrist, the elbow, and the shoulder as well as the co-ordiating abilities of the upper arm. We also evaluated the mental factors, I. Q. using the WISC-R test and motivation from the adaptive behavior scale test. The distribution of the subjects' I. Q. was widely spread from the severely reatrded to the border line area and concerning the disturbance of the voluntary movements,8 subjects had mild and 8 subjects has severe disturbances. The following results were obtained;
1) For the average plaque index before and after the self-tooth brushing week, there were no statistically significant changes with any of the 3 types of brushes.
2) For the average gingival index before and after the self-tooth brushing, a statistically significant improvement was obtained with the electric tooth brush (p<0.05) but was not obtained with the other types.
3) For the rate of improvement of the plaque index and the gingival index, according to variance analysis, there were no statistically significant improvements with any of the 3 types of brushes.
4) For the co-relationship among the motor function factors, between the grasping force and the plaque index a statistically significant co-relationship was obtained (p<0.05) with the electric brush, and group with a mild disturbance of the voluntary movements showed a much better oral hygiene condition than those with severe disturbances for the 3 types of toothbrush but the statistically significane was not obtained.
5) For the mental factors, between the I. Q. and the plaque index there was no statistically significant co-relationship but between the score of ABS and the plaque index some co-relationship was discovered except the electric tooth brush.
We think the motivation of handicapped children is a very important factor with regards to self-toothbrushing.

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The purpose of this study was the objective chromatical measuring of the color of the primary teeth of Japanese children and the investigation of the Colorimeter used in this experiment.
The primary anterior tooth colors of 18 Japanese children aged from 3 years 8 months to 6 years 6 months (average: 5.0 years) were chromatically measured using Color and Color Difference Meter 1001 DP and Optical Head OFC-1001 DP (Nippon Denshoku Co. ).
The Hunter Color System (Lab system) was used for evaluating the appearance of the color.
The following results were obtained.
1. The mean chromatical colors of all types of primary anterior teeth showed an extremely white color.
2. It was very convenient that the chromaticity was obtained directly from the measuring device since the Lab system was used for the appearance of a color on the Colorimeter, and the data obtained was objective.
3. Since the primary anterior teeth are small and the surfaces are curved, the data was in danger of being influenced by the light from outside of the Optical Head which was in direct contact with the tooth surface.
4. It was very difficult to fix the Optical Head on the surface of the teeth during chromatical measuring because 4 seconds was required for the measuring and the Optical Head was made by hard material.
5. For chromatical measuring of the primary tooth colors in the oral cavity, it is desirable to use a Colorimeter which is not influenced by the light from the outside of the Optical Head, and is also able to measure the chromaticity in a moment.

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This investigation was carried out for the purpose of explaining the functional development of muscles related to mastication which is one of the functions of the stomatognatic system, and how to apply this information to clinical pedo- dontics.
The subjects consisted of 50 children with a normal occlusion. They were divided into groups from IIA to IIIC according to Hellman's dental stages.
The muscles examined bilaterally were the anterior temporal muscle, the posterior temporal muscle and the superficial portion of the masseter muscle u- tilizing four established movements. The actions of the above muscles were recorded using electromyography (EMG).
An intergrator was used to handle the EMG data and the TA%, TP% and M%, which are the percentages of the total action potential of TA, TP and M, were caliculated to determine the quantity of the action between each average. As a result of the study, the authors arrived at the following conclusions.
1. In established actions such as gum free chewing, and maximum bite, no difference was found between men and women, or between the right and left side regarding TA, TP and M.
2. A difference was found as to how masticatory muscles are used for mastication in the deciduous dentition and in the permanent dentition. In short, the temporal muscle works mainly in the deciduous dentition; the other hand however the masseter muscle works mainly in the permanent dentition.
3. We suggest that growth and development were largely due to these changes.

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The purpose of this study was to look for the most effective toothbrushing force for children using the scrubbing method with a medium hardness tooth- brush, under the same conditions except that the toothbrushing forces were changed from 100 g,200 g,300 g,400 g and 500 g, and to concider the toothbrushing efficiencies and the occurrence of pain and bleeding.
Result:
1) With the force of 100 g, the toothbrushing efficiency was 30.2%. With that of 200 g,300 g,400 g and 500 g, the toothbrushing efficiencies were 44.3%,76.1%,76.7% and 73.4%.
The T-test used to evaluate relationship between these toothbrushing forces showed significant defferences between 100 g,200 g and 300 g, but showed insignificant differences between 300 g,400 g and 500 g.
2) With the forces of 100 g and 200 g, their efficiencies varied with the parts brushed. However with the forces of 300 g,400 g and 500 g, their efficiencies did not vary with the parts brushed.
3) With the force of 400 g,8 children complained of pains and 3 children revealed bleeding at their marginal gingiva. With the force of 500 g,11 children complained of pains and 5 children revealed bleeding at their marginal gingiva. Conclusion: All things considered, with these brushes 300 g was an adequate toothbrushing force for children with the scrubbing method.

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The TMJ dysfunction syndrome has been defined as the presence of one of or more of the following symptoms. These symptoms are: (a) pain and tenderness in the region of the muscles of mastication and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ); (b) sounds during condylar movements; (c) limitation of mandibular movement, etc. In addition, the abscence of organic changes in the TMJ must be evident. This report is an epidemiological study the purpose of which is to understand better the prevalance of the symptoms of the TMJ dysfunction syndrome and to aim at systematizing dental care for this syndrome in adolescents. The subjects were 2198 children aged 10-18 years (1095 boys and 1103 girls). The results obtained were as follows: 1. The incidence of TMJ sounds involved 188 children (8.6%) 98 boys (8.9%) and 90 girls (8.2%) and no significant differences were found between boys and girls.2. The incidence of the pain in the region of TMJ involved 37 children (1.7%) -16 boys (1.5%) and 21 girls (1.9%)- and no significant difference were found between boys and girls.3. The incidence of the limitation of mandibular movement involved 6 children (0.3%) -3 boys (0.3%)- and 3 girls (0.2%) and no significant difference were found between boys and girls.4. The incidence of the TMJ dysfunction syndrome involved 215 children (9.8%) -110 boys (10.1%) and 105 girls (9.5%)- and no significant difference were found between boys and girls. The most frequently mentioned this syndrome was single and concerning the frequency of the individual symptoms, the most common one was that of TMJ sounds.

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It has been reported that the salivary occult blood test is useful both for the detection of periodontal disease in the early stages and for the diagnosis of periodontal disease in the adult stage.
The purpose of this study was to discover if the salivary occult blood test is also useful for the Screening of gingivitis in such young children as elementary school children and junior high school students. The results obtained from this study with the PMA index, the relative chromaticity of gingiva and the salivary occult blood test before and after brushing in 76 school children and 115 junior high school students were as follows.
1. In both the elementary school children and the junior high school students, a significant correlation was observed between the PMA index and the sensitivity to the salivary occult blood test after brushing.
2. The Screening Line between (-) and (±) of the salivary occult blood test after brushing was between 15 and 16 of the PMA index.
3. An increase in a tendency towards gingivitis was observed on the gingiva of the front teeth, comparing the junior high school students to the elementary school children.
4. The gingiva of the molors of the school children contracted a pubertive gingivitis or an eruptive gingvitis which bled more easily than that contracted by the junior high school students.

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The gubernacular foramen, a small orifice in the lingual wall of the deciduous canine alveolus, was examined macroscopically and histologically in crab-eating monkeys. The following results were obtained:
During the initial phase of the embryological period, the tooth germ was connected to the epithelium of the oral mucous membrane by a dental lamina. Following this, proliferating mesenchymal cells and fibers surrounding the canine tooth germ layer lingual to the deciduous tooth germ layer formed a bony capsule (bony crypt).
The gubernacular foramen of the deciduous canine which usually appears in the early phase of eruption occurred in the inside of the deciduous tooth alveolus. However, in this case, it appeared on the surface of the alveolar bone during the later phase of eruption with the canal being higher on the inner wall and lower on the outer wall. The foramen developed into two different types in a direction from the inner wall of the deciduous tooth alveolus to the alveolar margin (alveolar crest). The orifice of the foramen passed through the deciduous tooth alveolus and alveolar bone to form osteoblasts on the side of the periodontal membrane of the outer canal wall as high as the inner wall. It is possible that other foramen may open and osteoclasts in the deciduous tooth alveolus may make the inner wall higher than the outer wall. Just before the permanent canines erupted, the foramen grew larger and the canal became wider in diameter and shorter in length. A canine cusp tip could be observed. The inner layer of the gubernacular canal consisted of a dense network of connective tissue, including epithelial remnants of the dental lamina, while the outer layer consisted of a loose network of connective tissue and capillaries. The ratio of occurrence of the gu- bernacular foramina orifice was higher in the maxilla than in the mandible.
These results indicated that the canine gubernacular foramen migrated in a direction from the incisor towards the premolar gubernacular foramen. In addition, the gubernacular foramen and canal were also indicated to be the route for invasion of tooth germ and eruption of successional teeth.

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It is of common knowledge that there are five isoenzymes of lactate dehydogenase (EC.1.1.1.27; L-Lactate; NAD+ oxidoreductase; LDH). In the distributive pattern of the LDH isoenzyme organ specifity was recognized. LDH isoenzyme of pig dental pulp was separated by DEAE Sephadex A-50 fractionation, and the pattern was examined.
In the pig dental pulp, there are three isoenzymes, LDH-1, LDH-2 and LDH-3. LDH-1 is the most eluted 62.6% of total activity, LDH-2 is eluted 22.7% and LDH-3 is least,14.7%.

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A dental health program comprising topical fluoride application, oral hygine instruction and various other educational procedures was conducted for the benefit of mothers and their 10 month old children.
The procedures were repeated at intervals of 4 months up to the 4th year of age. The following findings were obtained:
1. The most usual order and age of eruption of the deciduous teeth were found to be from earliest to latest; lower central incisor, upper central incisor, upper lateral incisor, lower lateral incisor, upper first molar (16.7 months of age), lower first molar (17.4 months), upper cuspid (18.2 months), lower cuspid (19.2 months), lower second molar (27.1 months), and upper second molar (30.2 months).
2. A specific pattern was recognized in the frequency and age of attacks of caries on the deciduous teeth; labial surfaces of the upper incisors (before 1 year 6 months of age), interproximal surfaces of the upper incisors (from 2 years 2 months of age to 3 years 2 months of age), occlusal surfaces of molars (from 2 years 10 months of age to 3 years 6 months of age) and interproximal surfaces of molars (after 3 years 6 months of age).
3. The caries incidence rates of children who participated in the dental health program were; 2.0% (1 year 2 months),5.5% (1 year 6 months),8.5% (1 year 10 months),14.1% (2 years 2 months),25.6% (2 years 6 months),37.4% (2 years 10 months),51.8% (3 years 2 months),61.3% (3 years 6 months) and 65.5% (4 years).
4. The number of def teeth and the results of the caries activity test (Cariostat) at 1 year 10 months of age correlated with the number of def teeth at 3 years 6 months or 4 years of age, suggesting that this information is useful for the prediction of future caries activity in 1 year old chirdren.

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Many epidemilogical studies have shown that the mother might be a major source of infection for infants with S. mutans and that individuals did not harbour more than one serotype. However the results of the present epidemiological study indicated that many mother-child pairs harbored different serotypes and many individuals harbored plural serotypes. It has been shown that the necessary conditions for the colonization of S. mutans in man or animals are large and repeated inoculation. However, the obserbations in the present epidemiological study might indicate that various other factors, such as nourishmental conditions in the oral cavities, immunological specificity, synthesis of insoluble glucan etc., influenced the establishment of S. mutans.
Based on the previous reports that the predominant serotypes of S. mutans in infants changed with time and that they harbored plural serotypes as the result of infection with other serotypes, it is thought that bacteriocin anti-bacterial agents which many strains of S. mutans produce against other Gram-positive bacteria including S. mutans, play some role in infection and establishment.
The object of the present investigation was to clarify the role of bacteriocin in the infection and establishment of S. mutans by using strains of S. mutans isolated from a subject harboring two serotypes in the oral cavity. The results showed that even a small inoculum of the bacteriocinogenic strain of S. mutans could inhibit completely the establishment of its sensitive strains in cases of similtaneous infection with two strains.
Further, the bacteriocinogenic strain could eliminate sentitive strains when the latter made a slight colonization on the tooth surface preemtively. However, when sensitive strains were already established, the two coexisted and the bacteriocin production did not eliminate the sensitive strains. As these obserbations did not occur with the non bacteriocinogenic mutant, it was indicated that bacteriocin production of S. mutans played an important role in the infection and establishment of S. mutans.

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It is already known that whole mixed saliva consists of saliva perse and various substances, including organic and inorganic components produced in the mouth, which have much to do with oral diseases. However, little has been studied concerning infant saliva, namely, its components and composition, fluctuation of contents according to age, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and examinations of qualitative and quantitative nature. In the present study, therfore, an attempt was made to examine the fatty acid of the saliva, and the composition of fatty acid of the saliva from infants was compared with that from adults in relation to smell. The following were the results of the study.
1) Palmitic acid and stearic acid were in all the samples of infant mixed saliva, and myristic acid from most of the samples.
2) Myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid were detected from all the samples of adult mixed saliva, and capric acid and lauric acid from most of the samples.
3) The fatty acid contents of whole mixed saliva from infants varied greatly from individual to individual, while those from adults showed little variance among the individuals.
4) The stearic acid and palmitic acid accounted for 95% of the fatty acid of whole mixed saliva in infants, while the same two acids accounted for 77%of the fatty acid of the whole mixed saliva in adults. It is presumed that capric acid plays a part in the smell of saliva based on the fact that there was no capric acid in infant mixed saliva while 8% capric acid was detected in adult mixed saliva.

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The supply of dental treatment for handicapped children is very small in Japan. One of the reasons for this is the anxiety of the dentist when he receives the handicapped for dental treatment. The anxiety must be resolved by the dentist by some means.
The autistic child has a lack of cooperation with dental treatment and poor interaction with the dentist. Therefore, the introduction of the dental treatment for the autistic child is difficult.
As a method to dissolve the anxiety, we have thought that the introduction of a screening test for their needful faculty to receive dental treatment is the most useful.
The aims of this study is to evaluate objectevely the daily behavior of the autistic child by CLAC-II, and to evaluate the explicit behavior of the child under treatment, and to make a screening test for their faculty to receive dental treatment by an examination or the relationship between two the estimations.
The subjects were 47 autistic children.
The results suggested that the subjects had individual differences in explicit behavior under dental treatment, and so the subjects were grouped into 3 classes, the non-cooperative group (A), the transitional group (B), and the cooperative group (C).
The differences among the 3 groups respectively for their age and for the contents of dental treatment which they received were not found. C group showed a higher developmental index in some items of the CLAC-II test than A group. According as the reference to by using some items of the CLAC-II that were suggested differences between A group and C group as a reference, we have made a screening test whereby cooperation with treatment and explicit behavior at dental clinics can be estimated by their daily behavior.

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Very few studies of caries have been conducted using mice despite the fact that mice have been used in various medical experiments. Some of the advantages of using mice are that it is possible to obtain results which are highly reliable. Mice are also very easy to keep. One of the studies of caries suggested that mice can be used as experimental models in caries reseach. In the present study, the caries susceptibility of mice of different strains was examined using mice of inbred strains.
The following were the results of the present investigation.
1)Among the mice infected with S. mutans JC-2 (serotype c), there was observed a statistical difference of 1% between the caries scores of the C3H/He strain and those of the C57BL/6, DBA/2, and C57BL/10 strains.
2) Among the mice infected with S. mutans 6715 (serotype g), there was observed a statistical difference of 1% between the caries scores of C3H/He strain and those of other strains.
3) When two groups of mice of the same strain were infected with S. mut6ns, one with serotype c and the other with serotype g, the scores of the former were higher than those of the latter. Among C57BL/6 and DBA/2 strains, there was observed a statistical difference of 1% between the scores of c-infected groups and those g-infected groups.

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Hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets is characterized by familial occurrence, a lowered serum phosphorous level, and disturbance of ossification, which does not respond to the usual therapeutic doses of vitamin D. The clinical picture of vitamin D-resistant rickets is variable and the diagnosis is difficult during the first year of life. Children with this disorder have frontal bossing of the skull, dwarfism affecting the legs more than the trunk, bowed legs and a poorly mineralized skeleton. This disease, when developed later in life, is less severe and may not be characterized by rickets or other osseous deformities. This disease may go undiagnosed during childhood. In the mouth, spontaneous gingival abscesses are frequently noted.
A Japanese boy aged one year and ten months was first seen in the Niigata University Dental Hospital complaining of gingival abscesses in both upper de-. ciduous central incisors and in the lower left deciduous central incisor. The pa- tient's general and family histories were negative, but he had once had a bruise on the anterior part of the mouth. Therefore, the gingival abscesses seemed to be attributed to the bruise. Fourteen months latter, another gin gival abscess was formed at the buccal gingiva of the lower right deciduous central incisor. And then, six months later, a new abscess was found at the gingiva of the upper right deciduous lateral incisor. None of the teeth was attacked by caries. Panoramic X ray films of the patient revealed that all deciduous and permanent teeth had large pulp chambers and these teeth were less calcified. Furthermore, the upper and lower jaws seemed to be poorly developed. These spontaneous gin- gival abscesses and roentogcnorgraphic findings caused us to suspect that the patient had some systemic disease. Therefore, the patient was referred to the Niigata University Medical Hospital for examination. As a result, the patient was diagnosed as having hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets.
The findings of this patient were as follows:
1) Bone age and physical growth were retarded, but delayed eruption of the teeth was not observed.
2) A slight frontal bossing was noted on account of retardation of the depth of cranial base and upper jaw.
3) The following dental anomalies were seen.
(1) large pulp chambers and long pulp horns.
(2) pronounced interglobular dentin.
(3) clefts and tubular defects in the dentin of the pulp horn region.
4) Electron probe microanalysis revealed that the dentin was incompletely calcified, and the dentin had low density of magnesium.
5) A preformed crown seems to be preferable for the prophylactic treatment for spontaneous gingival abscess.

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While microdens is not rarely encountered, macrodens is very rare anormaly of dental morphology. This is a case report of macrodens occurring in the upper central incisors of a 7 year-3 month-old Japanese boy, who visited the Pedodontic Clinic of Tsurumi University Dental Hospital.
The mesiodistal width of upper left central incisor was 13.6 mm, and that of upper right central incisor was 11.0 mm. In particular, the size of upper left incisor was the largest among the macrodens reported in Japan, and those of the other teeth were also larger than those of the Japanese average.
It was found that the patient's mother and older sister also had relatively large teeth, with the report of mother's sister and father showing the same tendency. From these facts, these cases appear to have a genetic background.
Clinical examination revealed that the patient had anterior crossbite, mesial drifting of the upper first molars and linguoversion of the upper lateral incisors, which have been treated by using a chin cap and a removable orthodontic appliance.

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The patient, a 9-year-old boy, was referred to the Pedodontic Clinic of Tsurumi University Dental Hospital with the chief complaint being the impaction of the mandibular left first molar.
Oral examination revealed that the mandibular left first molar was absent, and all the other first molars had erupted normally. In the lower left region, where the first molar should have erupted, there was no evidence of swelling of the alveolar process or inflammation of the mucous membrane.
A radiographic examination showed that the impacted mandibular left first molar had distally curved roots and that the tip of the distal root had developed rather occlusally. The tooth was deplaced apically and was almost in contact with the inferior border of the mandibular corpus. There was a widening of the pericoronal space of the tooth, the dimension of which was about 2.5 mm. The associated pathology appears to be a dentigerous cyst.
The gingival tissue covering the occlusal surface of the tooth was surgically removed. Radiographs taken postoperatively revealed that the tooth was actively erupting toward the occlusal plane. The malformation of the roots did not prevent the tooth from erupting. Eventually, the tooth erupted completely into its normal position, and was functional 17 months after the operation. The tooth was asymptomatic and firm in position. The follow-up X-ray survey showed that the condition of the tooth was satisfactory as was the surrounding tissues.

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I-cell disease or Mucolipidosis II is thought to be an inherited disorder of the glycoprotein metabolism. Clinically it is characterized by coarse facial features, growth failure, psychomotor retardation and severe skeletal changes. These clinical characteristics resemble those of mucopolysaccharidosis such as the Hurler syndrome. There is, however, no excessive excretion of glycosaminoglycan in the urine. In cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with this disease, there are many cytoplasmic inclusions from which the name of I-cell disease originated. The medical character of this disease has been fairly well elucidated in many reports, however few papers have described the dental features of the patient.
The present paper concerns the dental findings of a 12-year-old male patient with I-cell disease who first visited the Pedodontic Clinic of Tokyo Medical and Dental University Dental Hospital when he was 3 years 2 month old. The patient had grown poorly, having a gargoyl face, dorsolumber kyphosis with lumber gibbus, joint contraction of limbs and slight mental retardation. There was severe skeltal malformation in the whole body of the patient, and the carpus bone age was about two or three years younger than his own chronological age. The patient has spaced dental arches and open bite with a large tongue. The dental radiographs reveal that the primary molars had tortuous roots, and the alveolar bone surrounding them had resorbed horizontally. Several permanent teeth had not yet erupted and their formation had also been delayed. The histological examination of the extracted primary molars demonstrated that the teethhad much interglobular dentin and that the secondary cementum was very noticeably deposited at the root apex region. The dentinal tubules ran partialy in a disordered manner. In the Knoop hardness test, the dentin from the patient had a decreased value. Thermal analysis of the dentin indicated that the overall composition had not changed, but the differential thermal analysis curve was slightly different from that of normal dentin. Considering that the pathogenesis of I-cell disease is related to the metabolism of glycoprotein, these findings suggest that there may be some qualitative alterration in the organic matrix of the dentin taken from the patient.

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